胰腺损伤12例临床分析

目的探讨胰腺损伤的手术方法。方法根据胰腺损伤AAST分级,12例患者分别行胰腺清创修补、胰体尾部切除(部分加脾切除)、胰腺近端缝扎、远侧行胰空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术及胰十二指肠切除术。对患者的临床资料进行总结。结果本组治愈11例,死亡1例。术后出现胰瘘6例,假性囊肿2例。平均住院24 d。结论胰腺损伤需结合血清酶学及影像学检查综合分析,及早明确诊断,选择合理术式,充分引流,及时处理并发症。     

胰腺损伤术后复杂性胰肠瘘1例

胰瘘、假性胰腺囊肿是胰腺损伤术后两大并发症,发生率约为14%和9%。我院收治1例胰腺损伤术后出现胰瘘、假性胰腺囊肿及两处肠内瘘患者,病情复杂。现报告如下:1临床资料患者男性,29岁,因车祸在当地医院以“脾破裂”行急诊剖腹探查术,术中发现脾脏及胰尾部破裂,行脾及胰尾切除。术后患者出现腹痛、发热、切口感染及腹腔引流液增多,考虑“胰瘘”而转至我院。入院后多次引流管造影示:胰瘘、假性胰腺囊肿,囊腔与两处空肠相通。给予积极保守治疗,禁食、胃肠减压、纠正贫血及低蛋白血症、全胃肠外营养、抗感染、充分双套管持续冲洗引流、应用生长抑…     

胰腺损伤术后复杂性胰肠瘘1例

胰瘘、假性胰腺囊肿是胰腺损伤术后两大并发症，发生率约为14％和9％。我院收治1例胰腺损伤术后出现胰瘘、假性胰腺囊肿及两处肠内瘘患者，病情复杂。现报告如下：     

闭合性胰腺损伤的诊治体会

目的探讨闭合性胰腺损伤的诊断及治疗经验。方法回顾性分析收治的38例闭合性胰腺损伤的临床资料。结果本组38例中,治愈33例(86.8%),术后死亡5例(13.2%),死亡原因主要是合并颅脑损伤、失血性休克、多脏器衰竭(MODS)。保守治疗3例,2例治愈,1例行二期手术治愈;其余35例均行手术治疗。18例(47.4%)出现并发症,其中胰瘘7例,胰腺假性囊肿3例,十二指肠瘘2例,腹腔感染3例,胸腔积液2例,切口裂开及脂肪液化3例。结论本病早期诊断困难,伴发伤多,并发症发生率及病死率高。剖腹探查术是闭合性胰腺损伤早期诊断最简单和最可靠的方法。根据胰腺损伤程度、部位及病人合并伤情况选择不同的手术方式,积极的围手术期处理是提高胰腺损伤救治成功的关键。     

医源性胰腺损伤引起术后胰瘘分析(11例报告)

目的探讨医源性胰腺损伤引起术后胰瘘的早期诊断及防治措施。方法回顾性分析1990年1月至2003年12月共收治的11例医源性胰腺损伤引起术后胰瘘患者的临床资料。结果对医源性胰腺损伤认识不足致术中漏诊、未建立充分有效的引流及感染因素是引起术后胰瘘的主要原因。B超、CT和淀粉酶测定是早期诊断的主要手段。早期发现并采用综合治疗是提高术后胰瘘治愈的关键。本组11例都经及时诊治,其中9例非手术方法治愈,2例行手术治愈,无1例死亡。出院后平均随访1年,所有患者均无胰瘘、假性囊肿、脓肿等并发症发生。结论医源性术后胰瘘重在预防,早期诊治是提高疗效关键。     

