老年急性髓细胞白血病的疗效观察

 目的 研究老年急性髓细胞白血病（AML）的临床特点,寻求治疗的有效策略。方法 回顾性分析30例老年AML,在积极支持治疗下,按个体差异采取不同的化疗方案进行化疗。结果 小剂量阿糖胞苷（LD-Ara-C）组治疗7例,完全缓解（CR）率14.3 %;MA组治疗6例,CR率50.0 %;DA组治疗7例,CR率42.8 %;CAG组治疗10例,CR率60.0 %。结论 老年AML对化疗反应差,CR率低,治疗应选择积极合理、个体化的化疗方案。CAG方案CR率高,毒副作用小,治疗老年AML有一定的优势。     

FLAG方案治疗难治性和复发性急性白血病的临床分析

 目的 观察由氟达拉滨（Flud）、阿糖胞苷（Ara-C）、粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）组成的FLAG方案治疗难治性、复发性急性白血病（AL）的疗效及毒副作用。方法 用FLAG方案治疗复发性ALL 7例,难治性和复发性AML3例,慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）急变2例。结果 5例（42 %）获完全缓解（CR）,1例部分缓解（PR）,且均为复发ALL。每个疗程均出现Ⅳ度血液学毒性,74 %、48 %疗程分别有发热、出血。治疗相关性死亡率17 %。非血液学毒性主要有恶心（或呕吐）、腹泻、睑结膜充血、皮疹或皮肤潮红、一过性肝损害、药物性发热。结论 FLAG方案对复发和难治性AL有一定的疗效。骨髓毒性严重,非血液学毒性轻微。     

老年急性白血病的临床特点(附45例临床分析)

目的 :根据老年急性白血病独特的生物学及临床特征 ,寻求治疗老年急性白血病的有效措施。方法 :回顾性分析 45例老年急性白血病 ,其中 30例在积极支持治疗下 ,按个体差异采取不同的化疗方案。结果 :单药化疗组 :低增生性 8例 ,用小剂量三尖杉酯碱 CR2例 (2 5 % ) ,4例 M3用全反式维甲酸均 CR(10 0 % ) ;联合化疗组 :AL L4例 ,CR3例 (75 % ) ,AML14例 ,CR5例 (35 .7% )。30例中总 CR率 46 .7%。结论 :对老年急性白血病的化学治疗应具个体化 ,并进行综合治疗 ,才可望提高老年急性白血病的疗效。     

去甲氧柔红霉素联合阿糖胞苷治疗急性髓系白血病的疗效观察

目的:评价去甲氧柔红霉素(IDA)联合阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)(IA方案)治疗急性髓系白血病(AML)的疗效及不良反应。方法:50例AML患者,年龄10-61岁(中位年龄38岁),男27例,女23例。诱导化疗方案为IDA 10mg.m-2.d-1,d1-3;Ara-C 100mg.m-2.d-1,d1-7。结果:完全缓解率达86%,诱导化疗期间未发生早期死亡。不良反应主要为粒细胞缺乏所致的感染及血小板减少所致的出血。结论:IDA-A方案作为AML的诱导缓解化疗,安全、有效,具有较高的CR率。     

FA方案用于急性髓系白血病不同治疗阶段疗效分析

目的：评价氟达拉滨联合阿糖胞苷（FA）方案对急性髓系白血病（AML）不同治疗阶段的临床疗效。方法：根据应用FA方案治疗阶段将75例AML患者分为4组：①第1个疗程诱导化疗未缓解组21例;②2次及2次以上诱导治疗未缓解组21例;③早期复发组14例;④晚期复发组19例;其中后3组为难治复发性AML,比较不同组间疗效。结果：4组患者的完全缓解（CR）率分别为81.0%（17/21）、42.9%（9/21）、28.6%（4/14）及31.6%（6/19）。第1疗程诱导化疗未缓解组CR率明显高于复发难治性AML的CR率35.2%（19/54）（P=0.002）。Logistic回归分析结果显示既往化疗次数与CR率有显著相关性（P=0.027）。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制和继发感染。结论：对于第1个疗程化疗未缓解的AML患者,FA方案可作为一种有效的选择。     

