腹腔镜肝切除术治疗左肝内胆管结石的临床应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜肝切除术治疗左肝内胆管结石的技术与疗效。 方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2016年12月完成67例腹腔镜肝切除术治疗左肝内胆管结石临床及随访资料。 结果 全部67例患者合并左半肝或左外叶肝萎缩,腔镜手术方式包括左外叶肝切除48例、左半肝切除19例。其他腹腔镜下联合术式包括：胆囊切除术52例、胆总管探查术43例、T管引流术39例,胆总管一期修补术4例。手术切口长度（4.67±1.26）cm。术后发生胆漏3例,均经引流观察后自愈;1例因术后腹腔大出血合并胆瘘再手术治愈;肝脓肿1例,膈下脓肿1例,均经穿刺引流治愈。 结论 腹腔镜肝切除术治疗左肝内胆管结石安全可靠,术中应尽量取净其他胆道残余结石并连续紧密缝合左肝管残端。如结石已被取净胆总管的探查和T管引流并非必需。     

腹腔镜下左半肝切除术

肝内胆管结石是指结石位于肝内胆管。这种疾病在西方不多见而易发于东亚地区,(肝内胆管中的)结石和(或)狭窄等因素使肝内胆管反复发生化脓性感染,不仅加重胆管的狭窄和阻塞,并加重肝实质的损害,导致肝纤维化,萎缩;感染急性发作时又易发生菌血症、感染性休克、胆源性肝脓肿、胆管溃疡致胆道出血,病变晚期则可发生胆汁性肝硬化、门脉高压症等一系列严重的后果。近年来,因为左半肝较容易操作的解剖位置使得腹腔镜下左半肝切除术在肝胆外科手术中很快得到关注,研究和临床经验表明左半肝切除术用于肝胆管结石症,兼具解除肝管梗阻(结石,尤其合并存在的肝胆管狭窄)和去除化脓性感染病灶的双重效果,有效地提高了肝胆管结石的远期治疗效果。     

计算机三维重建技术在复杂肝胆管结石诊治中的临床应用

背景与目的:肝内胆管结石,特别是合并数个肝段结石或是既往合并多次胆道手术史的复杂肝胆管结石的诊断治疗是肝胆外科的难题之一,如何能够"一站式"清除结石是目前的研究热点。鉴于目前计算机三维重建可视化技术已经越来越多的被应用在肝叶切除术中,本研究探讨计算机三维重建技术在诊断和治疗复杂肝内外胆管结石诊治中的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月1日—2019年7月31日期间由中国科技大学附属第一医院胆胰外科收治的术前行计算机三维重建的肝胆管结石病例的临床资料。结果:共纳入期间收治的复杂肝胆管结石19例,包括Ⅰ型9例,IIa型6例,IIb型3例,IIc型1例,合并肝外胆管结石12例,肝内胆管结石合并肝占位性病变1例,肝胆管结石合并右肝血吸虫病1例。手术方式包括行左半肝切除术3例、行右半肝切除术7例、行胆总管探查引流术9例。术前三维重建与术中符合情况:门静脉、肝动脉走行符合率均为78.95%;结石在胆管分布、肝脏体积符合率均为84.21%;总准确率为73.68%。术后胆管直接造影均未见结石残留,无术后胆管炎发作病例,无胆道损伤病例。结论:术前计算机的三维重建技术能精准描述肝内胆管结石的分布,精确测量肝脏体积,在复杂肝胆管结石的诊断、手术方案个体规划中有重要的临床应用价值,可以最大程度的达到结石的"一站式"的清除效果。     

经皮肝穿刺一期硬镜碎石术在治疗肝胆管结石的应用

目的：探讨经皮肝穿刺一期硬质胆镜碎石术对肝胆管结石的治疗效果。 方法：对65例肝胆管结石患者的肝胆管通过B超定位进行直接穿刺建立窦道，扩张窦道直径至16~18 F后，采用硬质胆道镜取出肝胆管结石。 结果：一次性扩张取尽结石患者达60例；2例由于右肝胆管与胆总管之间的角度<90°而放弃；术后因胆管出血行介入栓塞治疗3例；39例存在胆管狭窄（60.0%），均根据具体情况同时行相应处理。对所有治疗的患者进行26个月随访，肝胆管结石的复发率为7.7%（5/65）。 结论：经皮肝穿刺一期硬质胆镜碎石术治疗肝胆管结石安全、有效，其清除率结石的同时处理胆管狭窄可利于结石复发率降低，是一种避免传统手术治疗的可取方法。

