笼诱法蝇密度监测的诱饵间差异初探

目的对2种诱饵在笼诱法蝇密度监测中的效力差异做初步比较。方法笼诱法监测蝇密度,诱饵使用腐鱼内脏与糖醋水混合物。使用χ2检验统计蝇种构成比差异,圆形分布法计算诱饵间季节消长。结果 2种诱饵捕获蝇类种类无差异,糖醋饵诱获物中以丝光绿蝇占优,腐鱼饵诱获物仍以丝光绿蝇占优,但两者捕获蝇当中铜绿蝇与大头金蝇占比存在差异。结论 2种诱饵对铜绿蝇(χ2=5.04,ν=1,P=0.02)和大头金蝇具有引诱力差异(χ2=34.29,ν=1,P=0.000),诱饵间蝇类季节消长差异无统计学意义(t=0.797,P>0.3),国家蝇密度监测方法可用于成都市。     

西宁市1999~2003年蝇类监测分析

目的:掌握我市各种蝇类构成、季节消长规律,为创建国家卫生城市提供依据。方法:笼诱法。结果:厩腐蝇,新陆原优蝇,丝光绿蝇为优势种群,每年5月份八笼,7-8月份高峰,11月份基本无蝇,经全市统一灭蝇后,蝇强度下降。     

山东省青州市蝇类调查

<正> 蝇类为夏秋季节肠道传染病的重要媒介昆虫。为适应灭蝇防病的工作需要,并为蝇类区系工作提供资料,特于1991年7月至1992年6月做了蝇科及栖息地调查。 调查方法:在青州市潍坊教育学院内,选择一所露天厕所和一处垃圾堆,每月1号和15号各放诱蝇笼一个,用臭鱼、腐果做诱饵诱捕一天。于同天选择公园、鱼市、莱市、牲畜市、屠宰场、畜舍、云门山壮坡草丛、树林等不同环境用扫网采捕。将捕获的蝇类用灭害灵毒死后制成标本并分类鉴定蝇种。     

绿星生态捕蝇袋捕蝇效果观察

<正> 当前我国户外灭蝇主要使用化学杀虫剂,其缺点显而易见:①容易污染环境。②药效不持久。③使用范围局限,不适用于饲养业、酿造业、食品加工等行业。 西安绿星环保实业有限公司于1998年从挪威引进的一种户外使用的环保型广谱捕蝇产品——绿星生态捕蝇袋,能克服以上缺点。捕蝇袋内加入诱饵,诱苍蝇进入袋内将其淹死。该诱饵使用后可生物降解,因而无毒(小白鼠经口急性毒性 LD_(50)>5000mg/kg)、无公害、无化学污染,且式样美观。使用该产品对于灭蝇,保护生态环境,具有十分重要的意义。现将实验结果报道如下:     

聊城市城区2001-2007年蝇类监测结果分析

目的掌握我市城区各种蝇类构成、季节消长规律,为创建国家卫生城市提供依据。方法笼诱法。结果家蝇、丝光绿蝇、厩腐蝇、夏厕蝇为优势种群,每年4月份入笼,5、8月份高峰,11月份基本无蝇,经城区统一灭蝇后,蝇密度下降。     

上海市浦东新区蝇类种群调查分析

目的:分析浦东新区目前的蝇种构成、季节消长及蝇幼孳生情况。方法:采用天幕式捕蝇笼,以腐鱼酱为诱铒。结果:目前,浦东新区的优势蝇种为家蝇、绿蝇、丽蝇、大头金蝇、麻蝇。蝇密度高峰期在5、6月份及9月份。垃圾箱房、农贸市场、建筑工地蝇幼孳生阳性率较高。结论:蝇种构成随年份、月份不同而变化,不同生境蝇幼孳生阳性率有差异。     

青岛市市区1993年—1996年蝇类密度及季节性消长的调查

<正> 为配合我市创建国家级“卫生城市”努力降低“四害”密度,1993年起,我们对青岛市市区蝇类密度及季节消长情况进行了监测。现将监测结果报告如下。1 方法:采用诱蝇笼法。规格为25×25×40(cm)的方形天幕式诱蝇笼。诱饵为糖、醋适量混合而成。专人定时、定点放置诱饵,次日用1%DDV杀死笼内蝇类,将其放入容器、编号并带回实验室分类、计数。     

