CsA顺序用药对肾移植长期存活的影响

目的：探讨ＣｓＡ顺序用药对肾移植长期存活的影响。方法：随机选择３２例肾移植患者术后立即应用ＯＫＴ３,并以同期５６例术后立即应用ＣｓＡ的患者为对照。结果：ＯＫＴ３组及ＣｓＡ组急性排斥反应（ＡＲ）发生率分别为３４．４％和６４．３％（Ｐ〈０．０１）,难治性排斥反应发生率ＯＫＴ３组为９．１％,ＣｓＡ组为３０．６％（Ｐ〈０．０５）。术后首次ＡＲ发生时间,ＣｓＡ组为１３．１±１．３ｄ,ＯＫＴ３组为２２．５±３     

L-精氨酸对5/6肾大部切除大鼠残余肾代偿性增生的影响

目的观察１％Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－ａｒｇ）饮食对５／６肾大部切除大鼠（ＳＮｘ）残余肾代偿性增生（ＣＲＧ）的影响。方法实验分组：（１）假手术（ｓｈａｍ）组；（２）ｓｈａｍ＋Ｌ－ａｒｇ组；（３）ＳＮｘ组；（４）ＳＮｘ＋Ｌ－ａｒｇ组。大鼠于术后３０天处死，观察Ｌ－ａｒｇ对残余肾湿重（ＫＷ）、肾重／体重比（ＫＷ／ＢＷ）、ＣＲＧ、残余肾蛋白质、ＤＮＡ含量、细胞增生以及平均肾小球体积（ＶＧ）的影响。结果Ｌ－ａｒｇ明显增加ＫＷ（Ｐ＜０．０５）、ＫＷ／ＢＷ（Ｐ＜０．０５）、ＣＲＧ（Ｐ＜０．０５）以及残余肾蛋白质、ＤＮＡ含量（Ｐ分别＜０．０１，０．００１）。免疫组化显示，残余肾小管、间质增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）阳性细胞数明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）。此外，ＳＮｘ＋Ｌ－ａｒｇ组ＶＧ较ＳＮｘ组增加１６％。结论Ｌ－精氨酸可能刺激残余肾代偿性增生，此为限制Ｌ－精氨酸饮食治疗慢性肾衰提供了理论依据     

BCG激活淋巴细胞对膀胱肿瘤细胞的抗肿瘤作用研究

利用ＢＣＧ激活的外周血单核细胞（ＰＢＭＮＣ）作为肿瘤杀伤细胞———ＢＡＫ细胞，观察其对移行上皮肿瘤细胞系ＢＴＡ和１１例原代培养细胞的细胞毒作用。结果表明，单独ＢＣＧ对培养肿瘤细胞没有细胞毒作用；ＮＫ细胞仅表现较低的细胞毒作用，在效靶比４０∶１对ＢＴＡ的特异性杀伤率为１７．６３％，对原代细胞为１２．４９％；ＢＡＫ细胞分别为３１．２６％和１９．１６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＬＡＫ细胞分别为３５．５３％和２４．２１％；对ＢＴＡ细胞的细胞毒作用ＬＡＫ细胞＞ＢＡＫ细胞（Ｐ＜０．０５），对原代细胞的细胞毒作用ＬＡＫ细胞和ＢＡＫ细胞之间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。认为ＢＡＫ细胞是不同于ＬＡＫ细胞的一类肿瘤杀伤细胞，在ＢＣＧ抗肿瘤的过程中起着重要作用。     

CsA与肾移植患者的低血镁症

为研究环孢素Ａ（ＣｓＡ）降低血镁的作用及其机制，探讨ＣｓＡ诱导的低血镁是否与肾移植后高血压有关，以硫唑嘌呤（Ａｚａ）治疗组为对照组，以ＣｓＡ治疗血压正常组和ＣｓＡ治疗高血压组为研究组，检查了各组血镁浓度和镁排泄分数。结果：Ａｚａ组、ＣｓＡ血压正常组、ＣｓＡ高血压组的血镁浓度分别为０８２±０．０５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、０７５±０．０６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、０６６±００８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，两两比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜００５）；镁排泄分数分别为：６４％±２３％、７５％±３６％、８８％±３９％，两两比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜００５）；低镁血症发生率分别为：６７％、５５０％、８１１％，两两比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜００５）。结果提示：ＣｓＡ能引起肾移植患者血镁显著下降，这种低血镁可能是肾性镁丢失的结果，与肾移植后高血压相关。     

