纵隔肿瘤血管造影及栓塞的临床应用

目的评价纵隔肿瘤供血动脉来源及其栓塞的价值。方法收集近年来经肿瘤供血动脉栓塞治疗的纵隔肿瘤6例,其中胸骨后甲状腺肿1例,恶性胸腺瘤1例,恶性神经纤维瘤2例,滑膜肉瘤1例,纵隔型肺癌1例,均经手术病理证实。分析纵隔肿瘤的动脉供血来源,评估栓塞对辅助手术切除及预后的价值。结果纵隔肿瘤根据生长位置可有不同的供血动脉,本组病例所见主要供血动脉有甲状颈干、胸廓内动脉、支气管动脉、膈下动脉和肋间动脉,发生胸壁侵犯时可有胸壁外侧动脉供血。肝动脉也可向邻近纵隔肿瘤供血。可同时有纵隔两侧动脉供血。3例于栓塞后20 h内手术切除,术中出血明显较少,肿瘤易于剥离,切除标本可见肿瘤大部分变性坏死。3例因为术后复发、瘤体巨大未行手术切除,复查可见肿瘤大部分坏死、体积萎缩。结论纵隔肿瘤供血动脉来源复杂,需根据肿瘤部位、大小及侵犯范围全面寻找可能的供血动脉,以达到彻底栓塞的目的。栓塞对于辅助手术切除和控制肿瘤发展具有积极作用。     

颈静脉球瘤的DSA表现及术前栓塞治疗

目的：分析颈静脉球瘤的ＤＳＡ表现，评价栓塞治疗的作用。材料和方法：患者５例（男性３例，女性２例）。采用Ｓｅｌｄｉｎｇｅｒ技术，行超选择性动脉插管并造影；栓塞剂采用明胶海绵颗粒和／或真丝线段，分次缓慢注入栓塞材料，栓塞过程中监测肿瘤血管及供血动脉闭塞情况。结果：５例颈静脉球瘤。ＤＳＡ动脉期表现为颈静脉孔、乳突区或后颅凹大片血管团块影，其间血管婉蜒迂曲，颈外动脉之咽升动脉、耳后动脉、枕动脉为主要供血动脉，颈内动脉脑膜垂体干、椎动脉之脑膜支、小脑后、前动脉可参与供血。实质期肿瘤呈湖状、巢状染色。静脉期２例肿瘤较大者见粗大的引流静脉丛向下引流至颈内静脉。栓塞后肿瘤的供血动脉大多被栓塞，肿瘤染色明显减少或消失。栓塞术后７天内行手术，肿瘤完全或大部分切除。结论：ＤＳＡ是显示颈静脉球瘤供血动脉的最佳方法，根据ＤＳＡ表现，可以准确确定肿瘤的位置和侵犯范围。术前栓塞为手术切除提供了良好条件。     

脑膜瘤的DSA及术前栓塞治疗

目的探讨脑膜瘤血管造影表现及手术前栓塞治疗的应用。方法36例经病理确诊的脑膜瘤,术前全部行全脑血管DSA造影,将其中主要由颈外动脉供血的22例患者用PVA栓塞,栓塞治疗后3～10d行手术切除。结果36例患者中,单纯由颈外动脉供血的9例,颈外动脉和颈内动脉供血的25例,颈内动脉供血2例。22例行肿瘤供血动脉栓塞的患者中,栓塞后肿瘤血管染色完全消失16例,染色明显减轻6例。栓塞后行手术切除的22例脑膜瘤患者,病灶被全部切除,术中平均出血150～500ml。结论脑膜瘤可由颈内、颈外动脉单独或混合供血,脑膜瘤的术前颈外动脉栓塞有利于减少术中出血及肿瘤的完整切除。     

辅助性介入栓塞术在青少年鼻咽纤维血管瘤治疗中的应用

目的 探讨辅助性供血动脉栓塞术在鼻咽纤维血管瘤综合治疗中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2000年2月至2005年6月以来经手术及病理证实的鼻咽纤维血管瘤患者17例,其中13例于外科手术前1～4 d行DSA检查及选择性颈外动脉供血支栓塞,4例因鼻腔大出血常规止血无效行急症栓塞治疗后根据病情择期手术,观察造影表现、止血效果及外科手术情况.结果 血管造影可清晰显示肿瘤病变范围及供血情况,16例表现为颈外动脉分支颌内动脉为主供血,1例为颈内动脉和颈外动脉双重供血,供血动脉多少与肿瘤分期有关.鼻腔大出血者表现为末梢血管增多紊乱及点片状对比剂外溢,栓塞治疗后出血停止.栓塞术无明显并发症,外科手术中出血量280～1 600 ml,平均(460±255.5)ml,肿瘤完整切除.结论 鼻咽纤维血管瘤行DSA检查及选择性供血动脉栓塞能进一步明确肿瘤特征,有效治疗急性鼻腔大出血,减少外科术中出血并提高肿瘤切除率.     