手术治疗胰腺损伤17例报告

目的探讨胰腺损伤患者的诊断及处理原则和方法。方法自1994～2005年11年期间我院共收治17例胰腺损伤患者,其中闭合性损伤8例,开放性损伤8例,医源性损伤1例。分析其临床特征、手术方式及手术并发症。本组全部行手术治疗,肠系膜上血管左侧的损伤以修补、胰体尾切除或加脾切除为主;胰头及合并十二指肠的损伤以修补及胃十二指肠、空肠、胆总管等多口造瘘为主;胰头毁损伤则行胰十二指肠切除。结果术后发生胰瘘3例,胰腺假性囊肿2例,膈下及腹腔脓肿5例。治愈16例,治愈率为94．1％;死亡1例,死亡率为5．9％。结论胰腺损伤宜早期诊断并及时手术治疗,术中判断损伤类型、正确选择手术方式及充分的冲洗引流是治疗胰腺损伤,防止或减少并发症的关键。     

胰十二指肠切除术后早期并发症的分析及处理

目的探讨胰十二指肠切除术(PD)后早期并发症的原因及其防治方法。方法回顾性分析我院2007年3月～2012年9月间实施胰十二指肠切除术30例患者的临床资料。结果术后发生早期并发症9例(30.0%),包括腹腔内出血2例(6.7%),胰瘘5例(16.7%),胆瘘2例(6.7%),腹腔内感染1例(3.3%),围手术期死亡1例(3.3%)。统计学分析显示:术前血清胆红素水平≥171 mmol/L,血清白蛋白水平<35 g/L,术中失血量≥600 ml术后并发症发生率显著增高。结论出血、胰瘘、胆瘘和腹腔内感染等是PD术后主要的早期并发症,围手术期恰当的处理,术中仔细操作并采用合适的吻合方法,术后密切观察和及时积极的处理是减少PD术后并发症和病死率的关键。     

胰十二指肠切除术的围手术期处理：附324例分析

目的 总结324例胰十二指肠切除术(PD)患者围手术期的处理经验,以提高该术式的治愈率,降低并发症发生率.方法 回顾性分析324例行PD患者的临床资料,全组均成功实施胰头十二指肠切除术,275例行PD,49例行保留幽门式胰十二指肠切除术(PPPD).消化道重建均采用Child法;胰肠吻合方式303例为胰肠端端套入式吻合,21例为端侧吻合..结果 术后并发症发生率为8.0%(26/324):肝功能不全1例,胰瘘伴腹腔出血7例,1例胰管狭窄,胰腺外分泌功能不良者3例,吻合口溃疡4例,胃排空障碍6例,胆肠反流1例,淋巴瘘3例.术后30 d死亡内死亡1例.结论 胰十二指肠切除术围手术期的管理对患者的预后至关重要.细心的围手术期管理,对减少术后并发症,保证患者顺利康复意义重大.     

胰腺损伤148例诊治分析

目的 探讨胰腺损伤的早期诊断、手术方式和并发症防治.方法 回顾分析20年间收治的胰腺损伤病历资料,包括性别、年龄、伤因、AAST分级、术式和疗效、并发症和死因等,并作统计学处理.结果 全组148例,手术132例,包括修补或仅引流、远端胰切除、远端胰(或囊肿)空肠Roux-n-Y吻合或其他内引流、憩室化、Whipple手术和损伤控制外科方法等术式.术后并发症发生率27.83%.Ⅲ～Ⅴ级与Ⅰ～Ⅱ级伤的胰瘘发生率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).病死率11.49%,死因主要为合并伤大出血(76.47%);而胰腺损伤级别间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 首先控制合并伤大出血是提高胰腺损伤生存率的关键;术式取决于主胰管是否损伤,清除失活组织、充分外、内引流是胰腺损伤治疗的核心;早期诊断和正确的术式将明显减少并发症.     

胰腺节段切除术治疗胰腺良性肿瘤14例

目的 探讨胰腺节段切除在胰腺良性肿瘤中的临床实用价值.方法 对2001年1月至2009年5月期间行胰腺节段切除治疗的14例胰腺良性肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本组无围手术期死亡病例.手术完整切除肿瘤,术后病人胰腺功能无明显变化,症状得到明显改善,无新发糖尿病,无肿瘤复发,无胰腺假性囊肿形成.术后胰瘘发生率为14...     