雷公藤多甙在大鼠肾移植模型中的实验研究

用显微外科技术建立大鼠肾移植模型（Ｗ→ＳＤ）。将大鼠分为四组：对照组仅给生理盐水，雷公藤多甙（Ｔ_Ⅱ）组给Ｔ_Ⅱ３０ｍｇ·ｋｇ~（１）·ｄ~（－１），ＣｓＡ组给ＣｓＡ１５ｍｇ·ｋｇ~（－１）·ｄ~（－１），ＣｓＡ＋Ｔ_Ⅱ组同时给ＣｓＡ１５ｍｇ·ｋｇ~（－１）·ｄ~（－１）＋Ｔ_Ⅱ３０ｍｇ·ｋｇ~（－１）·ｄ~（－１）。对照组大鼠肾移植后平均存活时间为７．３±２．２天，Ｔ_Ⅱ组平均存活时间为１８．１±３．７天，两组存活时间有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。Ｔ_Ⅱ＋ＣｓＡ组平均存活时间为３４．６±５．２天，ＣｓＡ组为２６．１±４．６天。单纯用药的两组分别与联合用药组比较均有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。Ｔ_Ⅱ３０ｍｇ·ｋｇ~（－１）·ｄ~（－１）对大鼠肝、肾、心脏及白细胞总数无影响，但显著抑制大鼠脾淋巴细胞的转化。Ｔ_Ⅱ也显著抑制大鼠外周血白细胞介素－２受体水平，但抑制能力不及ＣｓＡ。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中肺功能变化的临床研究

本文观察了１２例ＡＳＡ１级胆囊结石病人腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的肺功能变化。年龄为４０．７±９．４岁，体重６１．４±９．４ｋｇ。Ｍｉｄａｚｏｌａｍ－Ｆｅｎｔａｎｙｌ－Ｉｓｏｆｌｕｒａｎｅ－Ｔｒａｃｒｉｕｍ维持麻醉，控制呼吸，间歇正压通气。连续监测吸气气道峰压（ＰＩＰ），动态肺应性（ＬＣ），ＰＥＣＯ２，ＥＫＧ，ＮＩＢＰ和ＳｐＯ２。结果：体位改变对ＰＩＰ和ＰＥＣＯ２无明显影响（Ｐ＞０．０５），却使ＬＣ下降９．７％（Ｐ＞０．０５）。腹腔充气后３０分钟ＰＩＰ上升１７％（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＬＣ与麻醉后和充气前相比分别下降２５．８％和２０．８％（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＰＥＣＯ２增加１９．１％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；腹腔充气后６０分钟，ＰＩＰ和ＰＥＣＯ２未继续增加，但ＬＣ继续下降，比麻醉后和充气前下降３４．２％和２７．１％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。本文显示腹腔镜胆囊切除术中肺顺应性显著下降，气道压明显升高，ＰＥＣＯ２明显增加。     

皮肤疣的生物学疗法及免疫学研究

９０例多发性皮肤疣患者采用自体疣移植主动免疫法治疗，随机分为２组，疣移植加服左旋咪唑５１例，单纯疣移植３９例．结果显示：治愈率分别为９０．２％与８２．５％（Ｐ＞０．２５）．对２３例进行了免疫学研究，统计资料表明：术前与术后患者的ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ及淋巴细胞转化率均无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）．检测１０例患者ＣＤ_３、ＣＤ_４、ＣＤ_８细胞百分率均下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＣＤ_４／ＣＤ_８比值下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）．病理活检和电镜检查示：正在消退的疣组织中有大量单核细胞浸润．上述资料表明本疗法主要是增强细胞免疫功能．     