     

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目的探讨肝内胆管结石合并胆道出血的诊治方法。方法对1982～1992年收治的32例肝内胆管结石合并胆道出血病人进行回顾性分析。结果32例病人中14例为肝内胆管自发性出血，均采用手术治疗，止血率为100％，随访1年无复发出血，18例为手术后出血，3例经保守治疗治愈，15例经保守治疗无效后采用手术治疗，13例止血成功，2例死亡。结论对肝内胆管结石合并自发性胆道出血应及时手术，在止血同时注意处理原发病变。手术后的胆道出血可先采取非手术治疗，部分病人可取得较好的疗效；非手术治疗无效者，应积极再手术治疗。     

肝门部胆管癌根治手术中联合血管切除及重建的临床疗效Meta分析

背景与目的:对于肝门部胆管癌(HCCA)而言,血管侵犯是主要的手术治疗障碍之一。联合血管切除及重建后的各个临床研究指标不一,结论也存在一定的争议,本研究通过Meta分析方法系统评价HCCA根治术中联合血管切除及重建的安全性、切除有效性及近远期疗效。方法:检索多个国内外数据库,收集HCCA根治术中联合血管切除及重建与无血管切除比较的研究,前者包括肝动脉切除及重建和门静脉切除及重建,检索起止时间均为2009年1月1日—2019年1月1日。采用Meta分析方法比较两种术式的安全性、根治效果及近远期疗效指标。结果:最终纳入18篇文献(均为回顾性研究),共3 260例患者,其中行联合血管切除及重建904例(血管切除组),未行血管切除2 356例(对照组);分亚组的研究中含肝动脉切除及重建237例(肝动脉切除亚组)与门静脉切除及重建560(门静脉切除亚组)。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组比较,血管切除组的术后总并发症(OR=1.09,95% CI=0.78～1.54,P=0.61)、肝衰竭(OR=0.84,95% CI=0.56～1.24,P=0.36)的发生率均无明显差异,但血管并发症(OR=6.79,95% CI=2.16～21.38,P=0.01)与肝脓肿(OR=7.47,95% CI=2.63～21.18,P=0.01)的发生率升高;术后病死率无统计学差异(OR=1.27,95% CI=0.84～1.93,P=0.25);术后1、3、5年的总体生存率差异均有统计学差异(OR=0.69,95% CI=0.56～0.85;OR=0.62,95% CI=0.52～0.75;OR=0.61,95% CI=0.49～0.76,均P0.05);R_0切除率无统计学差异(OR=0.96,95% CI=0.66～1.40,P=0.84)。亚组分析显示,肝动脉切除亚组和门静脉切除亚组与对照组总并发症发生率均无统计学差异(均P0.05);肝动脉切除亚组的5年总生存率低于对照组(OR=0.44,95% CI=0.30～0.67,P=0.01),但门静脉切除亚组的5年总生存率与对照组无明显差异(OR=0.89,95% CI=0.68～1.17,P=0.42)。此外,R_0切除组患者5年生存率高于R_1切除组,无淋巴结转移患者5年生存率高于有淋巴结转移患者(均P0.05)。结论:HCCA根治术中联合血管切除及重建是总体可接受的,可以一定程度上提高R_0切除率,改善患者预后。当合并门静脉侵犯时,可以行联合血管的R_0切除不增加术后并发症和死亡,也不会恶化预后。当合并肝动脉侵犯是手术R_0切除的唯一障碍时,不能简单地将其作为根治性手术的禁忌证,仍可以手术治疗,但需慎重处理,从而使患者获益。     

Comparison of treatments for hepatolithiasis: hepatic resection versus cholangioscopic lithotomy.

BACKGROUND: Hepatic resection and percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotomy (PTCSL) are the two main approaches to the treatment of hepatolithiasis, but comparisons of longterm followup results have not been adequately reported. STUDY DESIGN: Of 86 patients with hepatolithiasis admitted to our institution between 1980 and 1996, we reviewed 54 patients: 26 who underwent hepatic resection and 28 who underwent PTCSL. Five patients who underwent postoperative cholangioscopic lithotomy were included in the former group. The remainder of the hepatolithiasis patients were not treated by hepatic resection or PTCSL and, therefore, were excluded from this study. Hepatic resections were mainly indicated for left-sided localized intrahepatic calculi, atrophic liver, and possible presence of cholangiocellular carcinoma. PTCSL was performed for right-sided, bilateral or recurrent stones at an average of 6 treatments (range 1 to 20 treatments) for each patient. There were no differences between the two groups in terms of gender or age. The recurrence rate of stones and longterm prognosis were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and other clinical factors listed below were statistically compared. RESULTS: The rate of complete removal of stones was similarly high in each group (96.2% in the hepatic resection group versus 96.4% in the PTCSL group). The complication (38.5% versus 21.4%) and 5-year survival (85.6% versus 100%) rates were comparable. Remaining bile duct stricture (18.2% versus 60.9%, p < 0.01) and 5-year recurrence rates (5.6% versus 31.5%, p < 0.05) were statistically lower in the hepatic resection group than in the PTCSL group. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic resection, when combined with postoperative cholangioscopic lithotomy, is a preferable treatment for left-sided stones with strictures and bilateral stones.     

