NDPK／nm23在胆囊,胆管癌中的表达及临床意义

为探讨核苷二磷酸激酶／ｎｍ２３（ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３）在胆囊、胆管癌中的表达及临床意义，用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法对４１例胆囊癌、１２例胆管癌ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３表达进行了测定。结果发现：ｎｍ２３在恶性肿瘤中的表达率明显高于良性病变（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３表达与胆囊及胆管癌组织的分化、局部浸润及淋巴转移密切相关（Ｐ＜０．０５），提示：ｎｍ２３检测对正确估计肿瘤的侵袭性、淋巴转移潜能及预后有重要价值。     

脑转移瘤中mtp53,二磷酸核苷激酶／nm23—H1的表达和临床 …

目的 探讨突变体ｐ５３蛋白（ｍｔｐ５３）和二磷酸核苷激酶（ＮＤＰＫ）／ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１在脑转移瘤中的表达和预后关系。方法 采用免疫组织化学卵白素－生物素复合物（ＡＢＣ）法检测ｍｔｐ５３和ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１在３１例脑转移瘤中的表达。结果３１例中１９例（６１．３％）ｍｔｐ５３、４例（１２．９％）ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１表达阳性细胞。ｍｔｐ５３与ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１表达呈负相关。ｍｔｐ５３阳性     

青年期大肠癌nm23／NDPK蛋白的表达及意义（附30例报告）

目的：探讨青年期大肠癌中肿瘤转移抑制基因ｎｍ２３／ＮＤＰＫ蛋白的表达情况及其生物学特性的关系。方法：采用免疫组织化学Ｓ－Ｐ方法检测３０例青年期大肠癌癌组织中ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１基因产物／核苷二磷酸激酶（ｎｍ２３／ＮＤＰＫ）的表达,结果：青年期大肠癌ｎｍ２３／ＮＤＰＫ表达阳性率６３．３３％,在组织分化低、原发灶浸润程度（Ｔ３、Ｔ４）、淋巴结及远处转移,ＤｕｋｅｓＣ、Ｄ期和血清ＣＥＡ阳性的大肠癌中表达明显减     

胰腺癌组织中bcl-2、NDPK/nm23和p16蛋白表达的意义

目的 探讨ｂｃｌ－２、ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３和ｐ１６蛋白在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其意义。方法 应用免疫组织化学方法检测ｂｃｌ－２、ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３和ｐ１６蛋白在３４例胰腺癌组织中的表达。结果 本组３４例胰腺癌组织中ｂｃｌ－２、ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３和ｐ１６蛋白阳性表达率分别为６５％、６１％和５０％,其表达与肿瘤的临床分期及病理分化程度有较好的对应关系。淋巴结转移组ｂｃｌ－２、ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３和ｐ１６蛋白     

胆囊癌组织中NDPK／nm23的表达及意义

作者用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法对４１例胆囊癌标本核苷二磷酸激酶（ＮＤＰＫ，下同）／ｎｍ２３表达进行了测定，结果发现：ｎｍ２３在恶性肿瘤中的表达率明显高于良性病变（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３表达与胆囊癌组织的分化、局部浸润及淋巴转移密切相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３阳性患者生存中位数１２．２５个月，阴性患者６．５个月，两者存在显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），提示ｎｍ２３检测对预后有重要价值。     

nm23基因产物／NDPK在膀胱癌中的表达及其临床意义

ｎｍ２３基因产物／ＮＤＰＫ在膀胱癌中的表达及其临床意义程伟邵国兴赵世平康安静ｎｍ２３具有肿瘤转移抑制基因的特征，编码具有核苷二磷酸激酶（ＮＤＰＫ）活性的蛋白质。但临床及细胞转染实验显示ｎｍ２３的转移抑制作用具有组织学特异性。本实验采用免疫组化技术检测...     

胆道癌NDPK/nm23的表达及意义

目的　研究转移抑制基因ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３ 在胆道良恶性病变中的表达及与转移性的关系。方法　４３ 例胆囊腺癌,２０ 例胆管癌,８ 例胆囊腺瘤和５ 例胆囊炎的石蜡包埋组织切片,经免疫胶体金方法（ＩＧＳＳ）染色,并在显微镜下计数阳性细胞。结果　胆囊腺癌中ＮＤＰＫ 在转移性及非转移性肿瘤中的表达率分别为２３．５％ （４／１７） ,和３４．６％（９／２６） ,两者间无显著性差异（ Ｐ＞ ０．０５）,而胆管癌中分别为１４．３％（１／７）和４６．１％ （６／１３）,两者间有显著性差异（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。ＮＤＰＫ在良恶性病变中的表达无显著性差异,并与肿瘤的病理分级无关。结论　ｎｍ２３ 基因可能在胆囊腺癌和胆管癌的转移过程中起不同的调节作用,其表达程度与胆管癌的转移呈负相关而与胆囊腺癌的转移无关。     

