前列腺增生患者前列腺按摩液内胆固醇的检测及意义

本研究报告了１６例前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）患者、１８例前列腺炎患者和２９例不同年龄正常男性前列腺按摩液（ＥＰＳ）内总胆固醇、非酯化胆固醇测定结果。显示前列腺内胆固醇组成与血浆不同，以游离形式为主；ＢＰＨ患者ＥＰＳ内胆固醇异常增高，结果提示游离胆固醇在腺体内的积聚与ＢＰＨ等病理状态有关，降前列腺胆固醇药物对ＢＰＨ可能具有一定的治疗价值。     

前列腺增生症术后性功能障碍

前列腺增生症术后性功能障碍孔良王伟明叶敏我们调查了２４７例因良性前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）行耻骨上前列腺摘除术（ＳＰＰ）或经尿道前列腺切除术（ＴＵＲＰ）患者术后性功能障碍的发生率，并探讨其可能的原因。病人与方法：本组２４７例中ＳＰＰ１１４例，ＴＵＲＰ１３...     

前列腺增生组织中NOS神经的定量分析及意义

为探讨一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）与前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）及膀胱出口梗阻（ＢＯＯ）发病的关系，应用ＮＡＤＰＨ组化染色结合形态学定量分析方法检测ＢＰＨ及正常前列腺组织中ＮＯＳ神经，同时分析ＮＯＳ神经与ＢＰＨ临床表现的关系。结果：ＢＰＨ及正常前列腺组织中均存在ＮＯＳ神经，它们主要分布于间质平滑肌细胞周围，ＢＰＨ组织中的ＮＯＳ神经明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０１），前列腺组织中ＮＯＳ神经的长度密度与ＢＰＨ的临床表现相关。结果认为：ＢＰＨ及ＢＯＯ的发病与前列腺组织中的ＮＯＳ神经减少有关     

良性前列腺增生组织中一氧化氮合酶活性的变化

为探讨一氧化氮（ＮＯ）与良性前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）发病的关系，应用双波长分光光度法测定１５例正常前列腺及２５例ＢＰＨ组织中一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性，并比较不同年龄组的正常前列腺及ＢＰＨ组织中ＮＯＳ活性水平。结果：ＢＰＨ组织中ＮＯＳ活性（９６．７７±２８．０２ｐｍｏｌ．ｍｇ－１．ｍｉｎ－１）明显低于正常前列腺者（２９０．９９±１３０．６８ｐｍｏｌ．ｍｇ－１．ｍｉｎ－１），Ｐ＜０．００１。不同年龄组的正常前列腺组织中ＮＯＳ活性水平与年龄无相关关系。而在５０岁、６０岁和≥７０岁三个年龄组之间的ＢＰＨ组织中ＮＯＳ活性水平有显著性差异，Ｐ＜０．０１，ＢＰＨ组织中ＮＯＳ活性水平随年龄增大呈下降趋势。结果提示前列腺组织中ＮＯＳ活性水平与ＢＰＨ有相关关系，ＮＯＳ活性降低可能是ＢＰＨ的年龄依赖性发病原因之一。     

高能量经尿道微波热疗与α-阻滞剂治疗前列腺增生症的前瞻性随机比较

前瞻性地研究治疗良性前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ），随机地选取５２例有症状的ＢＰＨ接受α阻滞剂特拉唑嗪（ｔｅｒａｚｏｓｉｎ）治疗；另随机地选取５１例患者在局麻下行高能量经尿道微波治疗。治疗前和治疗后６个月进行国际前列腺症状评分（ＩＰＳＳ）、生活质量评分和测...     

前列腺体积对前列腺特异抗原的影响

目的：研究前列腺特异怕（ＰＳＡ）与前列腺增生腺体体积的关系及其在前列腺癌（ＰＣａ）诊断中的价值。方法：７５例前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）患者根据其ＰＳＡ〉或≤４μｇ／Ｌ分为两组,另有２５例ＰＣａ患者,术后用放射免疫法测定血清ＰＳＡ《所有患者经Ｂ超测出前列腺体积,用ｔ检验和相关分析研究各组间的差异及相关性。结果：ＰＳＡ〉４μｇ／Ｌ的ＢＰＨ较之ＰＳＡ≤４μｇ／Ｌ者,腺体体积显著增大且ＰＳＡ和ＰＳＡ密度（ＰＳ     

