荷人鼻咽癌裸鼠血清丙二醛,自然杀伤细胞活性以及中药“癌…

本实验用ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ裸小鼠复制人ＮＰＣ模型，检测荷人ＮＰＣ裸鼠血清ＭＤＡ和脾ＮＫ活性，以探讨瘤宿主ＮＫ活性改变的原因和可能机理，观察中药“癌克星”制剂对ＮＰＣ的抑瘤作用及对ＭＤＡ含量和脾ＮＫ活性等的影响；以探讨其抑瘤机理。结果发现荷人ＮＰＣ裸鼠血清ＭＤＡ含量（３７．９２±５．３６ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｌ）明显高于正常裸鼠（１３．９０±１．６３ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｌ）（Ｐ＜０．０１），而脾ＮＫ活性（４０．９３±２．３     

荷人鼻咽癌裸鼠血浆MDA,cAMP／cGMP水平及PSP的影响

本实验利用ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ裸小鼠，复制荷人鼻咽癌裸鼠模型，检测荷瘤鼠血浆丙二醛，ｃＡＭＰ，ｃＧＭＰ和ｃＡＭＰ／ｃＧＭＰ比值，观察云芝糖肽对荷人ＮＰＣ裸鼠的抑瘤作用及对荷瘤鼠血浆ＭＤＡ和ｃＡＭＰ／ｃＧＭＰ等的影响。结果发现荷瘤鼠血浆ＭＤＡ升高，ｃＡＭＰ，ｃＧＭＰ降低，ｃＡＭＰ／ｃＧＭＰ比值升高，高你低浓度ＰＳＰ对荷人ＮＰＣ裸鼠均有明显抗癌作用（Ｐ＜０．０１），抑瘤率５９．５８－９５．５３％；并可降低荷瘤     

荷人鼻咽癌裸鼠全血GSH－PX和CAT活性的检测

用ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ裸小鼠（ｎｕｄｅｍｉｃｅ，ＮＭ）复制鼻咽癌（ｎａｓｏｐｈａｒｙｎｇｅａｌｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａ，ＮＰＣ）模型，检测不同病期荷人ＮＰＣＮＭ全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ｇｌｕｔａｔｈｉｏｎｅｐｅｒｏｘｉｄａｓｅ，ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）和过氧化氢酶（ｃａｔａｌａｓｅ，ＣＡＴ）活性，结果发现早期荷瘤鼠全血ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性明显高于正常裸鼠（Ｐ＜０．０１），然后随着病情发展有所下降，但中或晚期荷瘤鼠全血ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性仍高于正常水平（Ｐ＜０．０１）．而荷瘤鼠在潜伏、早和中期全血ＣＡＴ活性与正常裸鼠比较未见明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），仅在晚期荷瘤鼠全血ＣＡＴ活性明显低于正常裸鼠（Ｐ＜０．０１）．结果提示ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ和ＣＡＴ活性的改变与ＮＰＣ的发生和发展有关。     

T-AK细胞和IL-2脂质体联合硒酸酯多糖抗白血病效应的研究

目的研究抗ＣＤ３单克隆抗体与ＩＬ－２共同诱导的Ｔ－ＡＫ细胞和ＩＬ－２脂质体（Ｌ－ＩＬ－２）联合硒酸酯多糖（ＫＳＣ）对Ｌ１２１０小鼠白血病的治疗作用。方法用ＤＢＡ／２小鼠建立Ｌ１２１０白血病模型，正常小鼠脾细胞诱生制备Ｔ－ＡＫ细胞，按设计方案转输Ｔ－ＡＫ细胞和ＩＬ－２脂质体，ＫＳＣ灌胃，检测ＮＫ细胞活性、脾淋巴细胞增殖活性和ＩＬ－２诱生水平，观察荷瘤小鼠生存期。结果Ｌ１２１０白血病小鼠的免疫功能急剧降低，生存期为１６．４３±１．９２天；转输Ｔ－ＡＫ细胞（５×１０６）和Ｌ－ＩＬ－２（１０４Ｕ／ｋｇ）能部分逆转白血病小鼠低下的细胞免疫功能，生存期延长（２４．７８±３．９４天），并有１４．３％小鼠长期存活；ＫＳＣ（４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）对Ｔ－ＡＫ／Ｌ－ＩＬ－２的抗白血病作用有明显的增强效应，荷瘤小鼠细胞免疫功能进一步增强，生命延长率、长期存活率分别提高３６％和９９．９％。结论硒酸酯多糖具有生物反应调节剂（ＢＲＭ）样作用；以应用Ｔ－ＡＫ细胞和ＩＬ－２脂质体为主体，硒酸酯多糖为辅佐的生物治疗方案对白血病小鼠具有显著的免疫抑瘤作用     

