膀胱腺癌(附26例报告)

目的 提高膀胱腺癌的诊治水平。方法 回顾分析１９８０年１月至１９９８年１月收治的２６例膀胱腺癌资料。其中脐尿管腺癌１２例,原发性膀胱腺癌１４例。结果 ２６例中膀胱部分切除术８例,全膀胱切除＋尿流改道术１３例,根治性全膀胱切除＋尿流改道术２例,姑息性尿流改道术３例。随访１年生存率５２％,５年生存率２０％。结论 较局限的脐尿管腺癌可行广泛性部分膀胱切除术,原 性膀胱腺癌应行根治性全膀胱切除。     

膀胱腺癌（附31例报告）

１９６０年１月～１９９３年１月收治膀胱腺癌３１例，经病理证实原发性膀胱腺癌２５例，脐尿管腺癌６例。就临床表现、膀胱镜检查及膀胱造影等特点，结合文献分析讨论组织起源、早期诊断、及时正确治疗的重要性。手术治疗主张广泛膀胱部分切除术及根治性膀胱全切术，联合放疗，化疗。本组５年生存率２２．６％。     

可控回肠膀胱术远期随访（附10例报告）

可控回肠膀胱术远期随访（附１０例报告）叶林阳，王晓雄，李炎唐１９８５年３月至１９８７年３月对１１例膀胱癌患者实施了根治性全膀胱切除可控回肠膀胱术，随访１０例，获得满意效果，报告如下。临床资料１０例均为男性。年龄３２～６０岁，平均４８．５岁。随访６年９...     

阑尾输出道的Mainz可控膀胱术

从１９９４年６月至１９９７年１２月共施行根治性全膀胱切除加阑尾输出道的Ｍａｉｎｚ可控膀胱术１１例，疗效满意。报告如下。临床资料本组１１例。男１０例，女１例。年龄４２～６５岁。均为多发性、复发性或浸润性膀胱癌，符合全膀胱切除指征。既往均无阑尾炎史，术中...     

肝切除在肝门部胆管癌手术中的应用和选择

目的 观察肝叶切除在肝门部肝管癌根治术中的疗效并探讨根治性切除术的范围。方法 自１９９５年２月至１９９７年３月手术切除肝门部胆管癌９例,姑息性切除２例,根治性切除７例,８例行各种类型肝切除。结果 姑息性切除１例术后１２个月发生肝内转移,存活１６个月;另１例仍存活,术后２７个月出现阻塞性黄疸。根治性切除１例术后１１ｄ死于肺部感染,其余存活至今。结论 肝切除术肝门部胆管癌根治性切除术中手重要组成部分,     

膀胱腺癌的诊断与处理(附41例报告)

目的　提高膀胱腺癌的诊断与治疗水平。　方法　分析经手术病理证实的 4 1例膀胱腺癌患者资料。原发性膀胱腺癌 18例 ,作全膀胱切除 尿流改道 8例 ,膀胱部分切除 10例 ;脐尿管腺癌 12例中扩大膀胱部分切除 11例 ;转移性腺癌 11例均切除膀胱病灶。　结果　膀胱腺癌占同期膀胱癌的 3.2 %。 37例随访 5个月～ 10年 ,1年生存 19例 (5 1.3% ) ,2年生存 16例 (43.2 % ) ,5年生存 8例 (2 1.6 % )。　结论　原发性膀胱腺癌宜行根治性全膀胱切除术 ,脐尿管腺癌应作扩大性膀胱部分切除 ,对复发、转移性患者应采用综合治疗 ,以提高生存率     

膀胱腺癌的诊断和治疗（附21例报告）

目的提高膀胱腺癌的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析21例膀胱腺癌临床资料，其中原发性膀胱腺癌14例，全膀胱切除 尿流改道术4例，膀胱部分切除6例，经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术3例，姑息性尿流改道术1例；脐尿管腺癌7例，扩大膀胱部分切除术4例，根治性全膀胱切除 尿流改道术2例，放弃治疗1例。结果5年生存率18％(3／16)。结论原发性膀胱腺癌宜采用根治性全膀胱切除术，脐尿管腺癌宜采用扩大膀胱部分切除术，综合性治疗有助于提高复发、转移患者的生存率。     