前列腺部分电切术在高危前列腺增生症中的应用

为了提高高龄高危前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）患者的治疗效果，对７２例高危ＢＰＨ病人采用经尿道部分前列腺电切治疗，平均随访３．５年。结果显示：电切前列腺组织平均１４．４ｇ，占预测前列腺重量的２１．９％；术后ＩＰＳＳ由２６．５±３．７降至１０．２±２．７，最大尿流率由５．９±２．５ｍｌ／ｓ提高至１４．８±２．３ｍｌ／ｓ，而术后再手术率与其他并发症并未增加。切除前列腺组织１０～１５ｇ与１５～２５ｇ两组的术后ＩＰＳＳ、尿流率无明显差异。认为经尿道部分前列腺电切适用于高龄高危ＢＰＨ病人，手术不必刻意追求前列腺切除的重量及彻底性，其效果关键在于切除的部位与方法。     

良性前列腺增生组织NO合酶表达的免疫组化研究

为探讨一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）在良性前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）组织中的表达及其意义，采用免疫组化法对２４例ＢＰＨ组织中ＮＯＳ表达进行检测。结果显示：ＮＯＳ在ＢＰＨ组织神经纤维和神经节均有表达，血管内皮细胞和腺体上皮细胞亦可见ＮＯＳ表达。２４例ＢＰＨ中，外周区强阳性１７例，弱阳性７例；移行区强阳性１０例，弱阳性１４例，两者比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示ＢＰＨ组织中存在一氧化氮（ＮＯ）神经传导通路，ＮＯ可影响前列腺平滑肌张力。     

前列腺增生症的逼尿肌超微结构变化

为了研究前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）引起的膀胱逼尿肌超微结构变化，对１３例ＢＰＨ患者、９例同龄无膀胱颈梗阻（ＢＯＯ）老年人及８例正常青年人逼尿肌进行透射电镜观察。结果发现：ＢＰＨ的逼尿肌超微结构特点为：（１）平滑肌细胞（ＳＭＣ）肥大、扭曲变形，排列不齐；（２）ＳＭＣ之间的间隙明显增宽，内有大量胶原纤维，细胞间中间连接明显减少；（３）肌质膜内小泡小凹明显减少，细胞内肌丝萎缩，排列不齐，细胞器退变。认为ＢＰＨ超微结构变化的结果引起逼尿肌功能改变，从而加速ＢＰＨ的病理生理进程。     

前列腺增生和前列腺癌雌,孕,雄激素受体研究

采用荧光组织化学法测定５０例良性前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ组）、６例前列腺癌（ＰＣ组）和１２例正常前列腺（Ｎ组）的雌激素受体（ＥＲ）、孕激素受体（ＰＲ）和雄激素受体（ＡＲ）。结果显示ＢＰＨ组和ＰＣ组ＥＲ阳性率高于Ｎ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＢＰＨ组ＡＲ阳性率高于ＰＣ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示前列腺组织中性激素受体（ＳＨＲ）的改变与ＢＰＨ和ＰＣ有密切关系，ＰＣ和ＢＰＨ中ＳＨＲ阳性者适用于内分泌治疗。     

Transurethral needle ablation of the prostate: An initial Japanese clinical trial

OBJECTIVES: Transurethral needle ablation of the prostate is a new alternative endoscopic thermal therapy that uses a low-energy radio frequency delivered into the prostatic adenoma. Herein is reported the initial clinical experience by multiple institutes in Japan of transurethral needle ablation of the prostate for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. METHODS: A total of 93 patients were treated with this technique. Transurethral needle ablation of the prostate was generally performed under low-spinal anesthesia. Before and after the procedure, international symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL) score, peak urinary flow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual urine volume and prostate size were evaluated. RESULTS: There was a reduction of IPSS of more than 50% when compared with that of pretreatment, being 51.3% (57/93 patients) and 60.2% (56/93 patients) at 3 months and 6 months after the procedure, respectively. Sixty-seven patients who were available for a 12-month follow-up period demonstrated a markedly decreased mean IPSS when compared with that measured before the treatment for a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01). Fifty-eight patients who were available for uroflowmetric study at 12 months exhibited a notably increased mean Qmax of 11.2 +/- 4.5 mL/s, which was a statistically significant increase when compared with that found before treatment (P < 0.05). Although all patients suffered some degree of gross hematuria after the procedure, none of them required any specific treatment for complications. CONCLUSION: Transurethral needle ablation technique for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia is safe and effective. However, a much longer follow-up study is essential for fully evaluating the extended effectiveness of this technique.     