不同剂量阿糖胞苷的DA方案治疗CD7抗原阳性急性髓系白血病疗效分析

目的探讨含不同剂量阿糖胞苷（Ara-c）的DA方案治疗CD7抗原阳性（CD7^＋）急性髓系白血病（acute myelocytic leukemia,AML）有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析45例CD7^＋AML患者,其中33例采用DA方案化疗,15例用中剂量Ara-c（IDAra-c）1.0g/（m^2.12h）,d1-3,18例用标准剂量Ara-c100～200mg/（m^2.d）,d1-5,同时联合蒽环类抗肿瘤药物,观察其完全缓解（complete remission,CR）率,评估其血液、消化道等化疗相关性不良反应。结果33例患者化疗后CR39.4%;含IDAra-c的DA方案治疗组中CR8例（53.3%）;部分缓解（PR）2例（13.3%）。18例含标准剂量Ara-c的DA方案治疗组中CR3例（16.7%）（P〈0.05）;PR4例（22.2%）。含IDAra-c的DA方案常见的不良反应为粒细胞缺乏、恶心、呕吐、脱发、肝功能异常等,但尚能耐受。结论CD7^＋AML对常规剂量化疗CR相对低,预后较差,含IDAra-c的DA方案有望提高疗效,而其不良反应尚能耐受。     

地西他滨联合CAG方案治疗不适合标准方案化疗的急性髓系白血病

目的 研究地西他滨联合CAG方案治疗不适合标准方案化疗的急性髓系白血病(AML)的安全性及有效性.方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年5月就诊的不适合常规方案化疗的20例初诊AML患者的临床资料.所有患者诱导治疗应用地西他滨联合CAG方案,缓解后治疗应用原诱导方案26例次,标准"3+7"方案治疗7例次,中剂量阿糖胞苷3例次,疗程共2~8个周期.结果 20例患者全部完成首次诱导治疗,完全缓解(CR)11例,部分缓解(PR)5例,无效(NR)4例,总有效率(ORR)80.0%(16/20).高危组ORR 69.2%(9/13),中低危组ORR 100.0%(7/7).伴有骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)相关改变的AML患者ORR 60.0%(6/10).诱导过程发生感染8例(40.0%).死亡2例,死因均为肺部感染.平均输注红细胞(9.1±5.7)U,平均输注血小板(57.5±51.9)U.中性粒细胞恢复时间(8.7±5.6)d.所有患者至少随访1年,共死亡12例.3个月、6个月及1年总生存率分别为85.0%、80.0%及40.0%,获得CR的12例患者3个月、6个月及1年无复发生存率分别为75.0%、75.0%及65.6%.结论 地西他滨联合CAG方案耐受性好,诱导缓解率高,可用于不适合标准方案化疗的AML的一线治疗.     

急性白血病强化治疗中原幼细胞一过性升高现象

急性白血病完全缓解(CR)后的巩固强化治疗是目前白血病患者长期生存的关键所在,中等剂量阿糖胞苷(ID-A)强化治疗是近几年兴起的较为有效的方法之一.我院于1994年1月至1998年10月,应用ID-A对38例急性髓性白血病(AML)患者进行CR后强化治疗,发现其中8例骨髓中原始、早幼粒细胞或原幼单核细胞(下称原幼细胞)不同程度的一过性升高,但随访3～12月患者仍为CR状态.现报告如下.     

