宫颈癌卵巢移位术

卵巢移位术是用于妇女在盆腔放射治疗前将卵巢移位于放射野以外部位以保存卵巢功能的手术方法。它能够使宫颈癌放射治疗后继续保存卵巢功能，从而免除因内分泌功能紊乱所带给病人的痛苦，使治疗后的日常生活障碍减少到最低限度，提高生存质量。本文对宫颈癌卵巢移位术和盆腔放疗后卵巢功能，宫颈癌卵巢转移，移位的卵巢功能与卵巢照射剂量和卵巢位置的关系、宫颈癌卵巢移位术的年龄、部位、方法和并发症等问题作一简要综述。     

宫颈癌放疗卵巢外侧移位的结果

为绝经前宫颈癌术后放疗患者保留卵巢功能,卵巢外侧移位(LOT)是一种较有用的技术。1978年～1988年作者对38例Ⅰ期宫颈癌病人作了LOT,分单纯LOT组24例,LOT加盆腔放疗组(LOT+ RT)14例(右侧LOT 6例,左侧2例,双侧6例)。14例因高危因素如淋巴结转移或手术切缘阳性及复发,术后行盆腔放疗(前后二野,总盆腔剂量4 000～4 800cGy),其中10例(71%)保留了卵巢功能。     

宫颈癌患者卵巢腹腔内移位术后功能随访分析

目的 通过对宫颈癌患者卵巢移位术后3～5年卵巢功能的随访，探讨卵巢移位术的临床价值。方法 收集1997～2002年我科收治的绝经前宫颈癌患者19例在行宫颈癌根治术的同时行卵巢移位术的临床资料。分析术后3～5年内卵巢功能。结果 （1）19例患者均为绝经前患病，年龄27～43岁。平均36岁，宫颈原位癌5例，鳞癌Ⅰb期8例，Ⅰ／a期6例；（2）19例中双侧卵巢移位7例，单侧卵巢移位12例，随诊年限最长5年，最短3年，平均47．4个月；（3）术后行体外照射放疗8例，5例于放疗后6个月内出现阴遭灼热感、潮热、出汗等更年期症状，1年后症状改善3例。2例无改善（40岁以上）；未行放疗的11例中有2例术后2年出现卵巢功能减退的表现（42岁以上）。结论 宫颈癌患者根治术中行卵巢移位术，可保留卵巢功能，提高患者术后生活质量，有效率78.95％。同时移位术较移植术简单；术后卵巢功能减退可能与年龄有关，放疗对卵巢功能的影响与卵巢移位术的位置有关。     

改良式卵巢移位术在子宫颈癌根治术中的应用

目的 :观察对 4 5岁以下的子宫颈癌患者施行改良式卵巢移位术后的并发症和卵巢内分泌变化。方法 :改良式卵巢移位术组 (侧中腹腹膜内卵巢移位术 ) 4 2例 ,对照组 (侧中腹腹膜外卵巢移位术 ) 16例。两组 5 8例病例术前和术后 (包括放疗后 )半年 ,均用微粒子化学发光法测定血清性激素。结果 :5 8例患者术前和术后 6月卵巢功能均无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。但改良式卵巢移位术组无一例发生并发症 ,而对照组并发症发生率为 4 3.75 % ,差异有非常显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :任何一种卵巢移位术 ,只要卵巢远离盆腔 ,术后即可避免放疗破坏卵巢功能。但在减轻并发症方面 ,腹膜内卵巢移位术明显优于腹膜外卵巢移位术。     

宫颈鳞癌卵巢悬吊术后辅助放化疗对卵巢功能影响研究

目的 探讨宫颈鳞癌患者行卵巢悬吊术后辅助放化疗对卵巢功能的影响。方法 收集2008-2014年中国医科大学附属盛京医院收治的308例ⅠA~ⅡA期宫颈鳞癌行广泛性子宫切除术+盆（腹）腔淋巴清扫术+卵巢悬吊术的患者资料,按年龄（≥40岁和＜40岁）、悬吊卵巢的数量（单侧和双侧）、术后是否辅助治疗（辅助化疗、辅助放疗、辅助放化疗）分组。随访患者术后6个月情况,采用改良的围绝经期综合征量表（改良Kupperman评分表）评分,观察其卵巢功能受损症状出现情况。结果 按年龄、悬吊卵巢的数量分组之间改良Kupperman评分比较差异均无统计意义（P>0.05）。手术+放疗组、手术+放化疗组分别与手术组间改良Kupperman评分比较、手术+放疗组与手术+化疗组间改良Kupperman评分比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。手术+化疗组与手术组,手术+化疗组与手术+放化疗组,手术+放疗组与手术+放化疗组之间改良Kupperman评分比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 宫颈鳞癌行卵巢悬吊术患者术后辅助放疗或放化疗易影响卵巢的内分泌功能。年龄、悬吊卵巢的数量及术后辅助化疗与卵巢功能是否受损可能无关。     