Transurethral needle ablation for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: outcome after 1 year

PURPOSE: The aims of the study were to evaluate short-term effects on lower urinary tract symptoms and uroflowmetry and assess side effects of transurethral needle ablation of the prostate (TUNA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-six men with a median age 68 years (range 53-77 years) were evaluated with symptom scores and voiding parameters before and at 3 and 12 months after TUNA. All treatments were performed in the outpatient department using topical anesthesia supplemented with sedoanalgesia. RESULTS: The International Prostate Symptom Score had decreased from 21.2 to 10.5 at 12 months postoperatively. Peak urinary flow was 10.9 mL/sec at baseline and was elevated to 13.7 mL/sec after 12 months. Residual urine volumes were unchanged. Postoperative urinary retention developed in 71% of the patients and had a mean duration of 6.3 (range 1-34) days. Postoperative perineal pain was noted by about half of the patients for the first 1 to 2 weeks. Painkillers were frequently used to reduce postoperative pain. CONCLUSIONS: Transurethral needle ablation is a safe procedure suitable for the outpatient clinic. After short-term follow-up, statistically and clinically significant effects were observed on symptoms and uroflow. Long-term follow-up is mandatory to define the future role of this therapy.     

A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED 1-YEAR CLINICAL TRIAL COMPARING TRANSURETHRAL NEEDLE ABLATION TO TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF THE PROSTATE FOR THE TREATMENT OF SYMPTOMATIC BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA

Purpose

We assess the 1-year efficacy and safety of transurethral needle ablation of the prostate compared to transurethral resection of the prostate for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Materials and Methods

A prospective, randomized clinical trial of 121 men 50 years old or older with symptomatic BPH was performed at 7 medical centers across the United States. Of the men 65 (54%) were treated with transurethral needle ablation of the prostate and 56 (46%) underwent transurethral resection of the prostate. Mean and percentage changes from baseline and between cohorts for American Urological Association (AUA) symptom score, AUA bother score, quality of life score, peak urinary flow rate and post-void residual urine volume were measured at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months following treatment. Length of procedure, hospitalization, type of anesthesia, post-procedure catheterization, side effects and sexual function were compared.

Results

Transurethral needle ablation and resection resulted in a statistically significant improvement in AUA symptom, bother and quality of life scores, peak urinary flow rate and post-void residual. At 1-year followup, needle ablation and resection were equally effective in enhancing quality of life. Needle ablation had less effect on sexual function, with resection being associated with a greater incidence of retrograde ejaculation. Needle ablation could be performed as an outpatient procedure with local anesthesia while resection required anesthesia and hospitalization. Needle ablation was associated with markedly fewer side effects than resection.

Conclusions

Compared to transurethral resection of the prostate, transurethral needle ablation of the prostate is an efficacious, minimally invasive treatment for symptomatic BPH that is associated with few side effects.     

Durability and cost-effectiveness of transurethral needle ablation of the prostate as an alternative to transurethral resection of the prostate when alpha-adrenergic antagonist therapy fails

PURPOSE: We analyzed the adverse event profile, long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of transurethral needle ablation of the prostate for lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia as an alternative to transurethral resection of the prostate in men with symptoms uncontrolled by medical therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 71 men on a waiting list for transurethral resection of the prostate after failed medical therapy underwent transurethral needle ablation of the prostate. Symptom scores, uroflowmetry and residual urine were measured before and up to 10 years following treatment. Transrectal ultrasound and pressure flow studies were performed before, and 3 and 12 months following treatment, respectively. Treatment failure was defined as lower urinary tract symptoms progression requiring further therapy or associated with deteriorating quality of life assessment. RESULTS: Apart from transient postoperative urinary retention, no significant treatment emergent adverse events due to transurethral needle ablation of the prostate were observed. Treatment failure occurred in 58 men (83%) at a median of 20 months. A total of 36 men (51%) underwent invasive treatment (transurethral resection of the prostate 33, bladder neck incision 2, microwave thermal ablation 1), 2 men (3%) were deemed unfit for anesthesia and now practice clean intermittent self-catheterization, 14 men (20%) reported improvement following resumption of treatment with an alpha-adrenergic antagonist after transurethral needle ablation of the prostate and 6 men (9%) have experienced deterioration in lower urinary tract symptoms with reduction in quality of life assessment (International Prostate Symptom Score 3 or greater) but have declined further intervention. There were 12 men (17%) who remained symptom-free up to 10 years after transurethral needle ablation of the prostate. The estimated additional cost of treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms per man treated with transurethral needle ablation of the prostate during the 10-year followup was $1,377. CONCLUSIONS: Despite documented safety and lack of morbidity, the high re-treatment rate associated with transurethral needle ablation of the prostate renders it relatively expensive when viewed as a long-term alternative to transurethral resection of the prostate for the management of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia in men in whom medical therapy failed. Of men failing alpha-blockade therapy 20% will benefit from a combination of transurethral needle ablation of the prostate and alpha-blockade.     