联合应用TIL和IL－2治疗肾癌

联合应用ＴＩＬ和ＩＬ－２治疗肾细胞癌１７例，检测了治疗前后外周血淋巴细胞（ＰＢＬ）对ｋ５６２、Ｒａｊｉ细胞的杀伤活性及ＣＤ_３、ＣＤ_４、ＣＤ_８水平，结果治疗前对Ｋ５６２、Ｒａｊｉ细胞杀伤活性分别为２８．２３±１４．１８％及２２．３９±８．８４％，而治疗后的杀伤活性分别为３６．１８±１３．０８％及２６．４７±５．２７％，治疗前后比较，ＰＢＬ对Ｋ５６２及Ｒａｊｉ细胞的杀伤活性均有显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。治疗前后ＰＢＬ中的ＣＤ_３分别为５６．５８±４．０３％及５８．４３±３．４９％，ＣＤ_４分别为３９．８８±１．５１％及４１．１９±１．９９％，ＣＤ_８分别为３０．２０±１．５２％及３３．５４±３．３３％，治疗前后有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。随访３～１５个月，平均９．７个月，１３例无转移者均无瘤存活，有转移的４例中完全缓解１例，部分缓解１例，死亡２例。提示联合应用ＴＩＬ和ＩＬ－２可以提高病人免疫力，在质和量两方面提高ＰＢＬ中的ＣＤ_３、ＣＤ_４和ＣＤ_８水平，近期疗效较好。     

急性胰腺炎患者血脂和载脂蛋白水平的初步观察

本文测定了２３例急性胰腺炎（ＡＰ）患者和２３例健康对照组的血清甘油三酯（ＴＧ）与胆固醇（ＴＣ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＶＬＤＬ－Ｃ）和载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏｓ）ＡⅠ、Ｂ１００、ＣⅡ、ＣⅢ。结果表明与对照组比较，ＡＰ患者的ＴＧ（Ｐ＜０．０１）、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ（Ｐ＜０．０５）和ＡｐｏＢ１００（Ｐ＜０．０１）明显增高；与治疗前相比较，ＡＰ患者用大承气汤为基本方的中西医结合治疗措施治疗后的ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ和ＡｐｏＢ１００未能降低（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示ＡＰ患者存在脂质和Ａｐｏｓ的异常，特点是高ＴＧ及ＬＤＬ－Ｃ增高，ＡｐｏＢ１００明显增高。     

使用抗淋巴制剂治疗难治性排斥反应的临床观察

目的观察抗胸腺细胞球蛋白（ＡＴＧ）和单克隆抗体ＣＤ３（ＯＫＴ３）对难治性排斥反应的疗效。方法８７例患者,其中ＡＴＧ组１３例,平均治疗总量１０００ｍｇ;ＯＫＴ３组７４例,平均治疗总量４５ｍｇ。结果ＡＴＧ组对急性加速性排斥反应治愈２例;对急性排斥反应治愈７例;总有效率为６９２３％（９／１３）。ＯＫＴ３组对急性加速性排斥反应治愈率为９０００％（２７／３０）;对急性排斥反应治愈率为９０４７％（３８／４２）;总有效率为９０２８％（６５／７２）与ＡＴＧ组有显著性差异（Ｐ＜００５）。其中对再次移植患者的各种急性排斥反应有效率为９１６７％（１１／１２）。结论ＯＫＴ３治疗难治性排斥反应的效果优于ＡＴＧ,尤其对再次移植患者,但对慢性排斥反应患者无效     

再次肾移植的临床研究

目的 探讨影响再次肾移植效果的因素。方法 对再次肾移植的４３例患者按术后用药方案的不同分２个组进行回顾性分析。结果 术后急性排斥反应（ＡＲ）的发生率为２７．９％急性肾小管坏死（ＡＴＮ）的发生率为２３．３％，移植后人／肾、１、３、５年存活率分别为８２．４％／６４．７％、７８．３％／６０．９％、６６．７％／５５．５％。环孢素Ａ（ＣｓＡ）组和抗淋巴细胞球蛋白组人／肾１年存活率分别为７７．８％／５５．６％     

尸体肾移植术后延迟应用环孢素A的临床研究

目的 探讨肾移植术后延迟应用环孢素A(CsA)并结合预防性使用抗人淋巴细胞球蛋白(ALG)的四联免疫抑制剂顺序用药对移植肾早期功能的影响。方法 观察并比较90例延迟应用CsA的四联顺序用药(实验组)和215例肾移植术后立即应用CsA(对照组)的近期疗效。结果 实验组移植肾功能恢复快(P<0.01),急性肾小管坏死(ATN)发生率明显降低(P<0.01);两组急性排斥及巨细胞病毒感染发生率均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 肾移植术后延迟应用CsA并结合预防性应用ALG是一种理想的用药方案。     

Antilymphocyte globulin versus OKT3 induction therapy in cadaveric kidney transplantation: a prospective randomized study.