Local pancreatic resection with preoperative endoscopic transpapillary stenting

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic fistula, although not common, can cause serious complications after pancreatectomy. During local pancreatectomy, injury to the main pancreatic duct (in addition to the accessory and side branch ducts) increases the risk of pancreatic fistula formation. Nonetheless, local pancreatic resection maintains the advantage of preserving pancreatic parenchyma. METHODS: In this study, we reviewed the cases of 5 patients who underwent preoperative endoscopic transpapillary pancreatic stenting to help prevent refractory fistula development after local pancreatic resection. RESULTS: Stenting was successful in all 5 patients, and none developed a refractory grade C postoperative pancreatic fistula. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that in selected patients, preoperative endoscopic pancreatic stenting may be an effective prophylactic measure to lower the risk of refractory grade C fistula formation after local pancreatic resection.     

Endoscopic management of pancreatic fistulas secondary to intraabdominal operation

Background: Pancreatic fistulas may arise secondary to several disorders of the pancreas. Although ~70% of pancreatic fistulas close with nonoperative management, this course of treatment usually takes several weeks or even months. To reduce this long period, closures with fibrin glue have been attempted in the past. In this study, we describe the course, management, and outcome of eight patients with postoperative external pancreatic fistulas of the pancreatic body and tail that arose after oncologic operations in the upper abdomen. Methods: All eight cases were treated by external drainage, insertion of an endoprosthesis into the pancreatic duct, and closure of the fistula with fibrin glue. Results: Immediately after this intervention, secretion from the fistulas was absent in all cases. None of the patients developed abscesses, recurrent fistulas, or complications associated with the fibrin glue. Conclusion: The early endoscopic management of postoperative pancreatic fistula with an approach combining internal drainage of the pancreatic duct and external occlusion of the fistula with fibrin glue is expeditious and beneficial.     

Management of blunt major pancreatic injury

BACKGROUND: Major duct injury is the principal determinant of outcome for patients with pancreatic trauma, and there are a number of therapeutic choices available specific to the location of the insult. We report a series of blunt major pancreatic injury cases, with a review of the different procedures used and a discussion of the results. METHODS: A total of 48 cases of blunt major pancreatic injury treated during a 10-year period at one trauma center were reviewed retrospectively. Diagnosis and assessment of injury severity were based on imaging studies and proved by surgical findings. Charts were reviewed to establish the mechanism of injury, surgical indications and imaging studies, management strategy, and outcome. RESULTS: Of the 32 grade III patients, 19 underwent distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, 8 had pancreatectomy with preservation of the spleen, and 2 received a pancreatic duct stent, with the remaining 3 individuals undergoing nonsurgical treatment, pancreaticojejunostomy, and drainage alone, respectively. The grade III complication rate was 60.6%. Of the 14 grade IV patients, 4 underwent drainage alone because of the severity of the associated injuries, 4 underwent pancreaticojejunostomy, 3 had distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, and 1 underwent distal pancreatectomy. The two remaining patients received a pancreatic duct stent. The grade IV complication rate was 53.8%. The Whipple procedure was performed for two grade V patients; one died subsequently. For all 48 patients, intraabdominal abscess was the most common morbidity (n = 11) followed, in order of prevalence, by major duct stricture (n = 4), pancreatitis (n = 2), pseudocyst (n = 2), pancreatic fistula (n = 1), and biliary fistula (n = 1). All stented cases developed complications, with one dying and three experiencing major duct stricture. CONCLUSION: The complication rate for our cases of blunt major pancreatic injury was high (62.2%), especially when treatment was delayed more than 24 hours; the same result was also noted for cases transferred from other institutions. Distal pancreatectomy with spleen preservation had a lower complication rate (22.2%) compared with other procedures and is suggested for grade III and grade IV injuries. Magnetic resonance pancreatography was unreliable early after injury but was effective in the chronic stage. Although pancreatic duct stenting can be used to treat posttraumatic pancreatic fistula and pseudocyst, the major duct stricture in the chronic stage of recovery and the risk of sepsis in the acute stage must be overcome.     

