The effect of chlorthalidone on blood sugar and glucose tolerance in the rat

Chlorthalidone, in high doses, failed significantly to influence blood sugar or intravenous glucose tolerance in the rat, following the intraperitoneal injection of single doses or 28 day oral treatment with the drug (100 mg/kg daily). The significant effect of the drug in stimulating glucose transfer in everted sacs prepared from rat intestine may explain the trend towards altered oral glucose tolerance observed. Chlorthalidone failed significantly to influence the blood sugar of alloxan diabetic rats and did not modify glucose uptake by rat-hemidiaphragm muscle or epididymal adipose tissue incubated in vitro in the presence or absence of insulin.     

Effect of diuretics on mouse blood sugar following single dose administration

1. Frusemide, in doses which were maximal or supramaximal in respect of its natriuretic, diuretic and kaliuretic properties, produced a dose dependent, transient hyperglycaemic response in the mouse.2. Bilateral nephrectomy resulted in a complete abolition of the hyperglycaemic response.3. The hyperglycaemic response was accompanied by a decrease in liver glycogen and was significantly attenuated by adrenalectomy, adrenal demedullation and pretreatment with dihydroergotamine (DHE).4. In the nephrectomized mouse frusemide treatment produced a marked reduction in intravenous glucose tolerance and a reduction in the plasma concentration of immunoreactive insulin following glucose administration. The drug had no detectable effect upon insulin sensitivity.5. Hydrochlorothiazide exerted no detectable effect on mouse blood sugar.6. Ethacrynic acid hyperglycaemia was obtainable after intraperitoneal or intramuscular injection, but not after intravenous injection. Intravenously administered ethacrynic acid exerted no effect upon intravenous glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity in the nephrectomized mouse.     

木姜叶柯总黄酮对大小鼠血糖和糖耐量的影响

目的 探讨木姜叶柯总黄酮对大小鼠血糖和糖耐量的影响.方法 采用遗传性高血糖小鼠、四氧嘧啶诱发高血糖小鼠模型、链脲菌素诱发大鼠高血糖模型,观察木姜叶柯总黄酮对大小鼠血糖和糖耐量的影响.结果 与模型组比较,木姜叶柯总黄酮低、中、高剂量(50、100、200 mg/kg)给药,明显降低遗传性高血糖小鼠的空腹血糖(P＜0.05);显著降低四氧嘧啶诱发高血糖小鼠的空腹血糖(P＜0.05),同时能显著改善其糖耐量(P＜0.05).木姜叶柯总黄酮低、中、高剂量(30、60、120 mg/kg)给药明显降低链脲菌素诱发高血糖大鼠的空腹血糖(P＜0.05)并能显著改善高血糖大鼠糖耐量(P＜0.05).结论 木姜叶柯总黄酮能显著改善高血糖大小鼠的血糖水平和糖耐量,提示其可用于糖尿病的治疗.     

硒驯化平菇对老年期大鼠血脂、血糖的影响

用富硒平菇饲喂衰老 wister大鼠 ,观察血液有关指标。结果显示适当剂量的富硒平菇 ,可以提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性 ,提高血清清蛋白和高密度脂蛋白的含量 ,降低血清脂质过氧化物、总胆固醇、甘油三脂含量和维持衰老大鼠的正常血糖     

The effect of clozapine on blood glucose metabolism

The aim of this prospective study was to examine the effect of clozapine on blood glucose metabolism compared with haloperidol. Oral glucose tolerance tests were taken every week for 8 weeks to assess the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance and glycemic peak delay in 19 patients of the clozapine group compared with 15 patients of the haloperidol group. There were two dropouts in the clozapine group and five in the haloperidol group. Finally 17 patients in the clozapine group and 10 patients in the haloperidol group participated in this study. In the clozapine group, six patients (35%) had impaired glucose tolerance, and seven patients (41%) had glycemic peak delay. In the haloperidol group, no patient (0%) had impaired glucose tolerance, and one patient (10%) had glycemic peak delay. None of either group developed diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, the clozapine group had more impaired glucose tolerance and glycemic peak delay than the haloperidol group. However, this difference did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.056, p = 0.189). Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of melatonin on glucose tolerance and blood glucose circadian rhythm in rabbits

Experimental studies on pinealectomized animals and in vitro studies using pancreatic tissue, have indicated that the pineal gland has a suppressive effect on the pancreatic B cells which secrete insulin. In this study, melatonin, was injected into rabbits and a statistically significant decrease in glucose tolerance was noted. The effect of melatonin in influencing the circadian rhythm of blood glucose was also studied in rabbits. Results showed that melatonin influences the circadian rhythm leading to a shift in the occurrence of minimum levels from 16.00 hr to 04.00 hr (next day) during fasting and from 16.00 hr to 20.00 hr during feeding. Also melatonin treatment lead to a statistically significant rise in blood glucose levels. It is probable that melatonin administration reduces glucose tolerance and influences the blood glucose circadian rhythm mainly through its effects on insulin release by pancreatic B cells.     