Is Hepatectomy Necessary in Dealing with Left Hepatolithiasis with Intrahepatic Duct Stricture?

Background: Hepatolithiasis with intrahepatic biliary strictures, more common in Southeast Asia than elsewhere, remains a difficult problem to manage. Hepatic resection has recently been advocated as one of the treatment modalities for hepatolithiasis; however, this procedure is not without risk. This study was designed to achieve complete clearance of the stones, eliminate bile stasis, and avoid the potential risks of hepatic resection in the patient with hepatolithiasis and intrahepatic biliary stricture.Methods: In this prospective clinical trial 13 patients with retained left hepatolithiasis and intrahepatic biliary strictures were included. All the patients met the following criteria: (1) initial surgical procedure for hepatolithiasis, (2) normal gross findings of the left liver, and (3) no obvious clinical evidence of an associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. After the operation they underwent matured T-tube tract ductal dilatation with percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy tube stenting. Choledoschoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy was used in five patients after dilatation when impacted or large stones were encountered.Results: Complete clearance of the stones was achieved in these 13 patients. One patient had fevers develop after ductal dilatation, and another patient had mild hemobilia after electrohydraulic lithotripsy. Both recovered uneventfully with conservative treatment. These successfully treated patients remain well, with a mean follow-up period of 20 months.Conclusions: Postoperative matured T-tube tract ductal dilatation and stenting, combined with endoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy when indicated, is an effective and safe alternative to hepatic resection for selected left hepatolithiasis with intrahepatic biliary stricture.     

Laparoscopic right hemihepatectomy for hepatolithiasis

Background Liver resection is the definitive treatment for unilateral hepatolithiasis [1]. Recently, laparoscopic major hepatectomias have become more common and are being performed in highly specialized centers [2–4]. However, few laparoscopic liver resections for hepatolithiasis have been reported. Chen et al. [5] reported two cases of laparoscopic left lobectomy for hepatolithiasis, but to our knowledge, right hepatectomy has never been reported to date. This video demonstrates technical aspects of a totally laparoscopic right hepatectomy in a patient with hepatolithiasis. Methods A 21-year-old woman with right-sided nonoriental primary intrahepatic stones [1] was referred for surgical treatment. The operation followed four distinct phases: liver mobilization, dissection of the right portal vein and right hepatic artery, extrahepatic dissection of the right hepatic vein, and parenchymal transection with harmonic shears and linear staplers for division of segment 5 and 8 branches of the middle hepatic vein. No Pringles’ maneuver was used. In contrast to liver resection for other indications, the right bile duct was enlarged and filled with stones. It was divided during parenchymal transection and left open. After removal of the surgical specimen, the biliary tree was flushed with saline until stone clearance, under radioscopic surveillance, was complete. The right hepatic duct then was closed with running suture. Results The operative time was 240 min, and the estimated blood loss was 120 ml, with no blood transfusion. The hospital stay was 5 days. At this writing, the patient is well and asymptomatic 7 months after the procedure. Conclusion Laparoscopic liver resection is safe and feasible for patients with hepatolithiasis and should be considered for those suffering from intrahepatic stones. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

肝切除治疗肝胆管结石(附644例报告)

分析肝切除治疗肝胆管结石的疗效。方法报告１９７５年至１９９９年１１月６４４例肝内胆管结石病人采用肝切除治疗的术式,并发症及随访情况,结果本组治疗方式中合并的肝切除率为５２％;６４４例中６２．９％经历过１－５次手术,其中２０．５％,合并不同类型的胆肠吻合。肝切除术式：左外叶切除３７８例（５８．７％）;左半肝切除１３２例（２０．５％）;右半肝切除３１例（４．８％）;多段切除６６例（１０．３％）;肝方叶     

