E—钙黏附素和基质金属蛋白酶—2的表达变化及与胃癌侵袭和转移的关系

目的：探讨E—cadherin和MMP—2在胃癌组织中的表达与胃癌浸润转移的相关性。方法：采用S—P免疫组化染色，检测83例胃癌组织的E—cadherin和MMP—2的表达情况，20例胃良性病变手术病例作对照。结果：正常胃黏膜E—cadherin呈强阳性表达，胃癌组织中E—cadherin表达率明显减低，阳性表达率为16．9％(14／83)；E—cadherin表达减低与胃癌细胞分化程度、浸润深度、浸润型生长、淋巴结转移密切相关(P＜0．05)，而与TNM分期及肿瘤大小无关。MMP—2在正常胃黏膜中呈阴性表达，在胃癌组织中表达呈阳性，阳性率为78．3％(65／83)；MMP—2表达强度与胃癌分化程度、淋巴结转移、浸润深度、浸润型生长、TNM分期显著相关(P＜0．05)，而与肿瘤大小无关。E—cadherin与MMP—2的表达调控呈负相关，两者的表达水平呈负相关性。结论：E—cadherin的表达下调和MMP—2表达上调与胃癌浸润和转移密切相关，两者在癌组织中表达的检测有助于对胃癌患者预后的判断。     

基质金属蛋白酶-2、E-钙黏附素和DNA含量与胃癌侵袭、转移的相关性研究

目的 :探讨基质金属蛋白酶 - 2 (MMP- 2 )、E-钙黏附素 (E- cadherin)在胃癌组织中的表达和癌细胞核 DNA含量与胃癌侵袭、转移的相关性。方法 :对 83例胃癌组织、2 5例正常胃组织进行了上述 3个指标的检测。结果 :正常胃黏膜中 MMP- 2呈阴性表达 ,E- cadherin呈强阳性表达。胃癌组织中 MMP- 2表达呈阳性 ,阳性率为 78.3% (6 5 / 83) ,MMP- 2表达强度与胃癌分化程度、淋巴结转移、浸润深度、弥漫性生长、 TNM分期显著相关 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;而 E- cadherin的阳性率明显减低为16 .9% (14 / 83) ,E- cadherin表达减低与胃癌细胞分化差、浸润深度、弥漫性生长、淋巴结转移密切相关 (P<0 .0 5 )。 DNA指数在胃癌组织和正常胃组织分别为 1.4 7± 0 .2 3和 0 .97± 0 .15 (P<0 .0 1) ;DNA指数与胃癌的分化程度、浸润深度、生长方式、淋巴结转移有相关性 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :MMP- 2、E- cadherin表达和 DNA含量与胃癌浸润转移密切相关 ,三者在癌组织中水平的变化属胃癌细胞重要的恶性生物学特征 ,其检测有助于对胃癌患者的转移及预后作出判断     

Syndecan-1和E-cadherin蛋白在乳癌中的表达及与乳癌浸润转移的关系

目的　探讨Syndecan 1和E cadherin在乳癌组织中的表达及其与乳癌浸润转移之间的关系。方法　应用免疫组织化学SP染色技术 ,检测不同乳腺组织中Syndecan 1和E cadherin的表达。结果　Syndecan 1、E cadherin在乳癌组织中表达下调 ,与其在纤维腺瘤 ,正常乳腺组织中的表达相比差异显著 ( 5 3 .7%vs10 0 % ,P =0 .0 0 5 )。Syndecan 1、E cadherin减弱表达与乳癌的淋巴结转移有显著相关性 (P =0 .0 0 1,P =0 .0 0 0 )。Syndecan 1表达与乳癌TNM分期、癌块大小、是否浸润无关 ;E cadherin表达下调与乳癌TNM分期、浸润有相关性 (P =0 .0 0 0 ,P =0 .0 14 )。浸润性导管癌中E cadherin表达下调缺失与癌块大小有关 (≥ 3cmvs <3cm ,P =0 .0 4)。乳癌中Syndecan 1与E cadherin表达有明显相关性。结论　由Syndecan 1和E cadherin介导的细胞间黏附作用在乳癌发生发展过程中发挥重要作用。两者表达降低与乳癌转移密切相关。Syndecan 1和E cadherin表达存在显著相关性。     

胃癌组织中Caveolin-1,Paxillin的表达及其临床生物学意义

目的:探讨Caveolin-1和Paxillin在正常胃黏膜,胃上皮内瘤变和胃腺癌组织中的表达及其与胃癌发生发展和浸润转移的关系.方法: 应用SP法检测20例正常胃黏膜、30例胃上皮内瘤变、58例胃腺癌组织中Caveolin-1和Paxillin的表达.结果: 正常胃黏膜、上皮内瘤变、胃腺癌组织中,Caveolin-1的阳性率呈递减趋势,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Caveolin-1 表达与分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05);Paxillin阳性率在胃癌组织与其他两组的表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Paxillin表达与年龄、分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移、脉管转移有关(P<0.05).结论: caveolin-1和Paxillin表达降低或缺失在胃癌的浸润转移等恶性进展过程中起重要作用;Paxillin与胃癌的发生密切相关;胃癌中Caveolin-1蛋白和Paxillin蛋白表达呈正相关.     