THE EFFECTS OF TRANSURETHRAL NEEDLE ABLATION AND RESECTION OF THE PROSTATE ON PRESSURE FLOW URODYNAMIC PARAMETERS: ANALYSIS OF THE UNITED STATES RANDOMIZED STUDY

PURPOSE: We evaluated the effects of transurethral needle ablation and prostate resection on pressure flow urodynamic parameters in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), compared symptomatic and objective parameters of efficacy 6 months after initial treatment, and determined whether urodynamic assessment may predict symptomatic improvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 121 patients with clinical BPH, American Urological Association symptom index of 13 or greater and maximum urinary flow of 12 ml. per second or less in a randomized study comparing transurethral needle ablation to prostate resection at 7 institutions in the United States. Patients underwent baseline and followup assessments at 6 months, including pressure flow studies. RESULTS: Patients who underwent each procedure had statistically and clinically significant improvement in symptom index, BPH impact index and quality of life score. After needle ablation and prostate resection maximum flow improved from 8.8 to 13.5 (p<0.0001) and 8.8 to 20.8 ml. per second (p<0.0001), detrusor pressure at maximum flow decreased from 78.7 to 64.5 (p = 0.036) and 75.8 to 54.9 cm. water (p<0.001), and the Abrams-Griffiths number decreased from 61.2 to 37.2 (p<0.001) and 58.3 to 10.9 (p<0.001), respectively. At 6 months the differences in transurethral needle ablation and prostate resection were significant in terms of maximum flow (p<0.001) and the Abrams-Griffiths number (p<0.001) but not detrusor pressure at maximum flow or symptom assessment tools. The presence or absence of urinary obstruction at baseline did not predict the degree of symptomatic improvement in either treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: Transurethral needle ablation and prostate resection induce statistically and clinically significant improvement in various quantitative symptom assessment questionnaires at 6 months. The parameters of free flow rates and invasive pressure flow studies also significantly improve after each treatment. However, transurethral prostate resection induces a significantly greater decrease in the parameters of obstruction. Baseline urodynamic parameters do not predict the degree of symptomatic improvement and they may not be helpful in patient selection for transurethral needle ablation.     

Combined use of transurethral resection and needle biopsy in the diagnostics of carcinoma of the prostate

On suspicion of prostatic tumour, the authors performed a combination of transurethral resection and needle biopsy to form a safe histological diagnosis as well as to apply an adequate therapy. Transurethral resection combined with needle biopsy is to be performed if patients present with dysuric complaints, and if tumour can be suspected on rectal palpation or based on the clinical picture. This intervention ensures an unequivocal diagnosis and eliminates the urinary obstruction. They also dealt with cases, in which only needle biopsy or transurethral resection could help in forming the correct diagnosis.     

Transurethral ethanol ablation of prostate

Transurethral ethanol ablation of the prostate (TEAP) has emerged among the treatment alternatives to transurethral resection of prostate as a promising minimally invasive therapy that can be performed on an outpatient basis with fewer complications. It was introduced approximately 5 years ago, and to date, 12-month results are encouraging. We herein review the procedure and outcomes of TEAP.     