宫颈癌卵巢移位术后盆腔放疗对卵巢功能的影响

1宫颈癌患者卵巢移位的必要性 宫颈癌有年轻化趋势，且由于宫颈鳞癌转移到卵巢较少，尤其在早期患者，卵巢转移更为少见，Sutton等报道ⅠB期宫颈癌990例，其中鳞癌的卵巢转移率为0．5％（4／770）。此外，目前认为卵巢分泌的性腺激素与宫颈鳞癌的发生无明确关系，保留卵巢不会对宫颈癌产生不良后果，所以，宫颈鳞状细胞癌患者保留卵巢是可行的。但文献报道宫颈腺癌和腺鳞癌的卵巢转移率可高达18．6％，因此，对此类患者应慎行卵巢移位术。     

宫颈鳞癌患者放疗前行腹腔镜卵巢移位术30例临床效果分析

目的:探讨宫颈鳞癌患者在放疗前行腹腔镜下卵巢移位术对卵巢内分泌功能的影响。方法:研究组(n=30):选择40岁以下ⅡB～ⅢA期宫颈鳞癌患者,在放疗前行腹腔镜下卵巢移位术;对照组(n=20)为同期确诊的40岁以下ⅡB～ⅢA期宫颈鳞癌患者,未接受卵巢移位术直接放疗者。两组分别于放疗前、放疗后12月测患者卵泡期血清E2、FSH和LH水平,行围绝经期综合征量表(Kupperma)评分,观察其围绝经期症状出现情况。结果:研究组和对照组放疗前患者的E2、FSH和LH水平及均Kupperman评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组放疗后12个月16例出现卵巢功能下降,对照组则2例出现卵巢功能下降,18例出现卵巢功能丧失;两组间激素水平及Kupperman评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:年轻晚期宫颈鳞癌患者放疗前行腹腔镜下卵巢移位术,可使卵巢功能得到一定的保护。     

年轻宫颈癌患者卵巢移植和卵巢移位术研究

目的 探讨年轻早期子宫颈癌患者卵巢移植和移位手术效果。方法 ２６例中２例行卵巢移植术，２４例行卵巢移位术。结果 卵巢移植者，术后９￣１５个月功能恢复正常。卵巢移位者组，术后未接受放疗的９例患者卵巢功能正常，卵巢功能平均持续６．２４年；１５例术后辅以放疗，１４例保持卵巢功能，卵巢功能平均持续４．５年。     

盆腔恶性肿瘤放疗前卵巢移位术中国专家共识（2023年版）

<正>1前言卵巢移位术作为保留卵巢功能的手术，最早于1958年由McCall首次描述，提出将正常卵巢移位至盆腔放射野外，是避免术后卵巢放射性损伤的有效方法^[1]。多项来自不同国家、随访时间长达10年的临床研究数据证实，部分早期恶性肿瘤患者进行卵巢移位术是安全、有效的手术方式，可以避免盆腔放疗导致的卵巢早衰^[2]。患有盆腔恶性肿瘤需要接受放射治疗的年轻女性患者可通过卵巢移位术保留卵巢功能。卵巢对放疗非常敏感，低剂量放疗即可对年轻患者的卵巢内分泌功能造成不可逆的损伤，导致卵巢去势，除丧失生育功能之外，卵巢未得以保护而接受盆     