规则性肝段切除术治疗肝内胆管结石病

目的 总结采用肝段切除术治疗肝内胆管结石病的经验。方法 回顾性分析1975年1月至1998年12月间采用肝段切除术治疗514例肝内胆管结石的临床资料及远期疗效。结果 肝内胆管结石的分布：左外叶64例、左肝叶176例、右前叶10例、右后叶24例、右肝叶31例、双侧肝叶209例。合并症：合并有显著肝段或肝叶萎缩者280例，肝脓肿17例，胆瘘7例，胆管癌8例。265例有1-5次胆道手术史。手术方法：根据肝内结石的分布决定肝段或联合肝段切除的范围，其中S2－3切除284例、切除98例、切除26例、切除37例、双侧肝叶部分切除23例。附加术式包括经肝门胆管切开取石217例，经肝实质肝内胆管切开取石11例，胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合296例。术后并发症有胆漏15例（2.9%）、膈下感染23例(4.5%)、腹腔脓肿2例（0.4%）和肝衰3例（0.6%）等。11例（2.1%）术后死于肝衰竭。随访10个月到25年，75.9%症状消失，14.5%偶而有轻度胆管炎发作，9.6%仍反复发作严重胆道感染。49例手术效果差的主要原因是肝脏切除范围不够兖分而遗留病变的肝胆管。结论 规则性肝叶切除术是清除病灶的最有效手段。     

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??Surgical treatment of hepatolithiasis in right lobe of liver: a report of 102 cases HE Ling??LI Wen-mei. Department of General Surgery??Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College??Xuzhou 221002??China
Corresponding author??LI Wen-mei??E-mail??L5748036@126.com
Abstract Objective To explore the surgical treatment of hepatolithiasis in right lobe of liver. Methods Retrospective analysis the surgical treatment methods and efficacy of the 102 cases of hepatolithiasis in right lobe of liver in affiliated hospital of Xuzhou medical college from January 2000 to December 2008. Results 30 cases in this group underwent hepatic segmentectomy; and the remaining 72 cases underwent resection of the liver lobi, and incided common bile duct???? and ?? grade bile duct and removed the stones??Of which 20 cases were placed directly T-tube or U-tube drainage??33 cases were formed the narrow bile ducts and placed T-tube or U-tube drainage??and 19 cases received choledochojejunostomy. 42 cases combined common bile duct stones which underwent incision of common bile duct and removed the stones. All cases of postoperative jaundice subsided gradually, and liver function improved. Postoperative bile leakage occurred in 6 cases (5.9%), residual calculi happened in 5 cases(4.9%), cholangitis happened in 3 cases??2.9%??received cholecystojejunostomy??8 cases (7.8%) recurrent hepatolithiasis. Conclusion Hepatic segmentectomy or resection of the liver lobi ??incision of the secondary bile duct and removing the stones??forming the narrow bile duct??and placing T-tube or U-tube drainage or choledochojejunostomy for hepatolithiasis in right lobe of liver can obtain a good therapeutic effect. In addition??Forming bile duct stenosis, and placing T-tube or U-tube drainage can reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications, and more conducive to deal with complications.     

规则性肝段切除结合胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石

目的 研究规则性肝段切除结合胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石的优越性及有效性。方法 根据289例患者肝内胆管结石的分布情况(左外叶138例．左肝叶96例,右前叶6例,右后叶12例,右肝叶25例。双侧肝叶12例;合并有显著肝段或肝叶萎缩98例,肝脓肿8例,胆瘘3例,胆管癌5例)行肝段或联合肝段切除。其中S2～S3切除181例,S2～4切除56例．S6～S7切除18例,S5～8切除12例,双侧肝叶切除12例。附加术式包括经肝门部胆管切开取石186例,经肝实质胆管切开取石8例,胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合196例(10例输出空肠拌皮下埋植)。术中胆道镜经胆总管途径186例,肝断面胆管途径103例,术后胆道镜经T管途径186例,皮下输出空肠袢途径10例。结果 随访10个月至10年,89．5％(259／289)症状消失,7．9％(23／289)偶有轻度胆管炎发作,2．6％(7／289)仍反复发作严重胆道感染。术后并发症有胆漏8例(2．8％)．膈下感染12例(4．2％)．腹腔脓肿1例(0．35％)．3例(1．03％)术后死于肝衰竭。结论 规则性肝段切除术结合胆道镜技术是治疗肝内胆管结石的最有效手段。     