CAG方案治疗老年急性髓细胞白血病的临床观察

 目的 观察CAG方案对老年急性髓细胞白血病（AML）的疗效。方法 老年初治AML患者25例,以CAG方案进行诱导缓解化疗,观察有效率和副作用。结果 CR率48 %,PR率12 %,总有效率60 %;结论 CAG方案可作为初治老年AML的有效方案。     

吡喃阿霉素为主联合化疗治疗老年急性白血病23例

目的：观察吡喃阿霉素(THP)联合化疗治疗老年急性白血病的疗效及其毒副作用。方法：对23例老年急性白血病患者进行THP为主联合化疗，年龄为l60岁-81岁(平均67岁)，ALL用VTP方案，AML用TA方案。ALL5例，AML17例。CML急淋变1例。结果：CR9例，PR5例，有效率60．9％。主要毒副作用为骨髓抑制及消化道反应。2倒脱发，1例EKG有一过性ST改变。未发现肝肾毒性。结论：THP为主的化疗方案应用于老年急性白血病，有效率高。毒副作用小，是安全、有效的诱导方案。     

Efficacy and safety of induction chemotherapy consisting of anthracycline for 3 days and cytarabine for 7 days in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia

Optimal therapeutic strategy for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia has not been established. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 24 patients who underwent induction chemotherapy, consisting of anthracycline for 3 days and cytarabine for 7 days. Regimens of induction therapy included cytarabine and daunorubicin (n=19), cytarabine and idarubicine (n=3), enocitabine and daunorubicin (n=2). Eleven patients (45.8%) achieved complete remission (CR). Three patients (12.5%) died without relapse or of progression underlying diseases. Of the 11 patients who achieved CR, 9 received consolidation therapy. The median survival was 11.2 months, and the median of event-free survival and overall survival in the patients who achieved CR was 9.4 months and 21.6 months, respectively. This study indicated that induction chemotherapy which consisted of anthracycline for 3 days and cytarabine for 7 days is effective and safe for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia.     

Clinical effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on neutrophils and leukemic cells in myelogenous leukemia: analysis.

Clinical experiences with recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in 13 acute (AML) and four chronic (CML) myelogenous leukemia patients are reported. Sixteen patients received rhG-CSF in support of treatment for life threatening infections and one CML patient in support of induction chemotherapy. After their first induction chemotherapy, six out of eight AML patients showed a rapid increase of neutrophils, recovered from infections and achieved complete remission (CR). One patient, in whom both neutrophils and blasts had increased during rhG-CSF administration, achieved CR through the next administration of chemotherapy (CR rate 87.5%). The last of the eight AML patients showed no increase of neutrophils, and died of interstitial pneumonitis. Two of five AML patients who received rhG-CSF after reinduction chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory leukemia achieved CR, a rate of 40%. In one of the two, the administration of rhG-CSF prior to induction chemotherapy seemed advantageous in achieving CR. During rhG-CSF administration, an increase of blastic cells in peripheral blood was observed in four out of all 13 AML patients. One of three CML patients, with a lymphoid crisis, showed an increase only of neutrophils, and recovered from infection. The other two showed increases of both neutrophils and blasts. One patient with CML in blastic crisis, undergoing induction chemotherapy with rhG-CSF administration, returned to the chronic phase. These clinical experiences suggest rhG-CSF to be effective in supporting infection therapy and in possibly enhancing the sensitivity of myelogenous leukemic blasts to antileukemic agents.     

Mitoxantrone for refractory and relapsed acute leukemia

Seventy-seven patients with relapsed or refractory acute leukemia and three with acute blastic chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) were treated in an open Phase II study using mitoxantrone 12 mg/m2 intravenously daily X 5 days. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 32 of 80 (40%), including 23/45 (52%) with relapsed acute nonlymmphocytic leukemia (ANLL), four of 12 (33%) with relapsed acute lymphocytic leukemia ALL, four of 17 (24%) with ANLL refractory to daunorubicin + cytosine arabinoside, and one of three (33%) with refractory ALL. None of the patients with acute blastic CML achieved CR. Median survival time for all patients was 121 days. Median duration of complete response was 303 days with ten of 32 patients in continuing CR for periods varying from 44+ to 1210+ days. Apart from moderately prolonged hematologic suppression toxicity was mild and subjective side effects were tolerable. Mitoxantrone is an active agent in the treatment of acute leukemia and demonstrates incomplete cross resistance with duanorubicin. Mitoxantrone should be considered for first-line therapy in ANLL.     