毒粉诱蝇笼诱杀成蝇方法探讨

<正> 近年来,由于大量使用杀虫剂来防治医学昆虫,使我市卫生害虫对其抗药性逐年增高,为了合理用药,提高防治水平及效果,我们进行了诱蝇笼加毒粉诱杀成蝇方法探讨,经初步试验效果良好。     

2010年西宁地区蝇类监测结果分析

目的掌握西宁地区蝇类密度与季节消长规律,为蝇类防制提供科学依据。方法采用笼诱法。每个监测点设置1个配有新鲜饵料的天幕式捕蝇笼,放置8h(9:00～17:00),收集到的蝇类用乙醚杀死后分类,统计各蝇种数量,并计算蝇类密度。结果西宁市2010年平均蝇类密度为13.06只/笼;优势蝇种为厩腐蝇、新陆原伏蝇;蝇类季节消长呈单峰型,9月份达最高峰。结论孳生环境和防治措施是影响蝇类密度和种群的主要因素。蝇类防制应采取环境治理为主、化学防治为辅的综合防制措施,以达到降低蝇密度、控制传染病发生与流行的目的。     

赤峰市区蝇类季节消长调查结果分析

目的 :分析赤峰市区目前的蝇种构成、构成比及季节消长情况。方法 :采用天幕式诱蝇笼 ,每旬布放一次 ,以平均每日每笼捕蝇数计算种群密度 (只 /笼 /日 )。结果 :目前赤峰市区以舍蝇、厩腐蝇、尾黑麻蝇、丝光绿蝇、巨尾阿丽蝇、伏蝇、灰种蝇、新陆原伏蝇、红尾拉蝇为常见蝇种 ,分别占捕获总数的 2 3.12 %、2 1.91%、16 .2 8%、15 .82 %、7.87%、3.5 5 %、2 .6 9%、2 .5 5 %、1.4 2 %。结论 :赤峰市区蝇密度高峰期在 5～ 9月份 ,不同种群有不同的季节高峰 ,且不同年份常见蝇种的构成比之间存在着显著差异     

Mass rearing of Lucilia sericata Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Objective

To carry out an experimental study with the main objective of mass rearing of sheep flies (Lucilia sericata).

Methods

Hand collection and beef- or cattle liver-baited net traps were used for field fly sampling from April, 2010 to November, 2010. The samples collected from different places were placed in properly labeled tubes and sent to the Entomology Laboratory. Since maggot identification is important in inducing mortality, they were kept under insectary condition to develop to adult stage and identified using systematic keys.

Results

A total of 218 flies were collected in three rounds of sampling from the field of Tehran and Karaj Counties. In the first generation, 433 flies including 135 (31.17%) male, and 298 (68.82%) female were yielded. The female/male of parent ratio was calculated as 1.72 in Tehran and in Karaj areas, whereas it was 2.20% and 1.81%, respectively in F1 and F2 generations, respectively.

Conclusions

During this study, the mass rearing of sheep blow fly has been established at the School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and can be used for producing flies for maggot therapy.     

诱蝇毒饵灭效的观察

为提高毒饵引诱和毒杀苍蝇的效果,我们分别将5种品牌毒饵和奶粉在实验室和现场反复进行引诱和毒杀苍蝇试验。其结果,奶粉和I V号毒饵具有快速诱蝇作用;5种毒饵对家蝇24小时内诱杀率不同,最高为100％,最低为75％。     

福州国际机场蝇类密度消长观察

目的 :调查国际机场重要蝇类种群密度与季节消长。方法 :采用捕蝇笼诱捕法 ,每旬调查一次 ,开展周年季节消长观察 ,以平均诱获蝇数计算种群密度 (只 /笼 /日 )。结果 :共捕获蝇类 3科 3属 7种 ,舍蝇是当地的优势蝇种 ,占全部捕获蝇数的 5 3 .0 3 % ,其他依次为丝光绿蝇 (2 7.17% ) ,市蝇 (12 .14 % ) ,大头金蝇 (5 .72 % )。当地蝇类全年均有活动 ,于 4～ 6月出现密度高峰。全年平均密度指数 94.0 8%只 /笼 /日 ,4月份最高为 2 44 .3 8只/笼 /日 ,1月份最低为 1.2只。结论 :长乐国际机场蝇类种类简单 ,但种群密度较高 ,活动期长     