选择性鼻咽纤维血管瘤供血动脉术前栓塞的应用

目的 探讨选择性鼻咽纤维血管瘤供血动脉术前栓塞的应用价值。方法 对15例鼻咽纤维血管瘤行数字减影血管造影(DsA)检查和栓塞治疗。供血动脉主要为颈外动脉的颌内动脉和(或)咽升动脉，栓塞材料用明胶海绵。结果15例在选择性颈外动脉栓塞后行手术治疗，13例术中出血量明显减少，2例由颈外动脉，颈内动脉系统同时供血，仅选择性颈外动脉栓塞，术中出血量较多。栓塞后2～5d手术最为理想。结论鼻咽纤维血管瘤供血动脉术前栓塞是临床有效的治疗方法之一。     

局部穿刺栓塞进展期青少年鼻咽纤维血管瘤

目的 探讨局部直接穿刺栓塞在青少年鼻咽纤维血管瘤(JNA)术前辅助性栓塞治疗中的临床应用价值.方法 29例JNA患者均行颈动脉造影明确肿瘤供血动脉.然后经皮直接穿刺到肿瘤内,注射组织胶栓塞瘤腔.结果 29例患者造影显示由颈内、颈外动脉双重供血.经局部直接穿刺栓塞后造影显示肿瘤血管染色明显减少,供血动脉远端未见明显显示.所有患者在栓塞后1周内行手术切除,术中出血明显减少,出血量150～500 ml,平均350ml.结论 直接穿刺肿瘤栓塞(DPTE)技术安全,能有效栓塞瘤腔,明显减少术中出血.     

鼻咽部纤维血管瘤血管造影及术前超选择栓塞治疗

目的探讨鼻咽部纤维血管瘤术前超选择栓塞的临床价值方法14例经CT和MRI诊断并为手术病理证实的鼻咽部纤维血管瘤患者,术前全部行双侧颈内外动脉及椎动脉血管造影肿瘤颈外系统供血动脉术前使用100～300μm明胶海绵颗粒或聚乙烯醇(PVA)颗粒超选择性栓塞治疗,栓塞后1～3d行手术切除结果14例患者,颌内动脉分支供血9例,颌内动脉和咽升动脉分支供血4例,颌内动脉、咽升动脉和颈内动脉分支供血1例所有患者颈外动脉供血分支微导管超选择性栓塞均获得成功栓塞后,8例肿瘤染色完全消失,6例肿瘤染色大部分消失手术全切率92.8%(13/14),手术平均出血约420m,l手术时间平均150min所有患者栓塞后均未发生严重并发症结论使用微导管术前血管内超选择栓塞鼻咽部纤维血管瘤,是一种安全有效的辅助治疗方法     

颈动脉体瘤的术前造影和栓塞

目的了解颈动脉体瘤的血供情况及术前栓塞对术中出血、手术全切率和术后疗效的影响.材料与方法18例颈动脉体瘤患者行数字减影血管造影,并经5F造影导管用直径2501000μmIvalon对肿瘤供血动脉进行栓塞处理.结果颈动脉体瘤主要由同侧的颈外动脉分支供血,同侧颈内动脉参与供血的占1/18,椎动脉参与供血的占2/18.供血动脉栓塞后肿瘤染色大部分消失,术中出血明显减少.结论颈动脉体瘤的术前栓塞有助于减少术中出血,增加手术安全性,提高手术全切率和术后疗效.     

纯脑膜动静脉瘘的血管造影及血管内治疗

目的 探讨纯脑膜动静脉瘘的诊断及其治疗效果。资料与方法 对41例纯脑膜动静脉瘘的血管造影表现及血管内栓塞治疗进行回顾性总结、分析。选择性颈内、颈外动脉及椎动脉造影，了解供血动脉及瘘口的部位、血流方向及静脉窦显示情况。诊断明确后，将导管插入靶动脉靠近瘘口行栓塞治疗。41例中，37倒单纯行血管内栓塞治疗，3例栓塞后再行手术，1例先手术再行血管内栓塞。结果 单侧颈外动脉1支血管供血5倒；双侧颈外动脉多支血管供血23例；双侧颈内、外动脉和／或椎动脉的脑膜支同时参与供血13例。瘘口位于海绵窦壁18例，上矢状窦壁7例，横窦壁5例，乙状窦壁3例，脑膜静脉壁3例，皮层静脉壁5例。颈外动脉栓塞治疗有效率87．5％，颈内动脉和／或椎动脉的脑膜支栓塞治疗有效率23．1％。结论 脑血管造影是确诊和研究本病唯一可靠的手段。对单有颈外动脉供血的纯脑膜动静脉瘘采用血管内栓塞治疗是安全、有效的方法。颈内动脉及椎动脉的脑膜支参与供血的情况下，则应对血管内栓塞后再手术为宜。     

神经介入治疗在颈静脉球瘤术前栓塞中的应用价值

目的探讨神经介入治疗在颈静脉球瘤术前造影和栓塞的应用价值。方法收集19例颈静脉球瘤患者均经手术病理证实,所有患者于术前行双侧颈内、外动脉和椎动脉造影检查,随即行供血动脉栓塞,于栓塞术后72h内行手术切除。结果 19例颈静脉球瘤患者均成功行脑血管造影,造影显示由颈外动脉供血。所有患者均栓塞成功,17例完全栓塞,2例大部分栓塞。外科手术中显示16例肿瘤切除时出血明显减少;3例出血较多。结论术前栓塞颈静脉球瘤对于减少术中出血,提供清晰手术视野,减少对毗邻重要神经和血管的损伤有重要作用。术前栓塞是安全可靠的,可作为术前常规应用。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）