nm23-H1/NDPK在原发性胆囊癌中的表达及其意义

ｎｍ２３Ｈ１／ＮＤＰＫ的表达与人类多种恶性肿瘤转移潜能呈负相关，本组采用免疫组化ＳＰ法研究ｎｍ２３Ｈ１／ＮＤＰＫ在原发性胆囊癌中的表达及其意义。１．材料与方法：收集原发性胆囊癌４３例，胆囊腺瘤１０例、慢性胆囊炎４５例组织标本，均经１０％甲醛固定，...     

nm23基因在前列腺癌中的表达与癌转移的关系

应用ＬＳＡＢ免疫组织化学染色方法，研究转移抑制基因ｎｍ２３表达产物二磷酸核苷激酶（ＮＤＰＫ）在前列腺癌中的表达及其意义。结果表明，ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３在前列腺癌中有较高的表达，阳性率为５００％（２０／４０）。无前列腺癌转移者其阳性率为６６７％（１２／１８），有前列腺癌转移者其阳性率为３６４％（８／２２），两者比较差异有显著性（Ｐ＜００５），并与前列腺癌分化程度和临床分期有显著相关。因此，ｎｍ２３基因可能在前列腺癌形成及转移过程中起不同的调节作用，其表达程度与前列腺癌转移呈负相关，有可能成为评价前列腺癌病人预后的一项新指标。     

转移抑制基因 nm23 研究现状

ｎｍ２３是一种转移抑制基因，人类ｎｍ２３基因位于１７号染色体长臂（１７ｑ２２），分两个亚型ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１和ｎｍ２３－Ｈ２，其编码产生的蛋白质即二磷酸核苷激酶（ＮＤＰＫ），ｎｍ２３基因通过ＮＤＰＫ调节细胞信号传递和分化。大量实验表明，ｎｍ２３基因与肿瘤转移明显相关，本文综述了ｎｍ２３基因抑制肿瘤转移的机制及与肿瘤转移之间的关系。     

Fas配体mRNA在正常睾丸组织及精原细胞瘤中的表达

为明确Fas配体mRNA在正常睾丸组织及精原细胞瘤中的表达情况，采用原位杂交，反转录PCR（RT－PCR）法检测正常睾丸组织8例Fas配体mRNA的表达，采用原位杂交法检测33例精原细胞瘤组织中的Fas配体mRNA的表达。结果RT－PCR方法证明正常人睾丸组织中有Fas配体mRNA的表达；原位杂交法证明8例正常睾丸组织中均有Fas配体mRNA的表达，且表达局限于睾丸Sertoli细胞，正常生殖细胞中无Fas配体mRNA的表达；原位杂交方法在33例精原细胞瘤组织中检测到Fas配体mRNA表达阳性11例，阳性率为33．33％，多呈现小片状或点状表达。提示Fas配体mRNA仅表达于人类睾丸的Sertoli细胞中，Fas配体mRNA在精原细胞瘤组织中的出现可能是精原细胞瘤形成及进展的原因。     

Fas在正常睾丸组织及精原细胞瘤中的表达

目的 :明确Fas在正常睾丸组织及精原细胞瘤中的表达情况。　方法 :采用免疫细胞化学、原位杂交、反转录PCR(RT PCR)法检测 8例正常睾丸组织及 34例精原细胞瘤组织中Fas蛋白及FasmRNA的表达。　结果 :免疫组织化学方法发现在正常睾丸组织中的 3类主要细胞 (Leydig细胞、Sertoli细胞及生殖细胞 )中均有Fas分子表达 ;免疫组织化学和原位杂交方法在精原细胞瘤中检测到Fas表达阳性率分别为 41.18%和 38.2 4% ,表达水平明显减低或丧失 ,多呈现小片状或点状表达 ;RT PCR方法证明正常人睾丸组织中有FasmRNA的表达。　结论 :Fas在精原细胞瘤中的表达明显减少或丧失可能是精原细胞瘤形成及进展的原因。     

Commentary on “Predicting metastasized seminoma using gene expression.” Ruf CG,Linbecker M,Port M,Riecke A,Schmelz HU,Wagner W,Meineke V,Abend M,Department of Urology,Federal Armed Forces Hospital,Hamburg, Germany : BJU Int 2012;110:E14