年轻宫颈癌患者卵巢移位临床效果初步分析

目的　探讨宫颈癌患者卵巢移位术的临床意义。方法　收集 1 999年 9月～ 2 0 0 2年 1月间北京大学人民医院妇科收治的 1 4例绝经前患者在手术治疗的同时行卵巢移位术的临床资料 ,分析术后患者的更年期症状 ,并与临床特征进行比较。结果　① 1 4例患者均为绝经前 ,平均年龄 37 36岁 (2 7～ 4 3岁 ) ,宫颈原位癌累腺 2例、Ia 3例、Ib7例、Ⅱa2例 ;② 1 4例患者中 ,双侧卵巢移位术 6例 ,随访 8 3个月 ,5例未出现更年期症状 ;单侧卵巢移位 8例 ,4例无更年期症状 ;③术后辅助治疗 6例 ,均为宫颈浸润癌术后辅助放疗和 /或化疗 ,其中 5例分别于术后 6～ 1 8个月出现更年期症状 ,术后未辅助治疗 8例 ,其中 1例 (4 3岁 )于术后 6个月出现更年期症状。结论　宫颈癌患者术中行卵巢移位术 ,可保留卵巢的功能 ,但术后辅助放疗仍直接影响卵巢的功能 ,卵巢移位术的临床价值 ,有待进一步探讨     

Sequelae of lateral ovarian transposition in unirradiated cervical cancer patients

The sequelae of lateral ovarian transposition (LOT) in cervical cancer patients has been examined only in the light of the effect of pelvic radiation therapy on ovarian preservation. Preservation of ovarian function has not been examined in the absence of radiation therapy, and symptomatic ovarian cyst formation in transposed ovaries with the need for subsequent surgery has not been addressed in either radiated or unirradiated cervical cancer patients. We studied 84 premenopausal FIGO stage IA or IB cervical cancer patients treated by primary radical hysterectomy between the years 1978 and 1988. None of these patients received adjuvant radiation therapy. Fifty-nine of eight-four patients had radical hysterectomy (RH) without LOT. These patients were compared to 25 of 84 patients who had LOT in addition to RH. The incidence of symptomatic ovarian cysts, the majority requiring operative intervention, was 24% in the ovarian transposition patients as compared to 7.4% in those who had RH alone. This threefold increase in symptomatic benign ovarian cyst formation in the translocated ovary was significant (P = .048). On the other hand, LOT in these RH patients does not appear to increase the incidence of early menopause (P greater than 0.05). On follow-up of those patients who did not incur additional surgery or radiation, 4.3% became menopausal, as compared to 4.1% of those patients undergoing RH alone, with the mean ages of the two groups being comparable.     

放疗对早期子宫颈癌患者移位卵巢功能的影响

目的探讨放疗对早期(Ⅰ~Ⅱa期)宫颈癌患者移位卵巢功能的影响。方法对早期宫颈癌患者62例行广泛性全子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结切除加双侧卵巢结肠旁沟侧方移位术,术后随访患者有无绝经期症状,并测定血清中卵泡刺激素和雌二醇水平以判定卵巢功能。62例患者中, 30例未予任何放疗(G0组); 17例患者仅术前接受了A点剂量为15Gy的腔内后装治疗(G1组); 15例术后予以45~50Gy盆腔外照射(G2组),其中14例术前已接受了放疗(方法同G1组)。结果G0、G1和G2组患者卵巢功能衰竭的发生率分别为20% (6 /30)、35% (6 /17)和64% (9 /14),分别两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0 01); 3组术后发生卵巢功能衰竭的患者中,其平均衰竭时间分别为15 7、12 0和9 2个月,分别两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0 05)。2例(3% )发生了移位卵巢囊肿,未发现卵巢转移。结论早期宫颈癌患者术前或术后放疗均能明显引起卵巢功能衰竭,甚至卵巢移位手术本身也会影响卵巢的功能。     