Different induction therapies have been used in renal transplantation to avoid cyclosporine (CsA) nephrotoxicity and early acute graft rejection. This study compares the efficacy of a short course of prophylactic OKT3 to that of antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) in preventing acute renal allograft rejection when administered concomitantly with CsA and steroids. Between March 1988 and December 1990, 140 first-cadaver renal transplant recipients were randomly allocated to two immunosuppression groups--ALG group (n = 68): ALG 15 mg/kg just before transplant surgery, ALG 12 mg/kg the first day after transplant, followed by four doses of 10 mg/kg on alternate days; and OKT3 group (n = 72): OKT3 5 mg just before transplant, followed by four doses of 5 mg/d. Both groups included low-dose CsA and steroids. The incidence of rejection during the first 3 months after transplantation was 15% in the ALG group and 19% in the OKT3 group (NS). Kaplan-Meier estimates of patients free of rejection at 2 years was 85% in the ALG group and 77% in the OKT3 group (NS). The 3-year actuarial graft survival was 82% and 85% (NS), and 3-year patient survival was 97% and 98% (NS), in the ALG and OKT3 groups, respectively. These results indicate that the concomitant association of CsA and ALG or OKT3 constitutes a safe and effective therapeutic strategy that provides a low incidence of rejection and gives good results for patient and graft survival.     

肾移植术后早期无尿或少尿的诊治(附66例报告)

目的:探讨肾移植术后早期无尿或少尿的原因及诊治方法.方法:回顾性分析66例肾移植术后早期无尿或少尿患者的发生情况.并分别应用以FK506或CsA为主的免疫抑制剂(FK506/CA+MMF+Pred)等综合治疗方案.结果:66例肾移植术后早期无尿或少尿的主要原因是急性肾小管坏死(77.27%),其次是急性排斥反应(10.61%),其中有2例移植肾原发无功能和移植肾破裂、肾动脉栓塞各1例术后切除移植肾.FK506组的34例移植肾功能在术后5～35天内均恢复正常,CsA组有1例因急性排斥反应合并严重肺部感染而死亡,24例移植肾功能在术后7～48天内均恢复正常,3例血肌酐在142～215 μmol/L之间.结论:肾移植术后早期出现无尿或少尿后应及时分析原因,并给予相应的综合治疗.FK506+MMF+Pred的三联免疫治疗有助于移植肾功能的早期恢复.     

Sequential antilymphoblast globulin and cyclosporine for renal transplantation

The nephrotoxic effects of cyclosporine (CsA) seem to be augmented by co-existing renal injury. A high rate of prolonged delayed function (acute tubular necrosis [ATN]) and non-function (NF) has been associated with the use of CsA prior to and following renal transplantation. Cyclosporine has also been associated with a slower recovery of allograft function and poor baseline renal function even in allografts that function immediately compared with conventionally treated recipients. In 1983 we hypothesized that the rate of ATN and NF following renal transplantation could be decreased and more normal kidney function achieved if renal injury was resolved before adding the nephrotoxic effects of CsA. A group of 300 nonsplenectomized, uremic recipients have received 304 renal transplants and have been initially immunosuppressed with azathioprine, prednisone, and Minnesota antilymphoblast globulin (ALG) prior to starting maintenance CsA and prednisone. The incidence of NF has been 1.9% and the development of ATN has been 7.6% following transplantation with sequential use of ALG and CsA. Other benefits to the renal recipient have also occurred with use of this immunotherapy protocol. Renal allograft survival for recipients of first, second, and third renal allografts has been higher than that generally reported with cyclosporine and prednisone alone. Rejection episodes have been infrequent during the first six months posttransplant, as 75% and 62% of first and second renal allograft recipients have remained rejection-free. Clinically significant infectious complications were infrequent. No cadaver recipient has developed a lymphoma. Moreover, the initial hospitalization following transplantation with sequential ALG/CsA has been short and generally uncomplicated. We conclude that sequential ALG/CsA following renal transplantation provides excellent early posttransplant immunosuppression while avoiding the nephrotoxic effects of CsA and also provides the steroid and infection-sparing benefits derived from maintenance CsA therapy.     

