GABA对胰腺癌细胞株SW1990生长的影响

目的:观察γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对胰腺癌SW1990细胞生长的影响．方法:采用MTT法和流式细胞术检测GABA对胰腺癌SW1990细胞增殖、细胞凋亡、细胞周期的影响,放射免疫分析法检测cAMP含量．结果:不同浓度的GABA(20-320μmol／L)促进胰腺癌SW1990细胞的生长,促进细胞周期比例的分布,使G0／G1细胞减少,S期和G2／M细胞增多,同时促进胰腺癌SW1990细胞内cAMP含量的增加,且呈剂量依赖性(P<0．01)．显著抑制细胞凋亡,凋亡率由27．4％降低到5．4％(X2=10．19,P<0．01)．结论:GABA促进胰腺癌SW1990细胞生长,可能通过受体后信息介导．     

hFXYD6反义核酸对胆管癌细胞体外增殖和侵袭能力的影响

目的:研究hFXYD6基因反义核酸对人胆管癌QBC939细胞体外增殖和侵袭能力的影响.方法:构建hFXYD6基因反义核酸真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(-)/hFXYD6(-)并转染人胆管癌QBC939细胞,同时设pcDNA3.1(-)空载体对照组和空白对照组.SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量RT- PCR和免疫组化分别检测hFXYD6 mRNA及蛋白表达;MTT、平板克隆形成实验检测细胞体外增殖活性:流式细胞仪检测细胞周期;Transwell侵袭小室模型检测细胞体外侵袭能力.结果:与空白组和空载组比较,反义组细胞hFXYD6 mRNA及蛋白表达量降低;细胞群体倍增时间增加(46.8 h vs 34.5 h,35.3 h),细胞克隆形成率降低(24.3%±5.3% vs 61.0%±8.5%,58.0%±5.6%,P<0.001);细胞周期中G1期细胞比例明显升高(66.4%±2.9% vs 33.5%±2.3%,39.4%±3.7%,P<0.001),S期比例明显减少(18.6%±1.6% vs 36.2%±2.1%,34.1%±1.6%,P<0.001);Transwell侵袭小室中24 h穿膜细胞数无显著改变.空白组和空载组细胞间均无明显差异.结论:hFXYD6反义核酸抑制人胆管癌QBC939细胞体外增殖能力,但对其侵袭能力无明显作用.     

TMPRSS4基因沉默对胰腺癌SW1990细胞生长及侵袭的影响

目的 观察TMPRSS4基因沉默对人胰腺癌SW1990细胞体外生长增殖和侵袭的影响.方法 体外合成4个靶向TMPRSS4基因和阴性对照的真核表达载体,瞬时转染到SW1990细胞,实时定量PCR法检测转染细胞的TMPRSS4 mRNA表达.以干扰效率最高的真核表达载体转染SW1990细胞,G418筛选出稳定的TMPRSS4基因沉默的细胞株,蛋白质印迹法检测稳定细胞株TMPRSS4蛋白抑制效率,CCK-8法检测细胞生长抑制率,Transwell小室检测细胞侵袭能力.结果 成功构建了稳定下调TMPRSS4表达的细胞株SW1990/psi-TMPRSS4,细胞转染效率为82.9%.与亲本SW1990细胞比较,TMPRSS4 mRNA和蛋白水平分别下调了80.1%、60%.SW1990/psi-TMPRSS4组穿膜细胞数为(118.6±13.4)个,显著低于阴性对照组的(157.4±12.9)个和亲本细胞组的(157.0±9.5)个(P值均<0.01).SW1990/psi-TMPRSS4组细胞的侵袭抑制率为24.5%.但各组细胞增殖无明显变化.结论 成功筛选出稳定下调TMPRSS4表达的细胞株.下调TMPRSS4表达能有效抑制胰腺癌SW1990细胞的侵袭能力,但对细胞增殖无影响.     

半乳凝素3在胰腺癌细胞中的表达及对胰腺癌SW1990细胞增殖和侵袭的影响

目的 研究半乳凝素3( galectin-3)在胰腺癌细胞株中的表达及对人胰腺癌细胞株SW1990增殖和侵袭能力的影响.方法 采用免疫细胞化学法和RT-PCR方法检测胰腺癌细胞株SW1990、PANC1、AsPC-1的galectin-3蛋白和mRNA表达.分别应用1、2、3、5μg/ml galectin-3单抗处理SW1990细胞24、48、72 h,采用CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞的增殖,Transwell小室检测细胞的侵袭能力.结果 胰腺癌SW1990.PANC1、AsPC-1细胞均有galectin-3 mRNA和蛋白表达.galectin-3单抗呈浓度和时间依赖性抑制SW1990细胞的增殖及穿膜细胞数.培养72 h时2、3、5μg/ml galectin-3单抗的细胞生长抑制率分别为19.8％、29.9％和42.7％,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).3 μg/ml galectin-3单抗组的穿膜细胞抑制率为37.1％,与对照组的10.4％差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 galectin-3在胰腺癌细胞中高表达,用抗体中和galectin-3能抑制SW1990细胞的增殖和侵袭能力     