经肝断面胆道探查取石治疗左肝内胆管结石合并胆总管结石的临床应用

目的评估经肝断面胆道探查替代胆总管切开胆道探查术治疗左肝内胆管结石合并胆总管结石的可行性及效果。方法 回顾性分析笔者所在医院科室收治的122例左肝内胆管结石合并胆总管结石患者的临床资料,其中2007年6月至2010年6月期间的64例患者行左肝切除、胆总管切开取石、T管引流术（对照组）,2011年6月至2013年12月期间的58例患者行左肝切除联合术中经肝断面残端胆管行胆道探查取石术（观察组）,比较2组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间及并发症发生率。结果与对照组相比,观察组患者术后住院时间明显缩短（P〈0．05）,2组的手术时间及术中出血量的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,观察组术后并发症发生率明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。122例患者中105例获随访,随访率为86．1％,随访期为2年,2组患者均无结石残留及复发。结论术中通过肝断面途径胆道探查是治疗左肝内胆管结石一种有效的方法,简化了操作程序,缩短了住院时间,有效避免胆总管切开和T管引流所带来的并发症。     

肝内胆管变异合并结石的外科治疗

目的 探讨肝内胆管变异合并结石的外科治疗方法和作用。方法 1986年6月至1997年6月采用4种术式治疗54例肝内胆管变异合并结石病人：（1）变异肝管开口原位整形术12例；（2）变异肝管与相邻肝管开窗术9例；（3）变异肝管与相邻肝管合干成形术14例；（4）变异肝管相应肝段、叶切除术19例。结果 7例发生术后并发症，均经非手术治疗治愈。全部病人随访4－15年（平均8．9年），胆道残余结石率24．1％，疗效优良率83．3％。1992年12月以来，9例胆道残余结石病人行纤维胆道镜取石，6例取尽。结论 准确定位诊断和合理的手术方法治疗肝内胆管变异合并结石可获得较满意的结果。     

不同手术方法治疗肝内胆管结石的疗效对比与危险因素分析

目的:比较肝部分切除与经皮经肝穿刺胆道镜取石(PTCSL)治疗肝内胆管结石的近远期疗效,探讨影响结石残留、复发及远期并发症的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析我院2013年6月—2018年6月收治的接受肝部分切除(手术切除组)或PTCSL(PTCSL组)的78例原发性肝内胆管结石患者,对比两种治疗方式的近远期疗效,并分析结石残留复发和治疗后长期并发症(反复发作的胆管炎、肝脓肿、胆汁性肝硬化、胆管细胞癌)与临床资料的关系。结果:平均随访时间为38.3个月。手术切除组患者结石清除率显著高于PTCSL组,而术后复发率显著低于PTCSL组(P<0.05),两组患者病死率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。78例患者术后共有22例(28.2%)发生结石残留,多因素分析显示,术前合并胆道狭窄(OR:3.026;CI:1.021~7.298)、结石双侧分布(OR:1.542;CI:1.196~3.886)及PTCSL治疗(OR:1.425;CI:1.085~4.238)是影响结石残留的独立危险因素。78例患者术后结石复发24例(30.7%),多因素分析显示,术前合并胆管狭窄(OR:1.528;CI:1.258~5.298)、术后结石残留(OR:1.854;CI:1.326~5.128)、结石双侧分布(OR:1.785;CI:1.236~6.327)及PTCSL(OR:1.367;CI:1.096~5.026)是影响结石复发的独立危险因素。总体与肝胆相关并发症率为17.9%(14/78)。多因素分析显示,年龄(OR:3.022),结石双侧分布(OR:1.793),术前胆道狭窄(OR:2.944)和术后结石残留(OR:1.991)是影响术后并发症的独立危险因素。结论:肝部分切除和PTCSL治疗原发性肝内胆管结石患者远期均可能发生结石残留、结石复发。术前有胆道狭窄、结石呈双侧分布的患者行肝部分切除术的并发症更少;对于老年患者或合并肝硬化、无法耐受手术的患者,若术前合并胆道狭窄可考虑行PTSCL。术后定期随访非常必要。     

Selection of treatment in primary hepatolithiasis (PHL)]

Two hundred and three patients with PHL were encountered for the last 10 years. In order to select treatment of PHL, we classified PHL on the basis of atrophy of hepatic parenchyma (AHP), existence of extrahepatic gallstone and dilatation of extrahepatic bile duct (DEBD). For the case with AHP hepatic resection must be performed, because there is often chronic proliferating cholangitis and improvement in hepatic function can not be expected in view of AHP. For the case with extrahepatic gallstone without AHP hepatic resection. For the case with DEBD and without AHP extrahepatic gallstone must be removed. For the patient with extrahepatic gallstone and DEBD without AHP, indication of the removal of stones, depends on the existence of symptoms. Twenty-two cases treated by biliary drainage procedure often had some complications in postoperative course, that is 5 patients had cholangitis and 7 patients liver abscess. It was suggested, therefore, that biliary drainage procedure was contraindicated in PHL.     