子宫颈癌患者卵巢腹腔内移位术后卵巢功能的评价

目的探讨宫颈癌患者行卵巢腹腔内移位术后卵巢的功能.方法收集1999年9月-2004年1月间,北京大学人民医院妇科收治的28例手术治疗同时行卵巢腹腔内移位术的绝经前宫颈癌患者的临床资料,定期随访患者的围绝经期症状,并测定外周血血清雌二醇、卵泡刺激素（FSH）水平,B超测定移位卵巢的位置及大小,将随访结果与临床特征进行比较.结果 （1）单侧及双侧卵巢移位术与围绝经期症状的关系：行双侧卵巢移位术患者14例,平均随访17.4个月,6例（43%）出现围绝经期症状;单侧卵巢移位术14例（右侧4例,左侧10例）,平均随访14.2个月,7例（50%）出现围绝经期症状,单、双侧卵巢移位术患者的围绝经期症状发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.（2）移位卵巢位置与围绝经期症状的关系：有16例患者测定了移位卵巢的位置,位于髂前上棘上2 cm水平以上者10例,有4例（40%）出现围绝经期症状;移位卵巢位于髂前上棘上2 cm水平以下者6例,有4例（4/6）出现围绝经期症状.移位卵巢位于髂前上棘上2 cm水平以上者围绝经期症状发生率低于髂前上棘上2 cm水平以下者,但两者比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.（3）术后辅助治疗与围绝经期症状的关系：有13例患者术后行辅助放疗和（或）化疗,其中11例（85%）出现围绝经期症状;术后未辅助治疗者15例,其中2例（13%）出现围绝经期症状,两者比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.（4）辅助放疗与移位卵巢位置的关系：13例术后放疗患者中,12例测量了移位卵巢的位置,位于髂前上棘上2 cm水平以下者3例,均出现围绝经期症状,其中2例伴血清雌二醇水平下降和FSH升高;移位卵巢位于髂前上棘上2 cm水平以上者9例,有7例出现围绝经期症状,其中5例伴有血清雌二醇水平下降和FSH升高.结论移位一侧或双侧卵巢对术后围绝经期症状的发生无明显影响;将卵巢移位于髂前上棘上2 cm水平以上并不能避免盆腔放疗对卵巢的损伤,术后辅助放疗仍显著影响移位卵巢的功能.     

Ovarian function after radical hysterectomy with ovarian preservation for cervical cancer

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the function of preserved ovaries following radical hysterectomy in premenopausal women with cervical carcinoma and to attempt to identify clinical factors influencing ovarian function. STUDY DESIGN: Between 1991 and 1998, 33 premenopausal patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IB and II cervical cancer underwent radical hysterectomy with ovarian preservation, including lateral ovarian transposition in 20 patients. In 12 cases of squamous cell carcinoma with deep stromal invasion or a suspicious, positive node, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was performed. Postoperative whole pelvic radiotherapy was administered to 11 patients. Ovarian function was evaluated by serum FSH level during the follow-up period, 12 months to 9 years. RESULTS: Fifteen of 33 patients became climacteric after treatment. Ten of 12 patients over 40 years old became climacteric, as did 5 of 21 under 39 (P = .0013). Using multiple regression analysis, a significant correlation between ovarian dysfunction and age (under 40) was observed (P = .0286). No ovarian recurrence or symptomatic ovarian cyst was observed in preserved ovaries during the study period. CONCLUSION: Ovarian preservation is safe in patients under 40 years old undergoing radical hysterectomy even if they received additional treatment, such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy or postoperative radiotherapy with ovarian transposition.     

宫颈癌根治术中卵巢移位后卵巢功能的临床研究

目的:探讨宫颈癌根治术中卵巢移位对卵巢功能的影响。方法:回顾性分析2004年1月至2007年12月我院收治的早期宫颈癌31例,行广泛性全子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术同时行卵巢移位,术后随访患者有无绝经期症状,彩色多普勒超声监测卵巢形态、位置、大小、血供及盆腔情况,并行阴道脱落细胞学检查,测定血清中FSH、E2水平并行统计学分析,以判断术前、术后卵巢功能的改变情况。结果:31例患者卵巢移位后未出现绝经期症状;31例移位卵巢的大小,形态,血供均无异常,卵泡有周期性增大,无卵巢脱落;术后按常规行阴道细胞学检查无一例发现异常;术前、术后血激素水平差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。结论:卵巢移位不影响年轻宫颈癌患者卵巢功能。     

