帆状胎盘孕妇预后与产前超声检查中胎儿脐动脉血流参数的关系研究

目的 探讨帆状胎盘孕妇预后与产前超声检查中胎儿脐动脉血流参数的关系。方法 选取我院帆状胎盘的孕妇105例(病例组),根据妊娠结局将病例组分为预后良好组65例,预后不良组40例。将同期正常妊娠结局良好的非帆状胎盘孕妇40例设为对照组。应用超声脉冲多普勒获取胎儿脐动脉收缩期峰值流速与舒张期末期流速的比值(S/D值)、血管阻力指数。分析正常胎盘及帆状胎盘的超声声像图;比较各组产前胎儿脐动脉血流参数(S/D值、血管阻力指数);对病例组的S/D比值与血管阻力指数值进行相关性分析;分析产前胎儿脐动脉血流参数对预后不良的诊断价值,计算ROC曲线下区域,统计各指标的诊断效能。结果 正常对照组中预后良好组、预后不良组间的S/D比值、阻力指数值差异显著(P <0.05)。病例组(预后良好组、预后不良组)的S/D比值、阻力指数值均显著高于正常对照组(P <0.05);预后不良组的S/D比值、阻力指数值均显著高于预后良好组(P <0.05)。病例组S/D比值与血管阻力指数值呈显著正相关关系(r=0.475,P <0.001)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,S/D比值、血管阻力指数在诊断预后不...     

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的脐动脉超声多普勒变化

目的:评价彩色多普勒血流成像检测妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)胎儿血流动力学变化在预测围产儿预后中的价值.方法:应用彩超检测119例孕36~40周ICP孕妇及544例同孕周正常孕妇的胎儿脐动脉超声多普勒变化,测出脐动脉血流收缩期峰值(S)与舒张期末流速(D)的比值(S/D)、搏动指数(PI)和阻力指数(RI)值,两者进行比较.结果:单纯ICP组与正常妊娠组比较,S/D、PI和RI无统计学差异,而ICP并发胎儿宫内窘迫时与正常组比较,S/D有差异,PI和RI无统计学差异;ICP脐动脉多普勒检查阻力升高者出现胎儿窘迫的敏感性为42.9%,特异性为89.4%,阴性预测值52.6%,阳性预测值47.4%.结论:彩色多普勒超声监测ICP胎儿脐动脉多普勒测定为临床早期诊断胎儿窘迫提供可靠依据.     

多普勒超声检测胎儿脐动脉血流 S／D、 RI值对于评价宫内窘迫的临床意义

目的：通过多普勒超声检测晚期妊娠胎儿脐动脉血流S／D、RI值,探讨其对于评价宫内窘迫的临床价值,对于预测围生儿预后的意义。方法对180例孕32～41周单胎孕妇采用彩色多普勒超声进行产前检查,观察胎儿有无脐带绕颈、羊水透声、测定脐动脉S／D、RI值,根据检查结果分为脐带绕颈组和无脐带绕颈组,观察两组胎儿宫内窘迫的发生率;发生胎儿宫内窘迫与无宫内窘迫脐动脉血流S／D、 RI值的差别;以及胎儿脐动脉血流与妊娠预后的关系。结果与无脐带绕颈组相比,脐带绕颈组胎儿宫内窘迫发生率高（ P＜0．05）;发生胎儿宫内窘迫脐动脉血流S／D、RI值明显高于无胎儿宫内窘迫者（ P＜0．05）。脐动脉血流正常者剖宫产率、羊水污染及Apgar 评分＜7明显高于异常者（ P＜0．05）。结论多普勒超声检测胎儿脐动脉血流对评价胎儿宫内窘迫、预测围生儿预后有重要的临床应用价值。     