Intraoperative biliary exploration through the left hepatic duct orifice during left hepatectomy in patients with left-sided hepatolithiasis

Background and aims Left-sided hepatolithiasis often requires left hepatectomy and exploration of the common bile duct and right hepatic duct. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of alternative method of bile duct exploration other than choledochotomy. Materials and methods A prospective study involving 50 cases of left hepatectomy for left or bilateral intrahepatic stone was performed. Left hepatic duct (LHD) orifice was used as primary access route for biliary exploration. Choledochotomy was performed only for large common bile duct stones, variant bile duct anatomy, or intentional T-tube insertion for later removal of residual stones. Results In 44 patients with left-sided hepatolithiasis, biliary exploration through LHD orifice was performed in 40 (90.9%); T-tube choledochotomy was required in three (9.1%). There was neither residual stone nor major surgical complication except infection, and recurrence occurred in one patient during mean follow-up of 32 months. On the other hand, T-tube choledochotomy was performed in three of six patients with bilateral hepatolithiasis (50%). Three patients had residual stones, and two of them were treated by cholangioscopy through the T-tube tract. Recurrence occurred in two patients. Conclusion We think that intraoperative biliary exploration through LHD orifice in left-sided hepatolithiasis patients is an effective approach simplifying the operation procedure by avoiding choledochotomy and subsequent T-tube insertion.     

腹腔镜与开腹左肝外叶切除联合胆道镜取石治疗左肝内胆管结石的疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜与开腹左肝外叶切除联合胆道镜取石术治疗左肝内胆管结石的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2010年9月—2013年9月收治的45例左肝内胆管结石患者资料,其中23例行腹腔镜左肝外叶切除+胆道镜取石术(腹腔镜组)、22例行开腹肝外叶切除+胆道镜取石术(开腹组)。结果:腹腔镜组在术后下床活动时间、肠道功能恢复时间、进食时间、住院时间以及术后疼痛等方面优于开腹组(均P0.05);而两组间手术时间、术中出血、肝功能指标、住院总费用方面差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。术后两组均无结石残余;腹腔镜组发生胆汁漏1例,开腹组发生肝断面积液1例,均经保守治疗治愈。随访43例,无结石复发及腹痛、黄疸、肝功能异常等。结论:腹腔镜左肝外叶切除联合胆道镜取石术治疗左肝外叶胆管结石与开腹途径相比疗效相当,但腹腔镜组术后恢复快,可作为该类疾病的首选治疗方式。     

Selection of Appropriate Liver Resection in Left Hepatolithiasis Based on Anatomic and Clinical Study

Background Because of the possibility of injury to the left medial section of the bile duct (B4) and the presumed higher recurrence rate of hepatolithiasis, some surgeons have recently preferred left hepatectomy for left hepatolithiasis. We investigated the appropriate treatment for left hepatolithiasis by evaluating the anatomy and variations of the left hepatic duct system in a normal population and analyzed the clinical outcome of liver resection. Methods We reviewed the magnetic resonance imaging results of 115 normal subjects who underwent a workup for living related liver donation. An imaginary surgical resection line was established based on the lateral margin of the umbilical portion of the liver in T2-weighted axial images. The junction of B4 with the left hepatic duct was evaluated to determine the possibility of injury during liver resection. We also analyzed the clinical outcomes of 181 patients who underwent left lateral sectionectomy or left hepatectomy. Results The anatomic evaluation showed that B4 joined lateral to the umbilical portion of the liver in 7.0% (8/115) of cases. In patients with left hepatolithiasis, left hepatectomy was performed in 79 patients and left lateral sectionectomy in 102. The operating time for the left lateral sectionectomy was significantly shorter than that for left hepatectomy (p = 0.001). There were no significant differences in complications or recurrence of stones. Conclusion Preoperative cholangiography should be performed to evaluate the anatomy of the left hepatic duct to avoid injuring B4. For most cases of left hepatolithiasis without a left hilar stricture, left lateral sectionectomy is the safest, most effective treatment.