影响年轻宫颈癌患者放疗后卵巢功能相关性因素分析

目的:探讨年轻宫颈癌患者在放射治疗前行卵巢移位术,维持卵巢内分泌功能与移位卵巢位置的关系。方法:回顾性分析梧州市红十字会医院2012年6月—2016年6月行卵巢移位术的72例年轻宫颈癌患者的临床资料,通过观察患者发生的围绝经期症状并结合血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成激素(LH)及雌二醇(E2)水平评估卵巢内分泌功能。结果:经重复测量方差分析表明,不同组间、不同时间点血清FSH、LH和E2水平不同,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析显示,保持卵巢功能的移位卵巢位置最佳截断值是超过髂嵴连线1.5 cm以上的位置(ROC曲线下面积:0.747,95%CI:0.593~0.902);年龄最佳截断值是32.5岁(ROC曲线下面积:0.692,95%CI:0.522~0.860)。多因素分析显示,高于及位于髂嵴连线1.5 cm移位卵巢的位置(OR=0.09,95%CI:0.014~0.571)以及年龄≤32.5岁(OR=0.062,95%CI:0.006~0.655)是保护卵巢功能的重要因素。结论:推荐卵巢移位的位置超过髂嵴连线1.5 cm以上以便于年轻宫颈癌患者行放射治疗时避免卵巢功能损伤。     

A study of risk factors for ovarian metastases in stage Ib-IIIb cervical carcinoma and analysis of ovarian function after a transposition

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to examine the incidence and risk factors of ovarian metastases in cervical carcinoma. The function of transposed ovaries was also studied. METHODS: In order to analyze the risk factors of ovarian metastases, 255 slides of pathological specimens were reassessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Fifty-six patients were studied prospectively on the basis of the function of transposed ovaries. Basal body temperature and serum hormone levels were analyzed. RESULTS: Ovarian metastasis was identified in 2 of 485 (0.4%) patients with squamous cell carcinoma and in 12 of 146 (8.2%) patients with nonsquamous tumors of the cervix. Histologic type (P = 0.0014) and blood vessel invasion (P = 0.0433) were significant independent risk factors for ovarian metastases, as revealed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Cumulative survival curves of preserved ovaries showed a significant (P < 0.005) decline in the group with postoperative radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Preservation of ovarian function should be pursued in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, provided that the patient has no other risk factor (blood vessel invasion) for ovarian metastases. Moreover, sufficient attention should be paid to the proper handling of ovarian blood vessels during surgery, in order to shield and protect them from exposure to scattered radiation administered during postoperative radiotherapy.     

Metastatic cancer in transposed ovaries after radical Wertheim-Meigs hysterectomy for a stage I B and II A cervical cancer

In this research work we show our and foreign experience in preserving the ovarian function in young women and cervical cancer stage I B and II A. 6 cases are quoted for the period of time from 1987 till 2003 (4 patients with ovarian metastases from our experience and 2 patients with ovarian metastases found from the greek colleagues). Histologically 3 patients were with adenosquamous metastatic cervical cancers and 3 patients with squamous metastatic cervical cancers in the region of the transposed ovaries. The metastases occurred mostly 2 to 3 years after the radical hysterectomies a modo Wertheim-Meigs. Nevertheless our experience which is connected with radical hysterectomies a modeo W. Meigs including both ovaries, we have also experience in transposing ovaries /one or both of them/. In some of them we found metastases. In our research work we found 4 cases with metastases in transposed ovaries. In these cases a chemotherapy was applied: mitomicin C, etoposide, and cysplatinum. The greek colleagues also have applied such schemes of chemotherapy. 3 from the patients had a very good effect from the chemotherapy, in 2 the recurrences have appeared 2 years after the chemotherapy, and in one case there was a very big progression of the disease, nevertheless the chemotherapy. IT is very important for the oncogynaecologist to clear up if the transposition of the ovaries is safe and effective, especially in young patients with early cervical cancer receiving postoperative radiotherapy. That is why we did this research work in order to give more light on this problem.     

The preservation of ovarian function in young women undergoing pelvic radiation therapy

Because cervical carcinoma rarely metastasizes to the ovaries, it became logical to preserve ovarian function by the method of lateral ovarian transposition as part of the management of young women with this disease. This technique prevents castration should subsequent radiation therapy be planned or become necessary. Forty patients with carcinoma of the cervix or vagina underwent unilateral or bilateral ovarian transposition. Eighteen patients received radiation therapy. Of these, 16 had gonadotropin measurements and only 6 (37%) had levels elevated to the postmenopausal range. If patients whose ovaries were not shielded or who received paraaortic radiotherapy are excluded, then only two (17%) had elevated gonadotropin values. It is concluded that, if properly performed, lateral ovarian transposition and ovarian shielding will protect ovarian function in patients receiving pelvic radiotherapy.