超声检测妊娠期高血压孕妇胎儿血流动力学变化与妊娠结局的相关性分析

目的探讨超声检测妊娠期高血压疾病(以下简称妊高症)孕妇胎儿脐血流、大脑中动脉联合静脉导管血流变化与不良妊娠结局的相关性。方法选取2015年10月~2016年12月我院收治的正常孕妇、轻度子痫前期、重度子痫前期患者各30例。对3组胎儿脐动脉、大脑中动脉、静脉导管和脐静脉血流参数及孕妇分娩时周数、新生儿体重、胎盘重量等围生儿预后指标进行观察分析。测量脐动脉及大脑中动脉的阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)、收缩峰值流速与舒张峰值流速比值(S/D)及静脉导管和脐静脉的最大流速(Vmax)、内径(Duv)。围生儿预后指标:计测孕妇分娩时周数、新生儿体重、脐动脉PH、5分钟Apgar评分、胎盘重量。结果轻度子痫前期组、重度子痫前期组、正常组胎儿静脉导管分流率(Qdv/Quv)及脐动脉、大脑中动脉血流动力学参数组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。在围产儿不同结局中胎儿静脉导管分流率(Qdv/Quv)及脐动脉阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)、收缩峰值流速与舒张峰值流速比值(S/D)比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);重度子痫前期组围生儿体重、分娩周数、脐动脉p H值、Apgar评分、胎盘重量与轻度子痫前期组、正常对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。Logistic二元回归分析结果显示,围生儿不良预后与胎儿脐动脉、大脑中动脉的S/D、PI、RI及静脉导管分流率(Qdv/Quv)均具有相关性(均P0.05)。结论对胎儿的脐动脉、大脑中动脉、静脉导管血流动力学参数进行综合监测能更准确地评估胎儿宫内状况,可作为预测妊高症病情及不良妊娠结局的指标。     

脐血流检测与胎心监护联合应用预测围生儿结局

目的:探讨多普勒脐动脉血流速度检测、无负荷试验(NST)联合应用预测围生儿结局的临床价值.方法:将158例NST监测异常的孕妇分为2组,即高危妊娠组(妊娠合并症组)和正常妊娠组,进行多普勒脐动脉血流阻力(S/D)测定.结果:高危妊娠组围生儿预后不良发生率明显高于正常妊娠组.距最后一次检测时间2 d内分娩的孕妇围生儿,预后不良发生率明显低于3～7 d分娩的孕妇(P＜0.05).结论:NST异常、脐动脉血流阻力S/D值正常者,无需过早干预妊娠,可动态观察.NST异常且S/D值异常者,宜尽早终止妊娠.     

能量多普勒超声对妊娠高血压综合征患者胎盘血流动力学的研究

目的 :分析妊娠高血压综合征(pregnancy-induced hypertension,PIH)患者孕晚期超声多普勒检测的胎盘血流动力学指标与围生儿妊娠结局的关系,探讨能量多普勒超声对PIH患者胎盘血流动力学的价值。方法:选择晚孕期49例正常孕妇(正常组)和49例PIH患者(PIH组),采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪监测胎盘内绒毛动脉血流参数:收缩期与舒张期血流峰值速度比值(S/D)、RI、搏动指数(PI)、时间平均流速(TAV),绘制各参数受试者特征曲线(ROC曲线),计算曲线下面积。三维能量多普勒图观察胎盘内绒毛动脉形态。随访产后胎儿妊娠结局。结果:在孕晚期,PIH组胎盘内绒毛动脉血流参数S/D、RI、PI值较正常孕妇显著增高(P0.05),而TAV显著降低(P0.05);PIH患者胎盘内绒毛动脉血流各参数中S/D值的ROC曲线下面积最大。三维能量多普勒图显示重度PIH患者较正常孕妇胎盘内绒毛动脉数目减少,管径变细。结论:胎盘内绒毛动脉血流S/D、RI、PI值测定可作为反映胎盘功能、监测胎儿宫内情况及预测妊娠结局的重要指标。能量多普勒超声在PIH患者胎盘血流动力学改变研究中具有重要价值。     

胎儿脐带缠绕253例分析

目的　探讨胎儿脐带缠绕的临床意义及处理。方法　分析 2 5 3例有脐带缠绕的孕妇的脐带长度、剖宫产率、脐动脉血流S/D的值及对围产儿的影响 ,并与 2 6 9例无脐带缠绕者作比较。结果　 2 5 3例脐带缠绕组中脐带过长者明显高于无脐带缠绕组 (P <0 .0 1)。因脐带缠绕组中脐动脉血流S/D值≥ 3.0的百分率、胎儿宫内窘迫的发生率及新生儿窒息率明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,故临床剖宫产率也高于对照组。结论　脐带缠绕可对围产儿造成不良影响 ,临床应提高孕期监测、产程监护 ,从而减少对围产儿的影响 ,降低不必要的剖宫产     