Treatment options for testis cancer depend on the histological subtype as well as on the clinical stage. An accurate staging is essential for correct treatment. The ‘golden standard’ for staging purposes is CT, but occult metastasis cannot be detected with this method. Currently, parameters such as primary tumour size, vessel invasion or invasion of the rete testis are used for predicting occult metastasis. Last year the association of these parameters with metastasis could not be validated in a new independent cohort. Gene expression analysis in testis cancer allowed discrimination between the different histological subtypes (seminoma and non-seminoma) as well as testis cancer and normal testis tissue. In a two-stage study design we (i) screened the whole genome (using human whole genome microarrays) for candidate genes associated with the metastatic stage in seminoma and (ii) validated and quantified gene expression of our candidate genes (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction) on another independent group. Gene expression measurements of two of our candidate genes (dopamine receptor D1 [DRD1] and family with sequence similarity 71, member F2 [FAM71F2]) examined in primary testis cancers made it possible to discriminate the metastasis status in seminoma. The discriminative ability of the genes exceeded the predictive significance of currently used histological/pathological parameters. Based on gene expression analysis the present study provides suggestions for improved individual decision making either in favour of early adjuvant therapy or increased surveillance.ObjectiveTo evaluate the usefulness of gene expression profiling for predicting metastatic status in testicular seminoma at the time of first diagnosis compared with established clinical and pathological parameters.Patients and methodsTotal RNA was isolated from testicular tumours of metastasized patients (12 patients, clinical stage IIa-III), non-metastasized patients (40, clinical stage I) and adjacent ‘normal’ tissue (n = 36). The RNA was then converted into cDNA and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was run on 94 candidate genes selected from previous work. Normalised gene expression of these genes and histological variables, e.g. tumour size and rete testis infiltration, were analysed using logistic regression analysis.ResultsExpression of two genes (dopamine receptor D1 [DRD1] and family with sequence similarity 71, member F2 [FAM71F2], P = 0.005 and 0.024 in separate analysis and P = 0.004 and 0.016 when combining both genes, respectively) made it possible to significantly discriminate the metastasis status. Concordance increased from 77.9% (DRD1) and 72.3% (FAM71F2) in separate analysis and up to 87.7% when combining both genes in one model. Only primary tumour size in separate analysis (continuous or categorical with tumour size>6 cm) was significantly associated with metastasis (P = 0.039/P = 0.02), but concordance was lower (61%). When we combined tumour size with our two genes in one model there was no further statistical improvement or increased concordance.ConclusionBased on gene expression analysis our study provides suggestions for improved individual decision making either in favour of early adjuvant therapy or increased surveillance.     

Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in stage 1 germ cell tumours of the testis

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether angiogenesis can be used as an additional prognostic indicator in patients with stage 1 germ cell tumours of the testis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Paraffin sections were assessed immunohistochemically from 51 patients with clinical stage 1 germ cell tumours of the testis (28 seminoma, 23 teratoma) treated by orchidectomy and surveillance only. Sections were analysed for microvascular density (MVD), and expression of the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP). In addition, in the seminoma cases the presence of mRNA for the lymphangiogenic factor VEGF-C was examined by in situ hybridization, and its corresponding receptor VEGFR-3 by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Teratoma specimens had a significantly higher mean (range) MVD (85, 26-163; P < 0.01) than both seminoma (37, 16-91) and four normal specimens (26, 18-30). Teratoma specimens also had significantly higher VEGF expression than both seminoma and normal specimens (P < 0.01). Despite these differences between groups, and indeed individual tumours, there was no significant correlation between MVD and VEGF, or between either MVD or VEGF and relapse-free survival. TP expression was significantly greater in tumours than in normal specimens (P < 0.02) but with very little inter-tumour variation. VEGF-C mRNA and VEGFR-3 protein were detected in a third to a half of cases, with expression mostly around endothelial vessels. CONCLUSIONS: The marked differences between normal testis and tumours implicate angiogenesis in the biology of germ cell tumours of the testis. In addition, the detection of factors involved in lymphangiogenesis in some seminomas, tumours which initially metastasize primarily to lymph nodes, indicate that although not prognostic in this study, further studies are warranted in both these areas in the search for further prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets.     