噻替哌膀胱内灌注预防膀胱肿瘤复发的远期疗效观察

噻替哌膀胱内灌注预防膀胱肿瘤复发的远期疗效观察顾达清，胡凤鸣１９８２年１０月至１９９４年１０月，我们对４２例膀胱癌病人行肿瘤局部切除或膀胱部分切除后用噻替哌腔内灌注治疗，随访１～１２年，４例复发，复发率９．５％（４／４２）。笔者认为噻替哌具有价廉、疗...     

前列腺肉瘤（附六例报告）

１９７９～１９９２年共收治前列腺肉瘤６例，占同期前列腺恶性肿瘤的７．２２％。２例行根治性前列腺摘除术，１例行前列腺微波热凝固治疗＋电切，１例行膀胱造瘘，２例仅行活检。结果：微波热凝固治疗＋电切１例随访存活６年至今，根治性前列腺摘除１例存活２年至今，余均在８个月内死亡。结合文献对前列腺肉瘤的诊断和治疗进行了讨论。     

残胃贲门癌的外科治疗

本院自１９８０年８月至２００１年２月，共收治残胃贲门癌５例，占同期收治贲门癌的０．８％。现报告如下。临床资料１．一般资料：本组均为男性；年龄５０～６７岁；病程１～８月。胃大部切除，距贲门癌发病的时间为１．２～１０年，平均５．８４年。４例因胃十二指肠溃疡出血急诊行胃大部切除术，术式BillrothⅡ式结肠前胃空肠吻合，贲门肿块大小１～６cm，平均２．９cm，伴左肝转移性结节１例，术后病理均为腺癌。２．手术方式：全部经左胸腹联合切口切除贲门癌，食管残余胃底荷包式吻合２例，全胃切除加左肝转移性结节切除并食管空肠R…     

Adenocarcinoma of the bladder: study of 14 cases and review of the literature

Fourteen patients with adenocarcinoma of the bladder have been seen over a 14-year period; 6 tumours were of urachal origin and the remaining 8 were primary. All tumours were muscle-infiltrating. The 6 patients with urachal tumours were subjected to surgery; 3 underwent partial cystectomy and 3 radical total cystectomy. All patients who underwent partial cystectomy are alive and free of disease at 60 months, 12 months and 12 months respectively. The other 3 patients who underwent radical cystectomy suffered recurrence and 2 succumbed to their disease within 1 year. All patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder underwent radical cystectomy, 5 of them after planned pre-operative radiotherapy. There were 3 post-operative deaths. One patient died of an unrelated cause 30 months after surgery and 2 died of disseminated disease 8 and 16 months after surgery. One patient developed inguinal lymph node metastases 4 months after surgery and is controlled at 12 months with radiotherapy. Only 1 of the 8 patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder is alive and free of disease at 6 months.     

Treatment of bladder carcinoma in patients more than 80 years old

We reviewed 26 patients more than 80 years old with bladder carcinoma to determine if an active surgical policy is justified. Ten patients with superficial carcinoma were treated with transurethral resection; none died of cancer and half have survived 5 years. Of 16 patients with invasive carcinoma 9 underwent total cystectomy with urinary diversion and 2 underwent partial cystectomy. There was no operative mortality. Postoperative complications were not serious. Five of the 9 patients who underwent total cystectomy are alive, with a mean survival of 35 months. The 4-year crude survival rate was 50 per cent. Both patients who underwent partial cystectomy died within 2 years. One patient treated with radiotherapy alone and 1 without any treatment have survived 2 years. These results suggest that contrary to the general tendency towards conservative treatment, a curative operation is worth attempting in elderly patients with bladder carcinoma.     