妊娠期糖尿病及糖耐量受损对母婴的影响

目的 探讨妊娠期糖尿病及糖耐量受损对母婴的影响.方法 2007年1月～2008年6月在我院进行定期产前检查孕妇1835例,其中确诊妊娠期糖耐量受损(GIGT)82例,妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)56例.比较妊娠期糖耐量受损,妊娠期糖尿病及正常孕妇的母婴结局.结果 妊娠期糖耐量受损孕妇羊水过多、巨大儿、胎儿窘迫,新生儿低血糖、早产及剖宫产率均高于正常组.妊娠期糖尿病(未治疗组)孕妇妊娠高血压疾病、胎膜早破、羊水过多、胎儿窘迫、巨大儿、早产、胎儿畸形发生率及剖腹产率高于正常组(P<0.05),差异有显著性意义.结论 GDM与GIGT均是影响孕妇及围生儿结局,导致母婴近期远期严重并发症的重要因素,临床医师应重视孕期糖代谢异常的筛查、诊断和治疗.同时加强产后随访,降低2型糖尿病的发生.     

妊娠期糖耐量受损对妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨妊娠期糖耐量受损（GIGT）对妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析本院2006年8月至2008年7月住院分娩的GIGT孕妇124例、妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）孕妇170例及100例50g糖筛查正常孕妇的妊娠结局。结果GIGT和GDM组剖宫产、妊娠期高血压疾病、胎儿窘迫、巨大儿、早产的发生率均高于对照组（P〈0．05）,而两组对妊娠结局的影响无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论GIGT的妊娠结局与GDM相似,应及时干预及管理,从而降低母婴并发症。     

二甲双胍对肥胖型糖耐量减低的干预作用

目的 观察二甲双胍对肥胖型糖耐量减低（IGT）患者糖代谢血脂及体重及其转归的影响。方法 对107例IGT患者进行为期1年的对照性二甲双胍治疗研究。结果 治疗组1年间转变为糖尿病（DM）者2例（4．34％），维持IGT者5例（10．87％），转变为正常者39例（84．78％），而对照组上述病例数分别为5（10．42％）、32（66．67％）和11（22．92％）。与对照组相比，二甲双胍治疗能改善空腹血糖、餐后血糖和体重指数（BMI），差异均有显著性意义（P＜0．05）。结论 提示二甲双胍非常适用于肥胖型IGT患者的干预治疗。     

阿卡波糖对糖耐量低减患者的心血管疾病的预防

目的评价阿卡波糖对糖耐量低减（IGT）患者的心血管疾病的预防作用。方法选择168例行口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）诊断为IGT的患者，随机分为两组，治疗组给予阿卡波糖，观察2年心血管事件的发生率。结果治疗组冠心病的发病率为9．30％，对照组冠心病的发病率为21．95％，两组比较，P〈0．05差异有统计学意义。结论阿卡波糖对IGT患者能够显著降低心血管事件的发生。     

美托洛尔治疗舒张期高血压对血糖的影响

目的 探讨美托洛尔治疗舒张期高血压对血糖的影响.方法 选择120例舒张期高血压患者,随机分为研究组与对照组,每组各60例,研究组给予美托洛尔,对照组给予非洛地平,疗程12个月,治疗中定期检测和比较血糖、血压情况.结果 两组治疗后舒张压均较治疗前降低(均P ＜0.05),但两组间治疗前后舒张压差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组治疗1、3、6个月时空腹血糖(GLU)、餐后2h血糖(P2hPG)与治疗前无明显差异,但研究组治疗12个月后GLU、P2hPG[分别为(6.23±0.89)、(7.46±0.71) mmol/L]较治疗前[分别为(4.97±0.52)、(5.21±0.69) mmol/L]及同期对照组[(5.13±0.48)、(5.16±0.67) mmoL/L]均高(均P ＜0.05).结论 美托洛尔治疗舒张期高血压效果较好,长期用药(1年或以上)对血糖有一定升高作用,但未发现其他不良反应,安全性尚好.     

糖尿病患者围手术期的血糖控制及其疗效分析

目的探讨糖尿病患者围手术期血糖控制及其疗效影响因素.方法回顾分析8年间收治79例并发糖尿病的腹部外科手术患者的临床资料.结果79例糖尿病患者经积极有效的血糖控制,术前血糖为7.0～11.0mmol/L,术中血糖为8.3～13.9mmoL/L,术后血糖控制在7.8mmoL/L以下.术后切口感染2例,肺部感染3例,泌尿系统感染3例,所有病例未发生酮症酸中毒和死亡.结论糖尿病患者围手术期只要对血糖进行有效的控制和选择合理的麻醉方式,以防治感染,促进伤口愈合,完全可以达到理想的治疗效果.     

化疗药物对卵巢癌患者血糖异常的影响

目的：探讨化疗药物对卵巢癌患者血糖升高的影响。方法回顾性分析2005年1月-2010年10月在河北联合大学附属医院妇科住院236例卵巢癌（化疗前合并糖尿病者除外）患者化疗前后的血糖检测结果及影响因素。结果化疗后18例患者空腹血糖升高（7.63%）,其中明确诊断为糖尿病4例（1.69%）。紫杉醇类药物对血糖的影响明显高于其他药物化疗,2组比较差异有统计学意义（ P﹤0.05）。结论卵巢癌患者接受化疗药物后可能发生血糖异常,甚至发生糖耐量减低或糖尿病,应加强监测,及时处理。