荷人鼻咽癌裸鼠全血GSH—PX和CAT活性的检测

用ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ裸小鼠复制鼻咽癌模型，检测不同病期荷人ＮＰＣＮＭ全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性，结果发现早期荷瘤鼠全血ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性明显高于正常裸鼠，然后随着病情发展有所下降，但中或晚期荷瘤鼠全血ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性仍高于正常水平。     

黄芪多糖对IL－2／LAK抗肿瘤增强作用的动物实验研究

采用Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６鼠荷其自发产生的黑色素瘤Ｂ＿１６细胞，以生存期为指标，建立了黄茂多糖（ＡＰＳ）增强ＩＬ－２／ＬＡＫ抗肿瘤作用的动物模型，结果表明：ＡＰＳ自身具有一定的抗肿瘤作用，ＡＰＳ（５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）与ＩＬ－２／ＬＡＫ（５×１０￣３Ｕ／ｋｇ、５×１０￣７／ｋｇ）的抗肿瘤作用相似，荷瘤鼠生存期分别为２１．５７±１．８１天和２０．８６±１．８６天（荷瘤对照鼠为１５．７１±０．４９天）；ＡＰＳ对ＩＬ－２／ＬＡＫ的抗肿瘤效应有明显的增强作用，二者在上述剂量下联合应用，荷瘤鼠生存期为２４．８６±２．７３天（Ｐ＜０．０１）。并对荷瘤鼠进行动态细胞免疫功能观察，提示：ＡＰＳ和ＩＬ－２／ＬＡＭ均具有抵抗鼠脾ＮＫ细胞活性，ＩＬ－２产生能力和腹腔Ｍψ吞噬能力下降的作用，ＡＰＳ对ＩＬ－２／ＬＡＫ仍有显著增强效应。     

SRBC膜提取物对猪PBMNC第二信使的影响

胰酶水解绵羊红细胞（ＳＲＢＣ）释放膜表面活性蛋白组分Ⅲ（ＴＲＦ－Ⅲ），单独作用可使猪外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＮＣ）胞内ｃＡＭＰ水平升高，以１００μｇ／ｍｌ浓度刺激达最高峰，由对照组０．９４±０．１４ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ升高到２．７５±０．２５ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。如果ＰＢＭＮＣ事先与腺苷酸环化酶（ＡＣａｓｅ）抑制剂ＬｉC１孵育后再以ＴＲＦ－Ⅲ或ＰＡＨ刺激。ｃＡＭＰ增高受到抑制（Ｐ＜０．０１）；而ＥＤＴＡ－２Ｎａ（一种磷酸二酯酶ＰＤＥ抑制剂）对此ｃＡＭＰ升高无影响。结果提示，此ｃＡＭＰ升高主要是通过活化ＡＣａｓｅ水解ＡＴＰ生成ｃＡＭＰ，而不像是抑制ＰＤＥ减少ｃＡＭＰ降解引起的。ＴＲＦ－Ⅲ诱导猪ＰＢＭＮＣ胞内Ｃａ~(２＋)浓度升高，以１００μｇ／ｍｌ刺激２分钟升高最多，由对照组的２４２±７ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ升高到３２３±１５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。以ＥＧ－ＴＡ除去胞外Ｃａ~(２＋)再以ＴＲＦ－Ⅲ或ＰＡＨ刺激，仅观察到小范围［Ｃａ~(２＋)］ｉ升高。看来这一过程包括了刺激胞内Ｃａ~(２＋)释放和胞外Ｃａ~(２＋)内流两种方式。以上结果证明，ＴＲＦ－Ⅲ对淋巴细胞功能影响与细胞内第二信使有关。     