VEGF 与MMP-9 在胃癌组织中的表达及相互关系的研究

 目的　探讨血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)和基质金属蛋白酶 9(MMP 9)在胃癌组织中的表达与胃癌预后的关系。方法　免疫组化染色法检测了 4 0例胃癌术后标本中VEGF及以原位杂交技术检测MMP 9mRNA的表达。结果　VEGF、MMP 9mRNA在胃癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为 5 5 %、6 0 % ;VEGF蛋白表达与TNM分期、淋巴结转移关系密切 ;MMP 9mRNA的表达与胃癌的浸润程度、TNM分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移有关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而与性别、肿瘤大小、部位无关。结论　MMP 9、VEGF在肿瘤侵蚀转移中起重要作用 ;其共位表达有助于判断胃癌预后。     

胃癌组织中maspin基因和HGF及E-cadherin的表达及相关性研究

目的：研究胃癌组织中maspin基因、HGF和E-cadherin的表达及相关关系。方法：应用免疫组化ABC法检测137例胃癌、66例不典型增生及54例正常胃黏膜组织中maspin基因、HGF和E-cadherin的表达。结果：在正常胃黏膜、不典型增生和胃癌组织中maspin基因表达分别为72．2％（39／54）、63．6％（42／66）和40，9％（56／137），差异有统计学意义，P〈0．05；HGF表达分别是22．2％（12／54）、40．9％（27／66）和67、9％（93／137），差异有统计学意义，P〈0．05；E-cadherin表达分别是88．9％（48／54）、77．3％（51／66）和52．5％（72／137），差异有统计学意义，P〈0．05。maspin基因的表达与淋巴结转移、浸润深度及分化程度有关，与肿瘤大小、病理分型及TNM分期无关。HGF的表达与TNM分期、淋巴结转移相关，与病理分型、肿瘤大小、分化程度和浸润深度无关。E-cadherin表达与浸润深度、分化程度、淋巴结转移和TNM分期相关，与病理分型、肿瘤大小无关。Maspin基因表达与HGF呈负相关，r=-0.350，P〈0．01；与E-cadherin呈正相关，r=0．433，P〈0．01。结论：maspin基因在胃癌组织中表达下调可能导致细胞黏附减少及细胞的运动能力增加引起胃癌的发生发展和侵袭转移。     

胃癌组织Wnt5a和MMP14表达及其临床意义的探讨

目的:研究Wnt5a和MMP14在胃癌组织中的表达,分析其与临床病理特征及预后的关系,并探索两者间表达的相关性。方法:Real-timePCR及免疫组化染色法检测胃癌原发灶和癌旁正常胃组织中Wnt5a和MMP14的表达,单因素和多因素分析其表达与临床病理特征和预后的关系。结果:胃癌原发灶中Wnt5a和MMP14在转录和翻译水平上的表达均明显高于癌旁正常胃组织中的表达(P<0.05),并且两者在胃癌原发灶中的表达呈正相关。此外,Wnt5a阳性表达组的肿瘤直径更大、位置更高、浸润深度更深、区域淋巴结转移数更多、TNM分期更晚及淋巴结转移率更高,存在淋巴管和血管浸润,P<0.05。MMP14阳性表达组与淋巴管浸润有关,但与血管浸润无关,且与浸润深度更深、区域淋巴结转移数更多、TNM分期更晚及淋巴结转移率更高相关,P<0.05。单因素分析发现Wnt5a阳性表达组的预后更差,MMP14表达与预后无关。但多因素Cox逐步回归模型分析仅发现浸润深度和区域淋巴结转移数是胃癌独立的预后因素。结论:Wnt5a和MMP14的表达在胃癌组织中呈正相关,可促进胃癌的侵袭和转移。此外,Wnt5a阳性表达还提示预后更差。     