氧化苦参碱对人胰腺癌细胞株SW1990侵袭转移能力的影响

目的 探讨氧化苦参碱对人胰腺癌细胞株SW1990体外迁移及侵袭能力的影响及其作用机制.方法 体外培养人胰腺癌SW1990细胞株,用氧化苦参碱处理SW1990细胞后,采用MTT法检测细胞增殖;通过细胞黏附实验、细胞划痕实验及Transwell小室检测细胞的黏附、迁移及侵袭能力;RT-PCR法检测细胞基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)mRNA的表达;ELISA法检测细胞VEGF蛋白的含量.结果 氧化苦参碱呈剂量和时间依赖性抑制SW1990细胞的增殖.2 mg/ml氧化苦参碱处理SW1990细胞1 h后,细胞的体外黏附抑制率为(35.23 ±8.56)%;处理24 h后,细胞的过河时间为(65.46±4.25)h,较对照组的(34.50±4.12)h显著延长(P<0.05);穿膜细胞数为(91.9±9.6)个,较对照组的(144.2±17.2)个显著减少(P<0.05);细胞VEGF、MMP-2 mRNA的表达及VEGF蛋白的分泌量均显著下调[0.515 ±0.063比0.817±0.054,0.343±0.072比0.650±0.068,(265.50 ±5.45)pg/ml比(441.06±16.70)pg/ml,P值均<0.05].结论 氧化苦参碱可能通过抑制MMP-2和VEGF表达进而抑制胰腺癌SW1990细胞的增殖、黏附、迁移及侵袭能力.     

人类真核翻译延长因子1A2过表达对胰腺癌SW1990细胞体外侵袭及体内转移的影响

目的 探讨人类真核翻译延长因子1A2(EEF1A2)过表达对人胰腺癌SW1990细胞体外侵袭和肺转移潜能的影响.方法 通过携带EEF1A2的慢病毒感染人胰腺癌SW1990细胞建立EEF1A2稳定过表达的SW1990/EEF1A2细胞株及空质粒对照的SW1990/GFP细胞株,并以亲本SW1990细胞作为空白对照.采用实时PCR和蛋白质印迹法检测各组细胞EEF1A2mRAN和蛋白的表达.应用Transwell小室检测细胞的体外侵袭能力.通过裸鼠尾静脉注射癌细胞方法构建肺转移模型,8周后观察并计数肺表面的转移结节.结果 SW1990/EEF1A2细胞EEF1A2 mRNA相对表达量为3.252±0.344,显著高于SW1990/GFP细胞的1.000±0.060及亲本细胞的0.944±0.041(t值分别为2.255、2.305,P值均＜0.01);EEF1A2蛋白表达量为0.833±0.050,显著高于SW1990/GFP细胞的0.247±0.035及亲本细胞的0.273 ±0.041(t值分别为0.572、0.559,P值均＜0.01);穿膜细胞数为(60 ±4)个,显著多于SW1990/GFP细胞的(33 ±4)个和亲本细胞的(26 ±3)个(t值分别为31.33、34.78,P值均＜0.01);裸鼠肺转移结节显著多于SW1990/GFP细胞及亲本细胞组(5/5比1/5、1/5,P值均＜0.05).结论 EEF1A2过表达可以明显增强胰腺癌SW1990细胞的体外侵袭和肺转移能力.     

siRNA沉默APE1／Ref-1基因增强人胰腺癌细胞株对吉西他滨的敏感性

背景：人脱嘌呤脱嘧啶核酸内切酶／氧化还原因子-1（APE1／Ref-1）基因与肿瘤的化放疗抵抗和预后密切相关．是肿瘤基因治疗的理想靶点。目的：以RNA干扰技术靶向沉默人胰腺癌细胞株APE1／Ref-1基因,观察该方法对细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及其能否增强胰腺癌细胞对吉西他滨的敏感性。方法：将靶向APE1／Ref-1基因的小干扰RNA（siRNA）转染人胰腺癌细胞株SW1990,半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和蛋白质印迹法检测APEl／Ref-1基因和蛋白表达,CCK-8检测细胞增殖情况,流式细胞仪和Hoechst33258染色检测细胞凋亡情况。结果：转染APE1siRNA后．SW1990细胞APE1／Ref-1mRNA和蛋白表达显著减低,蛋白表达抑制率为55．4％±3．6％;24h、48h和72h时细胞增殖抑制率分别为41．7％±2．8％、24．8％±3．7％和21．3％±9．8％：吉西他滨组、si-APE1组和联合组均可见明显细胞凋亡．联合组早期凋亡率显著高于两者单用和空白对照组（19．8％±3．5％对7．7％±1．1％、8．4％±1．0％和2．7％±1．4％．P〈0．05）,凋亡核形态学变化最为明显。结论：沉默APE1／ReG1基因能抑制SW1990细胞增殖,促进细胞凋亡,显著提高细胞对吉西他滨的敏感性。RNAi沉默APE1／Ref-1基因联合吉西他滨化疗可能成为胰腺癌治疗的新的选择。     