CD3AK细胞在裸鼠体内抗转移作用的研究

目的研究肿瘤引流淋巴结的淋巴细胞在体外用ＣＤ３单克隆抗体激活（ＣＤ３ＡＫ）后在体内是否仍然具有抗肿瘤作用。方法取卵巢癌病人盆腔引流淋巴结淋巴细胞,在体外用ＣＤ３单抗激活后输注载高转移人卵巢癌裸鼠体内实验性治疗。实验分４组：顺铂组,ＣＤ３ＡＫ组,联合治疗组,对照组。治疗于接种移植瘤后１０天开始,历时８０天。结果观察到ＣＤ３ＡＫ组１只裸鼠移植瘤消退,２／７只出现转移灶,与对照组８／１０只裸鼠出现转移灶比较差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＣＤ３ＡＫ组肿瘤体积（０．５７８８±０．２５４９）与对照组（１．５６８５±０．２８３０）比较差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＣＤ３ＡＫ组抑瘤率达６３．１％。ＣＤ３ＡＫ组裸鼠的血清孕酮含量（３．３８４３±０．５３１４）明显低于对照组（６．３４８０±０．７６１５）,两组比较差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＣＤ３ＡＫ组淋巴结窦性组织细胞增生（５９／６９枚）明显多于对照组（５５／９４枚）,两组比较差异有非常显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞在裸鼠体内具有抗肿瘤生长和抗转移作用,同时有提高宿主免疫功能的作用。     

内皮源舒张因子缺乏对大鼠小肠缺血预处理的影响

目的：观察预处理（ＰＣ）的保护现象。方法：应用内皮源舒张因子（ＥＤＲＦ）合成抑制剂左旋硝基精氨酸（Ｌ－ＮＮＡ）复制的大鼠高血压模型。结果：ＰＣ对小肠缺血再灌注（ＩＲ）的保护作用仍然存在，ＰＣ使ＩＲ后肠组织ＭＤＡ产生减少（１０１０±１２５）ｖｓ（３４０．３±１９．９）ｎｍｏｌ／ｇ．ｄ．ｗ，Ｐ＜００１，组织总钙含量降低（４１±０４）ｖｓ（５．２±０．４）μｍｏｌ．ｄ．ｗ，Ｐ＜００１，并减轻了组织乳酸脱氢酶和组织蛋白酶Ｄ漏出（Ｐ＜００１），降低了血管床对伊文思兰的通透性（Ｐ＜００１）。结论：长期ＥＤＲＦ缺乏致高血压动物的器官仍存在ＰＣ现象，提示ＥＤＲＦ不是ＰＣ作用的重要中间因素     

地塞米松诱导裸鼠脾细胞程序性死亡的研究

本文用地塞米松与裸鼠脾细胞共培养，发现ＤＥＣ能有效地诱导脾细胞发生细胞程序性死亡或凋亡从而明显抑制脾ＮＫ细胞活性。结果表明：（１）常规电镜显示细胞收缩但胞膜完整，核凝缩，呈现典型的ＰＣＤ特征。（２）加入ＤＥＸ的脾细胞ＤＮＡ琼脂糖凝胶电泳呈现特征性梯状图谱，片段大小为１８０ｂｐ或其倍数，（３）脾ＮＫ细胞活性测定结果表明ＤＥＸ浓度在１０＾－８－１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内可诱导出明显的ＰＣＤ现象发生；     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.