胃癌组织EGFR和VEGF的表达及其意义

目的探讨胃癌组织EGFR和VEGF的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法应用免疫组化方法检测正常胃黏膜和胃癌切除标本EGFR和VEGF的表达,并与临床病理参数进行比较分析。结果胃癌组织EGFR和VEGF阳性表达率分别为64.7%和58.8%;正常胃黏膜组织EGFR和VEGF阳性表达率分别为0%和10.0%,差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）;EGFR阳性表达与肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移及临床TNM分期呈显著相关,VEGF阳性表达与肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移、脉管内癌栓和临床TNM分期呈显著相关（P〈0.01和P〈0.05）。EGFR表达阳性者有69.7%同时伴有VEGF表达阳性,EGFR和VEGF双阳性表达者的根治切除率仅为30.4%,明显低于阴性表达者（P=0.000）。结论胃癌组织EGFR和VEGF表达上调与肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移、脉管内癌栓和TNM分期有关,EGFR促进肿瘤血管生长可能通过上调VEGF表达,胃癌组织EGFR和VEGF表达可能成为从同期别病例中甄别靶向治疗获益病例的主要预后指标。     

基质金属蛋白酶和组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂表达失衡与胃癌浸润转移的关系

背景和目的：基质金属蛋白酶－9（matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)及其相应的组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂－1（tissue inhibifor of metalloproteinase-1 TIMP-1)在肿瘤细胞浸润和转移过程中起重要的调节作用,本研究观察二者在胃癌中的共表达情况,探讨其表达失衡与胃癌浸润转移和预后的关系。方法：应用免疫组化方法检测256例胃癌细胞MMP－9、TIMP－1和细胞增殖核抗原Ki-67的表达,并行回顾性随访。结果：胃癌侵及肌层以上者的MMP－9表达（70．13％）明显高于胃癌仅限于粘膜及粘膜下层者（42．50％,P＜0．05）,MMP－9表达与肿瘤细胞增殖指数、淋巴结转移呈正相关,TNM分期高者MMP－9表达（75．00％）高于TNM分期低者（46．15％,P＜0．05）;TIMP－1的表达与胃癌浸润程度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期呈负相关（Pearson列联系数分别为0．1688,0．3556和0．3004,P＜0．05）。胃癌组织中MMP－9和TIMP－1表达失衡有4种类型,其中MMP－9表达超过TIMP－1者胃癌发生浆膜浸润、淋巴结转移的比例明显高于TIMP－1表达超过MMP－9者或二者表达平衡者（P＜0．05）,而术后胃癌患者的生存率情况则相反,MMP－9表达超过TIMP－1者术后生存率明显低于TIMP－1表达超过MMP－9者（P＜0．05）。结论：MMP－9阳性表达与胃癌浸润转移呈正相关,而TIMP－1阳性表达与胃癌浸润转移呈负相关,二者在胃癌浸润转移中的关系表现为MMP－9促进肿瘤转移为主,TIMP－1对胃癌有独立的抑制作用,MMP－9阳性表达而TIMP－1阴性表达者提示胃癌患者预后不良。     

胃癌组织中maspin基因和HGF及E-cadherin的表达及相关性研究

目的:研究胃癌组织中maspin基因、HGF和E-cadherin的表达及相关关系。方法:应用免疫组化ABC法检测137例胃癌、66例不典型增生及54例正常胃黏膜组织中maspin基因、HGF和E-cadherin的表达。结果:在正常胃黏膜、不典型增生和胃癌组织中maspin基因表达分别为72·2%(39/54)、63·6%(42/66)和40·9%(56/137),差异有统计学意义,P<0·05;HGF表达分别是22·2%(12/54)、40·9%(27/66)和67·9%(93/137),差异有统计学意义,P<0·05;E-cadherin表达分别是88·9%(48/54)、77·3%(51/66)和52·5%(72/137),差异有统计学意义,P<0·05。maspin基因的表达与淋巴结转移、浸润深度及分化程度有关,与肿瘤大小、病理分型及TNM分期无关。HGF的表达与TNM分期、淋巴结转移相关,与病理分型、肿瘤大小、分化程度和浸润深度无关。E-cadherin表达与浸润深度、分化程度、淋巴结转移和TNM分期相关,与病理分型、肿瘤大小无关。Maspin基因表达与HGF呈负相关,r=-0·350,P<0·01;与E-cadherin呈正相关,r=0·433,P<0·01。结论:maspin基因在胃癌组织中表达下调可能导致细胞黏附减少及细胞的运动能力增加引起胃癌的发生发展和侵袭转移。     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers

BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in many observational studies. METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 men). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among women and in 1986 and 1990 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: With a follow-up including 1 743 645 person-years and 937 cases of colon cancer, we found little association of colon cancer incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For women and men combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97-1.09). Similar results were obtained for women and men considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for colon cancer of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89-1.03) among women and 1. 08 (95% CI = 1.00-1.16) among men. For rectal cancer (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95-1.09) in men and women combined. None of these associations was modified by vitamin supplement use or smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some chronic diseases, their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from colon or rectal cancer.