氧化苦参碱对SW1990细胞MMP-2表达的抑制作用及对细胞侵袭力的影响

目的:探讨氧化苦参碱(OM)对SW1990细胞侵袭力的影响.方法:取人胰腺癌细胞SW1990为研究对象,随机分为对照组和OM组,OM组再按照OM剂量不同,分为1,2,4 g/L 3组.用RT-PCR检测MMP-2 mRNA表达变化,以细胞划痕试验和Transwell小室法检测SW1990细胞侵袭力和迁移的变化,用四甲基...     

VEGF基因表达抑制对胃腺癌细胞SGC-7901增殖的影响

目的:研究siRNA(small interfering RNA)对人胃腺癌细胞SGC-7901的VEGF基因表达的影响．方法:选择血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因为靶基因,设计两组针对VEGF mRNA的小干扰RNA,合成DNA寡核苷酸链,体外转录合成siRNA．以人胃腺癌细胞系SGC-7901为靶细胞,应用脂质体转染的方法,将siRNA导入细胞．采用Hoechst33258染色观察siRNA作用于SGC-7901细胞中出现凋亡小体的情况．流式细胞仪检测细胞周期的改变,RT-PCR法比较转染前后VEGF mRNA表达水平的变化, ELISA法检测细胞培养液中VEGF蛋白分泌量的变化．结果:两组siRNA转染后均能有效地抑制 SGC-7901细胞的生长,诱导细胞凋亡产生凋亡小体．siRNA作用于SGC-7901细胞．其细胞周期均发生了明显的变化,主要表现为G0／G1 期细胞增多,S期细胞减少,并使细胞周期阻滞于G0／G1期(siRNA1组,siRNA2组G0／G1期VS 对照组G0／G1期:75．04％,76．52％ vs 58．37％, P<0．01;siRNA1组,siRNA2组S期vs对照组S 期:17．82％,16．73％ vs 39．52％,P<0．01),而其他组则无明显变化．VEGF mRNA的表达量大幅度减少(siRNA1组,siRNA2组vs对照组: 0．638±0．078,0．656±0．085 vs 0．941±0．046, P<0．01),相对应的VEGF蛋白水平也显著降低(164．7±22．7,166．3±26．6 vs 414．0±61．5, P<0．01),而其他组siRNA转染后则无上述作用．结论:应用靶向VEGF基因RNA干扰技术可以有效抑制胃癌细胞SGC-7901的增殖．     

人类真核延伸因子1A2对胰腺癌细胞侵袭、转移能力的影响

目的 探讨外源性人类真核延伸因子(EEF)1A2基因导入人胰腺癌SW1990细胞株后.细胞侵袭转移能力的改变.方法 应用腺病毒载体将EEF1A2基因导入人胰腺癌SW1990细胞中,采用划痕实验、Transwell小室、细胞粘附实验检测转染前后细胞运动、侵袭、转移及粘附能力的改变.结果 Ad5/F35-EEF1A2转染后继续培养48 h的SW1990细胞,可见预期大小的特异性条带.实验组24 h后细胞迁移率为(74.43±2.12)%,与阴性对照组和空白对照组比较差异有统计学意义[(44.08±5.92)%和(48.09±3.54)%,P＜0.05].实验组48 h后穿膜细胞数为(65.42±8.24)个,与阴性对照组和空白对照组相比差异有统计学意义[(20.10±5.82)个和(23.25±5.23)个,P＜0.05].实验组48 h后穿膜细胞数为(61.30±5.68)个,与阴性对照组和空白对照组相比差异有统计学意义[(32.04±3.60)个和(32.33±2.51)个,P＜0.05],且对Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅳ型胶原、纤维结合蛋白、粘蛋白的粘附力增强(P＜0.05).结论 腺病毒介导的EEF1A2高表达能明显增强胰腺癌SW1990细胞的运动、侵袭、转移及粘附能力.提示EEF1A2可能通过改变胰腺癌细胞的生物学特性影响胰腺癌的发生发展.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。