CAT方案治疗难治性急性髓系白血病的临床观察

目的：初步观察CAT(环磷酰胺、阿糖胞苷、拓扑替康)方案对难治性急性髓系白血病(AML)的近期临床疗效并评价此方案的不良副作用。方法：选择8例难治性AML(原发难治性AML3例，AML伴多系形态发育异常，此前有MDS病史患者3例，慢性粒细胞白血病AML变2例)．应用CAT方案治疗，其中4例治疗1疗程，其余4例治疗2疗程。结果：1例在骨髓抑制期死于感染性休克．可评价疗效7例，1例达完全缓解(CR)，3例达部分缓解(PR)，1例CML急变患者经2疗程后回到慢性期，总有效率71．4％(5/7例)，中位生存期为6．5(0．3—22^ )个月。主要不良副作用为骨髓抑制。结论：CAT方案为高危MDS、加速／急变期CML和继发于MDS的AML患者的一个有效且毒性可耐受的治疗新方案。     

MRC UKALL Ⅻ／ECOG E2993方案诱导缓解成年人急性淋巴细胞白血病的初步疗效观察

 目的　观察MRC UKALL Ⅻ／ECOG E2993方案诱导缓解中国成年人急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）的疗效和患者不良反应。方法　采用MRC UKALL Ⅻ／ECOG E2993诱导缓解方案治疗初治的11例ALL患者。结果　11例患者均达到完全缓解（CR）,CR率100 %,其中8例患者在第一阶段治疗结束后即达CR。在可随访的8例患者中,5例持续CR,最长生存期30个月,3例复发。该方案骨髓抑制较为强烈,对肝功能有一定影响,主要表现为丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶升高,经对症治疗后肝功能多可恢复正常。11例患者中无一例因治疗相关死亡。结论　MRC UKALL Ⅻ／ECOG E2993方案适用于中国成年人ALL的诱导化疗。     

Therapy of advanced myelodysplastic syndrome with aggressive chemotherapy

Nine patients with advanced stages of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) received aggressive chemotherapy with high-dose cytarabine or with a standard acute myeloid leukemic regimen. Six of them were in frank acute myeloid leukemic phase. The mean age was 57 years (range 32-71). Seven patients obtained remission, 6 complete remission (CR) and 1 partial remission. The induction remission rate was 77.7%. There were 2 deaths in the aplasia period because of infectious complications. The mean duration aplasia was 36 days (range 21-69). In spite of this all responders received further consolidation chemotherapy. The mean duration of CR was 10 months. We concluded that patients with MDS with excess of blasts and blastic transformation may be treated with aggressive chemotherapy with low toxicity and high remission rate, similarly to de novo acute myeloid leukemia.     

妊娠合并急性白血病39例临床特征及预后分析

目的 探讨妊娠合并急性白血病(AL)患者的临床特征及预后情况.方法 收集2010年1月至2017年4月在郑州大学第一附属医院血液科就诊的39例单胎妊娠合并AL患者临床资料,回顾性分析其临床特征及预后情况.结果 除孕前发病1例外,妊娠早、中、晚期AL患者所占比例分别为23.7％(9/38)、52.6％(20/38)、23.7％(9/38).共31例患者接受化疗,妊娠早、中、晚期患者化疗完全缓解(CR)率分别为71.4％(5/7)、94.1％(16/17)、100.0％(7/7).31例流产或引产,8例剖宫产产下活婴.22例存在染色体核型异常,主要为与分型相关的特异性染色体重排;AML患者高表达CD117、CD13、CD33、CD38,ALL患者高表达CD19、CD38、CD22、cCD79a、CD58.诱导治疗后微小残留病(MRD)阳性的10例患者CR7例,CR后复发4例,死亡7例,而MRD阴性患者19例均获CR,CR后复发5例,死亡9例.所有患者中,29例为AML,10例为ALL,CR率分别为95.7％(22/23)、75.0％(6/8).所有患者1年生存率53.1％,2年生存率26.4％,其中AML患者生存率高于ALL患者.结论 妊娠合并AL患者临床特征复杂,需全面综合处理;MRD是预后判断的重要指征;ALL患者预后较AML差.     