How do I treat and follow my TUNA patients

Transurethral needle ablation (TUNA) of the prostate is an alternative treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) generating temperatures around 100°C leading to necrotic lesions inside the prostate. TUNA is a minimally invasive, low morbidity associated, approach that uses radiofrequency energy. The needles are covered by teflon shields that protect the urethra from thermal injury. Since the introduction of TUNA, there has been a constant upgrading of the device to improve treatment quality. The main advantage of this therapy is the possibility of an outpatient care due to its anaesthesia-free option with a prostatic block. Catheterisation after the procedure is required in 10–40% of cases. Long-term data (5 years) on TUNA demonstrate a sustained improvement of both IPSS score and urinary flow. About a quarter of patients require further intervention at 5 years’ follow-up. The safety profile, along with the significant improvement in both objective and subjective parameters observed after TUNA, makes it an attractive approach for symptomatic BPH.     

Transurethral Needle Ablation of the Prostate: Report of Initial United States Clinical Trial

Purpose

We studied the efficacy and safety of transurethral needle ablation of the prostate for treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Materials and Methods

A total of 12 patients with symptomatic BPH underwent transurethral needle ablation of the prostate. Voiding outcomes, including American Urological Association symptom scores, bother scores, quality of life scores, peak urinary flow rates, residual urine volumes and urodynamic pressure flows, were measured with time, and immediate and short-term (6 months) complications were assessed.

Results

Transurethral needle ablation of the prostate was performed with local intraurethral lidocaine anesthesia in 11 patients and general anesthesia in 1. At 6 months there was a 61.7 percent improvement in American Urological Association symptom score (25.6 to 9.8, p = 0.0001), 61.1 percent improvement in bother score (18.8 to 7.3, p = 0.0002), 70.0 percent improvement in quality of life score (13.7 to 4.1, p = 0.0001), 73.0 percent increase in peak flow rate (7.8 to 13.5 cc per second, p less than 0.0001) and 54.9 percent decrease in the post-void residual (111 to 50 cc, p = 0.0457). Prostate volumes, maximum detrusor pressures and detrusor opening pressures decreased significantly. There were no intraoperative complications. Postoperatively, all 12 patients had mild dysuria for 1 to 7 days, 5 had transient urinary retention for 1 to 4 days, 3 had hematuria for 1 to 2 days and 1 had retrograde ejaculation.

Conclusions

This initial United States trial confirms previous experience, and shows that transurethral needle ablation of the prostate appears to be a simple, safe and efficacious procedure for treatment of symptomatic BPH. In addition, it can be performed in the majority of patients using topical urethral anesthesia.     

A prospective randomized trial comparing transurethral resection of the prostate and laser therapy in men with chronic urinary retention: The CLasP study

PURPOSE: We assessed the effectiveness of laser therapy versus transurethral prostatic resection in men with symptomatic chronic urinary retention secondary to benign prostatic enlargement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This trial was multicenter, pragmatic and randomized. Analysis was done by intent to treat. Laser therapy involved neodymium:YAG noncontact visual prostate ablation, while transurethral prostatic resection was performed by standard electroresection. Patients were included in our study if they reported moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms with an International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS) of 8 or more, benign prostatic enlargement and a persistent post-void residual urine volume of more than 300 ml. Followup was 7.5 months. Primary outcome measures included the I-PSS, I-PSS quality of life score, maximum urinary flow and post-void residual urine volume. Secondary outcome measures included treatment failure, complications, hospital stay and catheterization time. RESULTS: A total of 82 patients agreed to be randomized to receive laser therapy (38) or transurethral prostatic resection (44). There were significant improvements in all primary outcomes in each group from randomization to followup. Transurethral prostatic resection was significantly better than laser therapy for I-PSS and maximum urinary flow values (p = 0.035 and 0.029, respectively) but there were no differences in post-void residual urine volume and I-PSS quality of life score between the groups. We noted significantly more treatment failures with laser therapy than resection (8 versus 0, p = 0.0014), although only 3 patients required resection after laser therapy because of persistent symptoms. In addition, hospital stay after resection was 2-fold that after laser therapy (ratio of geometric means 2.01, 95% confidence interval 1.54 to 2.61, p <0.0001). However, time to catheter removal was 9 times longer in the laser therapy group (p <0. 0001). Complication rates were significantly higher for transurethral prostatic resection (chi-square 5.05, 1 df, p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Transurethral prostatic resection is more effective than laser ablation in men with chronic urinary retention in terms of symptom score, maximum urinary flow and failure. However, men who underwent resection had significantly more treatment complications and were hospitalized longer than those who received laser therapy. This finding implies that laser ablation therapy may have a role in patients at higher risk who are willing to accept a lower level of effectiveness in exchange for decreased complication rates and hospital stay.