保留膀胱髂内动脉化疗治疗膀胱癌(附38例报告)

目的：提高膀胱癌的治疗效果,尽可能保留有功能的膀胱。方法总结38例不同分期、分级膀胱癌患者的临床资料,分3组,T1 12例为第1组,行经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术（TURBt)和髂内动脉化疗及膀胱灌注化疗;T2 14例为第2组,行膀胱部分切除,髂内动脉化疗及膀胱灌注化疗;T312例为第3组,行姑息性TURBt和髂内动脉化疗,化疗后行内动脉栓塞。结果38例中33例保留了膀胱。38例术后随访2－15。第1组中10例保留膀胱且存活至;4例多次复发者反复行TURBt,其中2例最终行全膀胱切除加淋巴清扫未发现浸润加深和转移。第2组中1例2年后死于淋巴转移,1例疗后出现肾衰行血透治疗,共13例保留膀胱,均存活至今。第3组中8例为高危病淋巴转移,1例化疗后出现肾衰行血,人13例保留膀胱,均存活至今。第3组中8组为危危病淋巴转移。1例化疗后出现肾衰行血透治疗;共13例保留膀胱,均存活至今。第3组中8例为高危病人,其中2例末坚持治疗者于2－3年内死亡;3例肿瘤消失。多次随机活检均未找到肿瘤细胞;7例肿缩小,其中3例行膀胱部分切除术,病理分期有所好转,余4例血尿控制,膀胱容量增加,一般情况改善;共10例保留膀胱,平均存活58个月,结论：保留有功能性的膀胱手术加髂内动脉藻注化疗为治疗膀胱癌有效方法之一。     

The use of orthotopic neobladders in women undergoing cystectomy for pelvic malignancy

Summary Since June 1990, 21 women aged from 31 to 78 years (mean, 62 years) have undergone lower urinary tract reconstruction by means of an orthotopic Kock ileal reservoir following cystectomy. The indication for cystectomy included 15 patients with transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder, 2 patients with urachal adenocarcinoma, 1 patient with cervical carcinoma, 1 patient with a mesenchymal tumor of endometrial origin, 1 patient with interstitial cystitis, and 1 patient with a fibrotic irradiated bladder. A total of four complications (two early and two late) have occurred in this group of patients. Excellent continence has been achieved during the day and night in 95% and 89% of the patients, respectively. In all, 16 of 20 patients void volitionally per urethra without a residual urine volume, whereas 4 patients require intermittent catheterization to empty the neobladder. All patients are completely satisfied. One patient died of metastatic transitional-cell carcinoma without a pelvic recurrence. Of the remaining 20 patients, 18 are currently alive without evidence of recurrent disease. Tumor recurrence has occurred in two patients: one patient with an extensive mesenchymal tumor developed a sigmoid recurrence necessitating conversion to a continent cutaneous diversion, and one patient developed a right iliac recurrence. This initial experience with lower urinary tract reconstruction in women has yielded extraordinary results, and we feel that the option of orthotopic reconstruction following cystectomy can safely be offered to selected female patients.     

膀胱腺癌的诊断和治疗(附29例报告)

目的提高膀胱腺癌的诊断与治疗水平。方法29例中原发性膀胱腺癌18例，其中行全膀胱切除、尿流改道11例，膀胱部分切除7例；脐尿管腺癌9例，6例行扩大膀胱部分切除术，3例行全膀胱切除、尿流改道；印戒细胞癌2例，行全膀胱切除、尿流改道术。结果4例患者失访，25例患者随访时间为5个月一10年。生存1年者17例（64％），生存2年15例（60％），生存5年5例（20％），生存时间超过5年者均为早期患者。结论早期诊断、鉴别原发性膀胱腺癌与脐尿管腺癌、选择合适的手术方式是膀胱腺癌治疗的关键。     

膀胱腺癌的诊治(附22例报告)

目的：探讨膀胱腺癌的诊治效果。方法：回顾性分析22例膀胱腺癌的临床资料，其中原发性膀胱腺癌19例，脐尿管癌3例。结果：22例有8例次行根治性膀胱全切术，4例行次膀胱全切术，2例次行扩大膀胱部分切除术，3例次行膀胱部分切除术，5例次行经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术。术后随访1－5年，其2年生存率为55.5%，5年生存率为33.3%。结论：扩大性膀胱部分切除术是脐尿管癌的主要手术方式，原发性膀胱腺癌多行根治性膀胱全切术，总体疗效需进一步提高。     