严重胰腺外伤的早期处理

目的:探讨严重胰腺外伤的早期处理方法。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月—2015年4月收治的24例胰腺外伤的患者的临床资料。结果:全组24例患者中,I级损伤5例及II级损伤6例均行胰腺坏死组织清除加局部引流术;III级损伤6例均行胰腺体尾部切除术;IV级损伤7例,2例行胰十二指肠切除术,4例行胰腺空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,1例行局部的清创引流术。全组治愈23例(95.8%),死亡1例(感染性休克),有并发症者15例(62.5%,24例次),其中胰瘘9例,创伤性胰腺炎3例,胰腺假性囊肿2例,感染2例,胆瘘1例,失血性休克1例。结论:应根据损伤程度不断调整治疗方案,选择合理的手术方式和手术时机,胰周的通畅引流和灌洗是严重胰腺外伤治疗成功保证。     

胰腺损伤的诊断与手术治疗（附25例报告）

目的探讨胰腺损伤早期诊断和合理外科治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院1995年8月至2008年12月收治胰腺损伤25例的临床资料。结果本组25例,死亡2例。术后发生胰漏11例,十二指肠漏1例。结论早期诊断和及时合理手术是降低胰腺损伤术后并发症发生率和死亡率的关键。     

Arguments for an individualized closure of the pancreatic remnant after distal pancreatic resection

AIM:To analyze risk factors for postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF) rate after distal pancreatic resection(DPR).METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis of 126 DPRs during 16 years.The primary endpoint was clinically relevant pancreatic fistula.RESULTS:Over the years,there was an increasing rate of operations in patients with a high-risk pancreas and a significant change in operative techniques.POPF was the most prominent factor for perioperative morbidity.Significant risk factors for pancreatic fistula were high body mass index(BMI) [odds ratio(OR) = 1.2(CI:1.1-1.3),P = 0.001],high-risk pancreatic pathology [OR = 3.0(CI:1.3-7.0),P = 0.011] and direct closure of the pancreas by hand suture [OR = 2.9(CI:1.2-6.7),P = 0.014].Of these,BMI and hand suture closure were independent risk factors in multivariate analysis.While hand suture closure was a risk factor in the low-risk pancreas subgroup,high BMI further increased the fistula rate for a high-risk pancreas.CONCLUSION:We propose a risk-adapted and indication-adapted choice of the closure method for the pancreatic remnant to reduce pancreatic fistula rate.     

Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic trauma

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不同吻合方式对Partington术后胰瘘的影响

目的:探讨不同吻合方式对胰管-空肠Roux-en-Y术后胰瘘的影响。方法:回顾性分析1999年8月—2011年6月因慢性胰腺炎主胰管扩张行胰管-空肠Roux-en-Y术的47例患者临床资料。依胰肠吻合口的处理方法分为Prolene线连续缝合和间断缝合两组,分别观察两组术后胰瘘发生的情况及临床效果。结果:连续缝合组25例未出现胰瘘,间断缝合组22例4例发生胰瘘,两者差别具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后随访3~5年,46例腹痛完全缓解。结论:胰管-空肠Roux-en-Y术中间断缝合容易发生胰瘘,Prolene线连续缝合能降低胰瘘发生率,且操作简单易行。     

双U套入荷包捆绑式胰肠吻合术在IV、V 型胰腺外伤中的应用

目的:探讨双U套入荷包捆绑式胰肠吻合术在胰腺外伤中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月—2015年1月收治的9例IV、V型胰腺外伤患者的临床资料。结果:胰腺外伤IV型7例,其中5例行胰头断端缝闭(U形交锁+连续缝扎),双U套入荷包捆绑式胰体尾空肠Roux-en-Y内引流术后治愈;2例合并十二指肠碎裂伤行胰十二指肠切除术、双U套入荷包捆绑式胰肠吻合术后治愈。V型患者2例,均行胰十二指肠切除术、双U套入荷包捆绑式胰肠吻合术后治愈。全组患者术后均未出现胰瘘、吻合口出血等严重并发症。所有患者均获得随访,一般情况良好,均无糖尿病、腹泻、消化不良等胰腺功能减退情况发生,无死亡。结论:双U套入荷包捆绑式胰肠吻合法在胰腺外伤手术中是可行的,能够有效的防止术后胰瘘的发生。