Monoclonal analysis of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in kidney allografts

To evaluate changes in T-lymphocyte subsets and DR expression on tubular cells, 74 fine-needle allograft aspirates (FNAB) were evaluated in 31 patients with cadaver kidney transplants. Monoclonal antibodies against T helper CD4+, cytotoxic/suppressor CD8+, and HLA-DR were used with an indirect alkaline-phosphatase-staining technique. Cases with acute rejection (n = 11) showed a significant increase of CD8+: CD4+ ratio versus those with stable function (n = 21), acute tubular necrosis (n = 10) or CsA toxicity (n = 7) (ANOVA F = 10; P less than 0.01). Cases with chronic rejection or CMV infection showed no differences in the CD8+: CD4+ ratio with the other groups. DR expression on tubular cells was frequently found in cases of acute rejection, chronic rejection and CMV (73%, 66%, and 43% respectively), occasionally found in CsA toxicity (14%), but never seen in controls or ATN. Both tests, the CD8+: CD4+ ratio and the DR expression on tubular cells, had a high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating acute rejection versus controls, acute tubular necrosis, and CsA toxicity. When both tests are taken together no case without rejection showed a CD8+:CD4+ ratio greater than 1.6 and DR expression on tubular cells. Cases with acute rejection who lost the graft (n = 6) had a CD8+:CD4+ ratio significantly greater than those who responded to antirejection therapy (n = 5) (t = 2.9; P less than 0.05).     

达利珠单抗和OKT3预防肾移植术后急性排斥反应的比较

目的　比较达利珠单抗和OKT3预防肾移植术后早期急性排斥反应的效果。方法　肾移植受者在使用环孢素A(或他克莫司 )、霉酚酸酯及激素预防急性排斥反应的基础上加用达利珠单抗 (42例 )或OKT3(12 8例 ) ,观察 2个组肾移植术后 3个月内急性排斥反应发生率。结果　肾移植术后 3个月内 ,使用达利珠单抗者急性排斥反应发生率为 2 .4 % ,明显低于使用OKT3者的13.3% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且前者无耐激素者 ,急性排斥反应的发生时间推迟 ,血肌酐恢复正常的时间也早于使用OKT3者。结论　达利珠单抗预防肾移植术后急性排斥反应的效果优于OKT3。     

Tacrolimus in induction immunosuppressive treatment in renal transplantation: comparison with cyclosporine

The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of induction immunosuppression therapies based on tacrolimus or cyclosporine (CsA) in kidney transplantation. The 240 kidney allograft recipients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=94) received tacrolimus (.01 mg/kg per day), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, 2 g/d), and steroids (30 mg/d); and group 2 (n=146) CsA (6 mg/kg per day), MMF (2 g/d), and steroids (30 mg/d). Antilymphocyte serum was administered in cases of acute tubular necrosis. The acute rejection rate was higher among group 2 (30.6%) compared with group 1 patients (12.2%) (P=.001). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, gender, body surface area, serologic virus markers (in donor and recipient), baseline creatinine levels, cause of death, HLA incompatibilities, response to acute tubular necrosis, and number of dialysis sessions. We conclude that both immunosuppressive regimens are effective and safe in kidney transplantation. The survival rates of patients and grafts were similar, but the incidence and degree of acute rejection events were reduced in group 1; this finding may forecast a decreased incidence of chronic renal allograft nephropathy.     