郑州地区夏季丝光绿蝇生长发育规律观察

目的：探讨郑州地区夏季丝光绿蝇的生长发育规律,为该地区死亡时间推断提供依据。方法：在郑州地区夏季,以人肝组织作为诱饵和培养物,观察丝光绿蝇的卵、蛆和蛹的变化。结果：在郑州地区夏季,丝光绿蝇首先飞临培养物产卵,卵经9h孵化出幼蛆,在孵出后的48h内蝇蛆长度一生长时间曲线呈近似的“S”形。幼蛆出生后72h变蛹,240h变蝇。结论：郑州地区夏季丝光绿蝇的生长发育具有明显的规律性,可为郑州地区推断人体死亡时间提供依据。     

应用PCR-SSCP分析我国不同地区常见嗜尸蝇类的研究

目的 探讨应用PCR-SSCP分析我国不同地区常见嗜尸蝇类,揭示其亲源关系及基因差异.方法 采集了中国部分城市,即广州、深圳、阳江、南京、长春、宜昌、北京、武汉、成都等地的常见嗜尸蝇类:家蝇(Muscdomestica),丝光绿蝇(Lucilia sericata),大头金蝇(Chrysomya megacephcda),黑尾麻蝇(Helicophagella melanura),棕尾麻蝇(Boettcherisca peregrina)等.用PCR.SSCP分析我国不同嗜尸蝇类的rDNA-ITS2基因片段.结果 PCR-SSCP分析结果显示,Chrysomya megacephata,Aldrichina grahami(巨尾阿丽蝇),Helicophagella melanura,Muscdomestica,Boettcherisca peregrina rDNA-ITS2基因的单链DNA(ssDNA)迁移率均有明显差异,我国不同地区常见嗜尸蝇种类rDNA-ITS2基因单链DNA迁移图型呈现多态性.结论 我国不同地区常见嗜尸蝇种类的rDNA-ITS2基因存在种内、种间及地理的基因多态性.     

Larval therapy from antiquity to the present day: mechanisms of action, clinical applications and future potential

When modern medicine fails, it is often useful to draw ideas from ancient treatments. The therapeutic use of fly larvae to debride necrotic tissue, also known as larval therapy, maggot debridement therapy or biosurgery, dates back to the beginnings of civilisation. Despite repeatedly falling out of favour largely because of patient intolerance to the treatment, the practice of larval therapy is increasing around the world because of its efficacy, safety and simplicity. Clinical indications for larval treatment are varied, but, in particular, are wounds infected with multidrug-resistant bacteria and the presence of significant co-morbidities precluding surgical intervention. The flies most often used in larval therapy are the facultative calliphorids, with the greenbottle blowfly (Lucilia sericata) being the most widely used species. This review summarises the fascinating and turbulent history of larval therapy from its origin to the present day, including mechanisms of action and evidence for its clinical applications. It also explores future research directions.     

Poultry egg components as cereal bait additives for enhancing rodenticide based control success and trap index of house rat,Rattus rattus

ObjectiveTo compare the acceptance and efficacy of cereal bait containing different concentrations of poultry egg components in laboratory and poultry farms to control house rat, Rattus rattus (R. rattus).MethodsAcceptance of cereal bait containing different concentrations (2%, 5% and 10%) of poultry egg components such as egg shell powder (ESP), egg albumin (EA) and crushed egg shell as bait additives were studied after exposing them to different groups of rats in bi-choice with bait without additive. Behaviour of rats towards cereal bait containing 2% concentration of different egg components was recorded in no-choice conditions through Food Scale Consumption Monitor. In poultry farm predominantly infested with R. rattus, acceptance and efficacy of 2% zinc phosphide bait containing 2% EA and ESP was evaluated. Trap success of single rat traps containing chapatti pieces smeared with 2% EA and 2% ESP was also evaluated in poultry farm.ResultsIn bi-choice tests, significantly (P<0.05) higher preference was observed for baits containing 2% and 5% ESP and all the three concentrations of EA compared to plain bait by female rats and that of baits containing 5% and 10% EA by male rats. In no-choice test, non-significantly higher consumption, number of bouts made and time spent towards bait containing 2% EA was found by rats of both sexes. In poultry farm, acceptance and efficacy of 2% zinc phosphide bait containing 2% EA and ESP was significantly (P<0.05) more than 2% zinc phosphide bait without additive. No significant difference was, however, found in trap success of single rat traps containing chapatti pieces smeared with 2% concentration of EA and ESP placed in the poultry farm.ConclusionsPresent data support the use of 2% egg albumin and egg shell powder in cereal bait to enhance acceptance and efficacy of 2% zinc phosphide bait against R. rattus. This may further help in checking the spread of rodent borne diseases to animals and humans.