胎儿脐带绕颈的彩色多普勒血流检测与临床分析

目的探讨应用彩色多普勒超声检测脐带绕颈胎儿脐动脉血流参数改变的临床意义,帮助临床选择正确的分娩方式,降低围产儿死亡率。方法以行产前（1周内）检查及分娩的足月单胎头位孕妇作为观测对象。检出脐带绕颈246例,分为脐带绕颈1周组、2周组和3周组,以60例无脐带绕颈者作为对照组,比较各组脐动脉阻力指数（RI）及收缩期最大血流速度与舒张末期最大血流速度比值（S／D）。另与843例无脐带绕颈者比较分娩方式及结果之间的差异。结果脐带绕颈1周组RI、S／D与对照组比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,脐带绕颈2、3周组RI、S／D明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。脐带绕颈组胎儿宫内窘迫率、胎儿剖宫产率及羊水过少的发生率明显高于无脐带绕颈组（P〈0．01）。结论脐动脉血流RI、S／D值是判断脐带绕颈胎儿宫内缺氧的敏感可靠指标,对临床选择合理的分娩方式。减少围产儿并发症具有指导意义。     

妊娠期高血压疾病严重程度与胎儿发育及结局的相关性研究

目的分析不同严重程度妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)患者子宫动脉血流参数与胎儿发育及结局的相关性,探讨彩色多普勒超声检测子宫动脉血流在预测胎儿结局的临床应用价值。方法将我院2015年1月～2017年6月确诊的145例HDCP孕妇根据血压和并发症情况分为妊娠高血压组55例、轻度子痫前期组48例、重度子痫前期组42例,并以同期入院的健康孕妇60例作为对照组。彩色多普勒超声检测所有孕妇子宫动脉血流阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)、收缩期与舒张期流速比(S/D),测定胎儿左右心室Tei指数,随访并记录胎儿生长受限、宫内窘迫、早产、新生儿窒息的发生情况。比较四组孕妇子宫动脉血流参数和胎儿左右心室Tei指数的差异,并分析两者之间的相关性,比较四组胎儿不良结局发生率的差异。结果妊娠高血压组、轻度子痫前期组、重度子痫前期组孕妇的子宫动脉血流参数RI、PI、S/D和胎儿左右心室Tei指数明显高于对照组(P0.05),轻度子痫前期组、重度子痫前期组明显高于妊娠高血压组(P0.05),重度子痫前期组又明显高于轻度子痫前期组(P0.05);孕妇子宫动脉血流RI、PI、S/D与胎儿左右心室Tei指数均呈正相关(P0.01);四组胎儿生长受限、宫内窘迫、早产、新生儿窒息的不良结局的发生率具有明显统计学差异(P0.01)。结论随着HDCP严重程度的增加,孕妇子宫动脉血流RI、PI、S/D与胎儿左右心室Tei指数也随之增加,且两者具有明显相关关系,胎儿不良结局的发生率也明显升高。彩色多普勒检测高血压疾病患者子宫动脉血流参数可为预测胎儿发育及不良结局的发生提供数据依据。     

彩色多普勒超声检测脐带绕颈和脐动脉血流S/D值的临床价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声（CDFI）检测脐带绕颈和脐动脉血流S／D值的临床价值。资料与方法：对82例脐带绕颈者于产前1周进行CDFI检查和脐动脉血流速度比值（S／D）测定。结果：经分娩后证实：CDFI诊断脐带绕颈的阳性准确率为100％、S／D≥3．0组胎儿宫内窘迫发生率及围产儿死亡率均显著高于S／D≤3．0组（P＜0．01）。S／D≥3．5伴有IUGR（胎儿宫内生长迟缓）发生率为100％。结论：CDFI及S／D的测定对胎儿脐带绕颈及胎儿预后的估计具有重要意义。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.