Extramedullary tumors of myeloid blasts in adults as a pattern of relapse following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

BACKGROUND: Extramedullary tumors of lymphoid and myeloid blasts outside the well-defined sanctuaries following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) are rare. Little is known about the biology, treatment, and outcome of these tumors in this setting. METHODS: In this retrospective analysis, 134 consecutive patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who underwent allo-BMT at a single institution between 1990 and 1998 were reviewed. Five cases of isolated extramedullary myeloid sarcoma that occurred as patterns of recurrence following allo-BMT between 1990 and 1998 are reported. These patients were treated with radiotherapy, systemic chemotherapy, or a second allo-BMT. Clinical outcome is compared with posttransplantation bone marrow relapses observed during the same period at the same institution. The literature on the clinical characteristics, currently available treatment, and outcome of posttransplantation myeloid sarcoma patients was reviewed. RESULTS: Excluding isolated skin and central nervous system recurrences, the frequency of extramedullary myeloid sarcoma encountered as a relapse pattern following allo-BMT was determined to be 3.7% among patients with acute or chronic leukemia of myeloid origin. The survival of patients who were managed with radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy was less than 4 months. A patient who underwent a second allo-BMT following local radiotherapy is alive and in complete remission more than 33 months after the diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma. The median survival of 17 patients with posttransplantation bone marrow relapse following allo-BMT was 2.2 months. When posttransplantation medullary recurrences are analyzed, patients with CML had a median survival of 12 months, with a significantly better 5-year survival rate than patients with AML (0 vs. 60%, P = 0.015; median survival, 12 months). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical outcomes of patients with recurrent isolated extramedullary myeloid sarcoma following allo-BMT are poor, as in any leukemic relapse, with the exception of patients with CML in this setting.     

Evaluation of 58 patients with acute leukemia]

We made a retrospective study of 44 patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and 14 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) admitted to our hospital from September 1984 to May 1991. The complete remission (CR) rate of ANLL was 90.9%, against 85.7% for ALL. The 5-year survival of ANLL was 50.7%, and that of ANLL under age 60 years was 70.3%. The 2-year median survival of ALL was 35.1%. These results were obtained with response-oriented individualized therapy, and intensive chemotherapy with a view to eradication of residual leukemic cells. Eight elderly patients with ANLL were treated with cytosine arabinoside in low doses. Complete remission was achieved in 6 patients, but these cases relapsed. These treatments should be reconsidered for long CR duration. Our schedules of response-oriented individualized therapy were too flexible to apply at another institute so they should be arranged for general application.     

Intensified induction chemotherapy in adult acute myeloid leukemia followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trial (E4995)

The feasibility of intensified therapy in adults < 61-years-old with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was evaluated by adding high-dose cytarabine (HDAC) to conventional induction therapy and in post-remission therapy prior to peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Patients were treated with conventional induction therapy (daunorubicin days 1-3 and cytarabine days 1-7), followed by HDAC (2 gm/M2) every 12 h ( x 6) on days 8-10. Patients in complete remission (CR) with HLA-matched siblings were assigned to allogeneic PBSCT; the others received two courses of HDAC (3 gm/M2 every 12 h on days 1, 3, and 5) given 1 month apart. Peripheral blood stem cells were then harvested and infused after high-dose chemotherapy. Of 62 eligible, evaluable patients, 47 (76%) achieved CR. The mortality rate was 10% (6 patients); no deaths occurred during the two post-remission courses of HDAC. Fifteen patients were assigned to allogeneic PBSCT and 32 to autologous PBSCT. All surviving patients have been followed for more than 4 years. Including all patients scheduled to receive autoPBSCT in an intent-to-treat analysis, after a median 5-year follow-up the current, non-actuarial, four-year event-free and overall survival was 47% and 47%, respectively. Intensified induction therapy was associated with more toxicity than conventional induction therapy, and the CR rate did not improve. Nevertheless, intensive post-remission therapy was well tolerated, no treatment-related mortality occurred with autologous PBSCT, and disease-free survival and overall survival were lengthy.