Clinical studies of the treatment of bladder tumor and its effects--experience in 86 cases

Prognosis on evaluable 86 patients with primary bladder tumor seen during the 10 years up to 1985 was evaluated in relation to treatment mode and tumor stage. The majority of patients underwent multimodal therapies including surgery, chemotherapy and immunotherapy with picibanil (OK432). Transurethral resection of the tumor was performed as an initial surgical treatment in 49 patients, 9 of whom ultimately underwent total cystectomy. After leaving hospital, these patients were kept on immunotherapy with OK432 and topical chemotherapy with bladder instillation of mitomycin C or adriamycin (ADM) with or without systemic administration of Tegefur as long as possible. The overall actual 5-year survival rate for the patients treated by initial transurethral resection was 80%. Recurrence rate for these 49 patients was 35%. Total cystectomy with urinary diversion was performed in 37 patients who had been placed postoperatively on systemic administration of Tegafur and immunotherapy with OK 432 as long as possible. The overall actual 5-year survival rate for the patients treated with total cystectomy was 54%. The patients with pT2 and lower stage tumor had an actual 5 year survival rate of 72%, while the patients with pT3 and higher stage tumors had a survival of 10%. The high recurrence rate in the patients with superficial tumor and the low actual survival rate of the patients with pT3 and higher stage remain a problem in the treatment of bladder tumor. In recent trials, bacillus Calmette-Gúerin instillation therapy has been initiated to lower the recurrence rate in superficial tumor and we have had a satisfactory 4-year result.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Tumor recurrence in the remnant urothelium of females undergoing radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: long-term results from a single center

PURPOSE: We analyzed the risk factors and incidence of secondary TCC of the remnant urothelium in women following radical cystectomy for TCC of the bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 85 women with a mean age of 64.5 years with clinically localized TCC of the bladder underwent radical cystectomy between 1992 and 2004. Orthotopic bladder substitution was performed in 46 females, while 39 underwent nonorthotopic urinary diversion. Of the entire cohort 22 (26%) patients underwent cystectomy for multifocal or recurrent TCC. Followup examinations were performed at 6-month intervals. RESULTS: Mean followup in the entire cohort was 49.8 months (median 42). Intraoperative frozen sections obtained from the urethra and distal ureters were negative for TCC and CIS in all patients. Four women (4.7%) had TCC in the remnant urothelium at a mean of 56 months postoperatively. These patients had undergone cystectomy for multifocal or recurrent TCC (4 of 22 or 18%). No secondary TCC was seen in the 63 patients with solitary invasive or nonrecurrent bladder cancer (p <0.05). Urethral recurrence was found in 2 patients (4.3%) 65 and 36 months after orthotopic neobladder surgery, respectively. In the orthotopic group 1 patient (2.1%) had an upper urinary tract tumor 76 months after surgery, while in the nonorthotopic group 1 (2.5%) was found to have an upper urinary tract tumor 48 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent or multifocal TCC may represent a risk factor for secondary TCC of the remnant urothelium after cystectomy. In our series all recurrent tumors were late recurrences (more than 36 months postoperatively). Because the rate of urethral recurrence in the current series corresponds to that reported in men (2% to 6%), urethra sparing cystectomy with orthotopic bladder replacement does not appear to compromise the oncological outcome in women.     

Enteroplasty in bladder tumors

A total of 429 patients with urinary tumors have been operated on in the past 10 years, 80 of them have been undergone cystectomy. Intestinal plasty of the urinary bladder was performed in 38 patients. These one-stage operations in 15 patients yielded a high postoperative mortality rate (33.3%). Two-stage surgeries in 23 patients largely reduced mortality (8.9%). The authors provide recommendations how to conduct the two-stage surgery and limited indications for one-stage interventions.