茵栀黄丽珠肠乐治疗母乳性黄疸

目的观察菌栀黄、丽珠肠乐治疗母乳性黄疸的疗效.方法80例母乳性黄疸患儿随机分为两组.对照组给予苯巴比妥及尼可刹米口服,治疗组给予茵栀黄注射液5ml加入10%葡萄糖注射液静脉滴注,同时口服丽珠肠乐1/2粒(0.25亿活菌),2次/d.结果治疗组显效率与对照组比较有显著差异,P＜0.01.结论茵栀黄联合丽珠肠乐治疗母乳性黄疸安全有效,未见明显不良反应.     

茵栀黄注射液治疗新生儿母乳性黄疸36例

目的评价茵栀黄注射液对新生儿母乳性黄疸的疗效。方法选择患儿73例，随机分成两组，对照组37例采用苯巴比妥＋蓝光照射，治疗组36例在对照组治疗的基础上加用茵栀黄注射液。结果对照组血清总胆红素（TBIL）日均下降值为（29．33±16．78）μmol／L，下降至102．6μmol／L以下需要（6．8±1．1）d；治疗组TBIL日均下降值为（48．67±24．12）μmol／L，下降至102．6μmol／L以下需要（4．1±0．8）d。两组治疗时间差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论茵栀黄注射液对新生儿母乳性黄疸有明显疗效。     

茵栀黄口服液联合苯巴比妥治疗新生儿高胆红素血症的疗效观察

目的评价茵栀黄口服液联合苯巴比妥治疗新生儿高胆红素血症的临床疗效。方法将2013年7月~2014年3月接受入院的285例单纯新生儿高胆红素血症患儿随机分为A、B、C 3组。在常规治疗的基础上,A组口服苯巴比妥,B组口服茵栀黄,C组茵栀黄联合苯巴比妥。入院时测血清胆红素水平,随后每日在额部两眉心间经皮测血清总胆红素,观察3组的胆红素消退情况,记录不良反应。结果胆红素日均下降水平(μmol·L-1):A组27.98±14.71,B组27.52±17.97,C组34.32±14.69;降至正常水平的时间A组6.70±1.30d,B组6.73±1.67d,C组4.83±1.60d。3组在日均水平及降至正常水平的时间上,差异均有统计学意义。结论茵栀黄口服液联合苯巴比妥治疗新生儿高胆红素血症,疗效确切,黄疸消退时间较单用苯巴比妥或茵栀黄明显缩短,且无明显不良反应。     

茵栀黄注射液治疗新生儿母乳性黄疸50例疗效观察

新生儿黄疸(Neonatul jaundice)是临床上常见病症，母乳性黄疸是新生儿黄疸中最常见的一种类型。近年研究表明，新生儿母乳性黄疸的发病率随着对该病认识的提高而上升。我们用中药茵栀黄注射液加苯巴比妥治疗该病50例，与用传统方法(苯巴比妥 尼可刹米 光疗)治疗30例进行对照，取得了良好的疗效。     

口服茵栀黄联合苯巴比妥治疗新生儿高胆红素血症150例

目的:评价茵栀黄口服液联合苯巴比妥治疗新生儿高胆红素血症的临床疗效。方法:将收治入院的150例新生儿高胆红素血症患儿按就诊顺序随机分为A,B,C三组,每组各50例。在常规治疗基础上,A组加口服苯巴比妥,B组加口服茵栀黄,C组加用茵栀黄口服液联合苯巴比妥口服,入院时测血清胆红素水平,随后每日在额部两眉心间经皮测总胆红素,观察三组的胆红素消退情况,记录不良反应。结果:胆红素日均下降水平A组(29±10)μmol/L,B组(40±12)μmol/L,C组(52±16)μmol/L;降至正常水平的天数A组(7.46±1.27)d,B组(6.37±1.05)d,C组(5.22±1.72)d,三组在日均下降水平及降至正常的天数上差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为19.91,32.97,P<0.05)。结论:口服茵栀黄联合苯巴比妥治疗新生儿高胆红素血症,疗效确切,黄疸消退时间较单用苯巴比妥或茵栀黄口服液缩短,且无明显不良反应。     

茵栀黄颗粒联合抚触、蓝光光疗治疗新生儿黄疸40例临床观察

目的 观察茵栀黄颗粒联合抚触、蓝光光疗治疗新生儿黄疸的临床疗效.方法 选取2017年10月至2019年3月兰州市西固区人民医院新生儿科收住的新生儿黄疸患儿120例,采用随机数字表法分为蓝光光疗组(简称光疗组),茵栀黄颗粒+蓝光光疗(简称药物组),茵栀黄颗粒+抚触组+蓝光光疗(简称抚触组),各40例.光疗组采用蓝光光疗,...     

茵栀黄颗粒治疗新生儿母乳性黄疸疗效观察

目的评价茵栀黄颗粒口服治疗新生儿母乳性黄疸的疗效。方法 62例新生儿母乳性黄疸患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组33例在常规治疗的基础上,加用茵栀黄颗粒口服,对照组29例单纯采用常规治疗方法。结果日均血清总胆红素下降值治疗组明显大于对照组（P〈0.05）,治疗后血清总胆红素下降至85μmol.L-1以下所需时间治疗组明显短于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论茵栀黄颗粒口服治疗新生儿母乳性黄疸有明显疗效。     

茵栀黄联合培菲康治疗母乳性黄疸的疗效观察

目的 观察口服茵栀黄口服液联合培菲康治疗新生儿母乳性黄疸的临床疗效.方法 随机选择新生儿母乳性黄疸120例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,对照组给予光疗、肝酶诱导剂及对症处理,治疗组在综合治疗的基础上加用口服茵栀黄口服液及培菲康,比较两组患儿所需光疗时间及平均住院时间.结果 治疗组较对照组患儿所需光疗时间及平均住院时间明显缩...     

茵栀黄合并蓝光照射治疗母乳性黄疸临床分析

目的:对茵栀黄合并蓝光照射治疗母乳性黄疸效果进行分析,为临床治疗提供参考.方法:对本院诊治的母乳性黄疸患儿病历进行分析.160例患儿随机分为两组:茵栀黄组和茵栀黄合并蓝光照射组(n=80).比较两组治疗前后血清中总胆红素变化和粪便中β-葡萄糖醛酸酶活性.结果:茵栀黄合并蓝光照射治疗后患儿血清总胆红素和炎症因子IL2水平明显降低(P＜0.05),粪便中β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶水平明显降低(P＜0.05),上述指标随着治疗时间的延长而改善效果明显.结论:茵栀黄合并蓝光照射能够有效改善母乳性黄疸症状,效果明显优于单独使用茵栀黄.     

茵栀黄注射液治疗新生儿母乳性黄疸50例疗效观察

新生儿黄疸 (Neonatuljaundice)是临床上常见病症 ,母乳性黄疸是新生儿黄疸中最常见的一种类型。近年研究表明 ,新生儿母乳性黄疸的发病率随着对该病认识的提高而上升[1] 。我们用中药茵栀黄注射液加苯巴比妥治疗该病 5 0例 ,与用传统方法 (苯巴比妥 +尼可刹米 +光疗 )治疗 30例进行对照 ,取得了良好的疗效。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本病案共 80例。男性 4 8例 ,女性 32例 ;胎龄为 37～ 4 2周的足月产新生儿 ;出生体重均在 2 5公斤以上 ;随机分为两组 :治疗组 5 0例 ,对照组 30例。1 2　临床表现　婴儿皮肤黄染 ,母乳喂养 ,小便赤黄 ,…     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.