组织芯片技术检测人睾丸基因TDRG1在睾丸肿瘤组织中的表达

目的:探讨人睾丸基因TDRG1在睾丸肿瘤组织中的蛋白表达及其病理学意义。方法:运用组织芯片技术、免疫组化法检测人睾丸特异基因TDRG1在睾丸肿瘤组织和正常睾丸组织中的表达。结果:15例正常人睾丸对照组中11例(73.3%)TDRG1蛋白表达为阳性;26例精原细胞瘤中7例(26.9%)TDRG1蛋白表达为阳性,7例畸胎瘤中4例(57.1%)TDRG1蛋白表达为阳性。而12例胚胎癌中10例(83.3%)TDRG1蛋白表达为阳性,10例卵黄囊瘤中8例(80.0%)TDRG1蛋白表达为阳性。精原细胞瘤实验组与正常人睾丸对照组相比较,两组间具有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。畸胎瘤实验组与正常人睾丸对照组相比较,两组间具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。而胚胎癌组和卵黄囊瘤组与正常人睾丸对照组相比较,没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:TDRG1蛋白在精原细胞瘤和畸胎瘤的表达水平较正常对照睾丸组织显著降低,TDRG1可能为候选的抑癌基因。     

胃癌中E-cadherin和nm23-h1的表达与转移的关系

目的探讨E-cadherin和nm23-h1表达与胃癌侵袭转移及相关临床病理学的关系。方法应用免疫组化SP法,检测84例癌组织和正常胃黏膜组织中E-cadherin和nm23-h1的表达水平,结合肿瘤的侵袭转移能力及相关临床病理学进行分析。结果84例肝癌组织中E-cadherin、nm23-h1的表达强度均弱于正常组织中的表达;E-cadherin和nm23-h1的表达强度与肿瘤的分化程度、侵袭转移能力及生存时间密切相关;对E-cadherin和nm23-h1在正常胃和癌组织、有侵袭转移组中的表达进行相关性分析,均具有明显正相关。结论E-cadherin和nm23-h1的表达水平能反映胃癌的分化程度和侵袭转移能力;两种蛋白的表达水平之间呈明显正相关;联合检测两种蛋白在肿瘤组织中的表达,对临床判断胃癌的预后有一定的指导意义。     

The clinical significance of extratesticular originating tumors (author's transl)]

A case of large retroperitoneal metastasis of a seminoma is demonstrated. The primary tumor was impossible to recognize clinically. The extremely scarred primary tumor was at last discovered histologically in the normal appearing testis on the same side. This experience leads to the conclusion that the diagnosis "extratesticular originating testicular tumor" not be accepted unless a "burned-out" tumor can be exluded histologically in the ipsilateral testis.     

nm23基因在人胰腺癌中的表达及其意义

目的：探讨nm23/NDPK癌基因在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法：采用免疫组化SP法，对40例胰腺癌组织及14例正常胰腺组织进行nm23／NDPK癌基因检测。结果：40例胰腺癌组织中有26例nm23/NDPK表达阳性，占65．0％；14例正常胰腺组织中仅4例nm23/NDPK表达阳性，占28．6％，两者差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05）。低分化腺癌nm23/NDPK表达阳性率为90．9％，明显高于高分化胰腺癌（25．0％），P＜0．05。nm23/NDPK表达阳性率在淋巴结转移阳性者为71．4％（10／14），明显高于淋巴结转移阴性者（31．6％，6／19），P＜0．05。提示胰腺癌nm23/NDPK表达与淋巴结转移及肿瘤侵袭性呈正相关，与癌组织的分化程度呈负相关。结论：nm23／NDPK表达可作为胰腺癌恶性程度及预后不良的生物学指标之一。     

Rare solitary metastasis to subcutaneous tissue from choriocarcinoma of testis

A rare case of solitary metastasis to subcutaneous tissue from choriocarcinoma of the testis which was predominantly seminoma is reported. The propensity for vascular route of metastasis of this tumor type producing the patient's clinical picture is presented. The human beta chorionic gonadotropin tumor marker elevation to 4,200 units preoperatively fell to normal two weeks postoperatively, suggesting a solitary metastatic site with total tumor extirpation. Nevertheless, it seemed prudent to give chemotherapy because the nature of the metastatic route suggested other microscopic sites of metastasis. The prognosis of this highly malignant neoplasm, while poorest of the array of testis tumors, has improved dramatically with the advent of effective chemotherapy.     

E-cadherin和nm23-H1的表达及其临床意义在胰腺癌

目的探讨上皮细胞钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）和转移抑制基因（nm23-H1）表达与胰腺癌侵袭转移的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学技术SP法，检测31例癌组织中E-cadherin和nm23-H1的表达水平。结合肿瘤的侵袭转移能力、分化程度和分期等进行分析。结果31例胰腺癌组织中E-cadherin和nm23-H1的表达强度均低于对照的胰腺组织；E-cadherin和nm23-H1的表达强度与胰腺癌的远处转移能力密切相关；胰腺癌中E-cadherin和nm23-H1的表达具有明显正相关。结论E-cadherin和nm23-H1的表达水平能反映胰腺癌的侵袭转移能力。两种蛋白的表达水平之间呈明显正相关。联合检测两种蛋白在胰腺癌组织中的表达，对临床判断胰腺癌的预后可能有一定的意义。