环孢素A转换为他克莫司对慢性移植肾肾病患者的治疗效果

目的 探讨由环孢素A(CsA)转换为他克莫司(Tac)为主的免疫抑制方案对慢性移植肾肾病(CAN)患者的治疗效果.方法 选择接受同种肾移植后发生CAN的患者153例,患者肾移植后均采用CsA、吗替麦考酚酯(MMF)及泼尼松(Pred)的免疫抑制方案.根据是否以Tac替换CsA将患者分为两组.(1)CsA组:45例,进入研究后患者维持原免疫抑制方案.(2)Tac组:108例,进入研究后将CsA转换为Tac,停用CsA后立即开始服用Tac,MMF和Pred的用法同CsA组.对所有患者随访12个月,观察人/移植肾存活率、急性排斥反应发生率、移植肾功能、24 h尿蛋白定量、移植肾穿刺病理学活检及免疫抑制剂的不良反应等指标.结果 随访12个月时,CsA组和Tac组患者存活率均为100%,移植肾存活率分别为86.6%和93.5%(P＜0.05);急性排斥反应发生率分别为4.4%(2/45)和3.7%(4/108)(P＞0.05),6例发生急性排斥反应的患者均经甲泼尼龙冲击治疗3 d后逆转.Tac组患者移植肾功能明显改善,并且出现重度蛋白尿、重度肾间质纤维化和肾小管萎缩的患者比例较CsA组显著减少(P＜0.05).Tac组有13.8%(15例)的患者出现轻度血糖增高,发生率显著高于CsA组的4.4%(2例)(P＜0.05);Tac组有22.2%(24例)的患者发生高血压,发生率显著低于CsA组的55.6%(25例)(P＜0.05);17例因使用CsA而出现牙龈增生和多毛症者,经转换治疗后,症状均明显好转.结论 由CsA转换为Tac为主的免疫抑制方案能够显著改善CAN患者的移植肾功能,延缓CAN的发展,转换过程中未发生严重Tac不良反应并且改善了使用CsA时出现的不良反应.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of conversion from cyclosporine A (CsA) to tacrolimus (Tac) on chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). Methods 153 CAN patients undergoing kidney transplantation received CsA, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and prednisone (CsA-MMF-Pred) regimen after kidney transplantation, and divided into 2 groups according to whether CsA were maintained in the immunosuppressive regimen: CsA + MMF + Pred group (CsA group, n = 45); Tac + MMF + Pred group (Tac group, n = 108). The patients were followed up with patient/kidney survival rate, acute rejection incidence, renal function, 24-h proteinuria and adverse events of immunosuppressive drugs for 12 months. Results Compared with CsA group, the transplanted kidney survival rate was significantly higher in Tac group (93. 5 % vs 86.6 %, P＜0. 05). Acute rejection (AR) was diagnosed in 4. 4 % (2/45) of recipients in CsA group and 3. 7 % (4/108) in Tac group (P＞0. 05) respectively. Acute rejection (2 cases in CsA group and 4 in Tac group) was reversed by 500 mg of methylprednisolone for consecutive 3 days, and the patients in Tac group showed a significantly lower degree of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA) (P＜0. 05).Renal allograft functions and 24-h proteinuria during a follow-up period of 12 months were significantly improved in Tac group (P ＜ 0. 05). Incidence of mild hyperglycemia in Tac Group (13.8 %, 15/108) was significantly higher than in CsA group (4.4 %, 2/45), and that of hypertension in Tac group (22. 2 %, 24/108) was significantly lower than in CsA group (55.6 %,25/45). CsA-related side effects (such as hirsutism and gingival hypertrophy) in 17 patients were greatly improved after conversion from CsA to Tac treatment. Conclusion The conversion from CsA to Tac on the patients with CAN can improve renal allograft function, retard the progression of renal allograft dysfunction, reduce the incidence of CsA-related side effects and not generate serious adverse effects of Tac.     

Detrimental effect of cyclosporine on initial function of cadaver renal allografts following extended preservation. Results of a randomized prospective study

We report herein the results of a randomized prospective trial comparing maintenance cyclosporine (CsA)-prednisone immunosuppression to a regimen of azathioprine-prednisone-antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) in cadaver renal transplant recipients. Fifty-six patients were entered into this study with 31 assigned to the ALG group and 25 to the CsA group. These two groups were well matched for most major determinants of graft outcome and the mean renal preservation time was 37 hr in each group. The incidence of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) was high in both groups (58% ALG, 72% CsA, NS). There were five cases of primary nonfunction in the CsA group and only one in the ALG group (P = .05). Of the kidneys that functioned, the mean serum creatinine nadir (1.5 vs. 2.2 mg/dl, P = .06) and the mean number of days to reach the serum creatinine nadir (24.2 vs. 43.3 days, P = .03) were both less in the ALG group. The actuarial one-year graft survival rate in the ALG and CsA groups is 78% and 48%, respectively (P less than .05). This difference is mainly due to the large number of primary nonfunctioning grafts in the latter group, which we attribute to the effect of CsA's nephrotoxicity superimposed on renal ischemia incurred prior to transplantation. These data emphasize that, in order to realize the full benefit of CsA in cadaver transplantation, renewed emphasis must be placed on minimizing ischemic renal damage.