磁共振胰胆管造影与经内镜逆行胰胆管造影的再评价

胆胰管无创性检查———磁共振胰胆管成像 (ＭＲＣＰ)与内镜逆行胰胆管造影 (ＥＲＣＰ)两者在胆胰疾病诊断中的敏感性文献报道结论不一〔1,2〕。本文就一组胆胰腺疾病病人的ＥＲＣＰ、ＭＲＣＰ结果 ,结合手术或病理情况作一分析 ,旨在客观评价两者的应用价值。1.资料与方法 :83例胆胰腺疾病的住院病人 ,男 4 6例 ,女 3 7例 ,平均 5 1岁 ,其中上腹部疼痛、发热 4 8例 ,黄疸3 9例。所有病人入院后均先行ＭＲＣＰ ,间隔 6ｄ左右行ＥＲＣＰ及相关治疗 ,分别由放射科医师和内镜室医师进行操作 ,最后诊断依据外科手术或 (和 )病理作出。2 .结果 :…     

经内镜逆行胰胆管造影所致十二指肠穿孔6例诊治分析

目的 回顾性研究探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）所致十二指肠穿孔的预防、诊断和治疗。 方法 对2006年1月至2010年12月上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院普外科6例ERCP相关十二指肠穿孔的临床资料进行分析,探讨合理的诊治方法。 结果 6例穿孔病人中术前证实胆总管结石5例,胰头占位性病变致阻塞性黄疸1例。3例实施了十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术（EST）,术后留置鼻胆管,2例插管失败,其中1例做了预切开后插管仍未成功;另1例为进镜过程中导致十二指肠憩室穿孔。2例保守观察治疗者均治愈;4例手术治疗,3例痊愈,1例死亡。 结论 术后严密观察、及时诊断并根据不同穿孔情况采取恰当的个体化治疗,可有效降低ERCP相关穿孔所造成的危险。     

磁共振胰胆管成像与经内镜逆行胰胆管造影对胆胰疾病诊断价值的比较研究

目的 评价磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)与经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)对胆胰疾病的诊断价值.方法 对134例怀疑为胆胰管疾病病人行MRCP,并与58例ERCP比较,所有病例均经手术病理证实.结果 134例MRCP均获成功,在行ERCP中54例成功,4例失败者改行PTC检查成功.MRCP和ERCP总的诊断准确率分别为90.3%和88.9%.结论 MRCP对胆胰系统疾病中恶性梗阻所致的梗阻性黄疸诊断准确性较高,对胆总管、肝内胆管较小结石的诊断不如ERCP敏感及准确,而且不能治疗,提示MRCP和ERCP各有优越点,二者合理应用可提高胆胰系统疾病的诊断符合率.     

经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后十二指肠穿孔的治疗进展

随着微创外科的发展,经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)因创伤小、恢复快、花费少等优势已经成为诊断和治疗胆胰疾病的重要手段之一.但作为一项侵入性操作,在诊断与治疗的同时会发生一系列相关并发症.其中,十二指肠穿孔是ERCP术后少见却...     

内镜逆行胰胆管造影相关罕见并发症及处理对策

正内镜逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)自1968年问世以来~[1],历经近半个世纪的发展,现已广泛应用于临床胆胰疾病的诊治。随着各种器械、附件的更新及技术的不断创新,ERCP在胆胰疾病的诊疗适应证逐渐扩大,成功率日益提高,但ERCP相关并发症却是一个不可回避的话题。并发症不但增加病人痛苦、延长住院时间、提升治疗风险、加重经济负担,若处     

内镜逆行胰胆管造影相关胆胰肠结合部的穿孔

胆胰肠结合部损伤是临床上非常凶险的并发症,处理困难,死亡率高。除了术中胆道探查探条损伤、经十二指肠括约肌切开成形术缝合不妥等原因外,内镜逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography,ERCP)以及内镜括约肌切开(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)是主要的因素。尽管总的发生率在1%以下,但鉴于损伤后果的严重     

经内镜逆行胰胆管造影胰胆管内支架引流术在胰头癌患者中的疗效观察

目的探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）下胰胆管内支架引流术在胰头癌患者中的疗效观察的临床应用价值。方法在本院肿瘤科、消化科收集40例2008年2月至2009年2月期间住院的晚期胰头癌患者,选择有行ERCP治疗指针的患者,行内镜下胰胆管支架植入引流术,支架包括金属支架和塑料支架,治疗出院后随访观察治患者死亡,随访包括黄疸缓解程度、疼痛、食欲、睡眠等的改善程度,记录患者的生存期。结果经内镜下胰胆管支架植入引流术后,患者的晚期症状有所改善,黄疸缓解100%、疼痛、食欲、睡眠等的改善程度分别为34%、45%、47%,精神状态好转80%。经过治疗后该胰头癌晚期患者的生存期平均为90.3d,最长生存期为145.7d,最短生存期为11d。结论 ERCP下胰胆管内支架引流术在晚期胰头癌患者中的疗效观察中,有明确的治疗意义,可以显著改善晚期的临床症状,很大程度上改善患者的生存质量,延长患者的生存期,是晚期胰头癌患者可选择的治疗方法。     

内镜逆行胰胆管造影452例分析

本文介绍内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)452例情况，其中男221例(占48．7％)；女231例(占51．23％)；年龄15～92岁，以41～60岁居多(S8．6％)。     

内镜逆行胰胆管造影1530例分析

本文对经十二指肠镜行逆行胰胆管造影1530例的检查结果进行了分析,并对如何提高插管成功率和正确诊断率,以及胰胆管造影的临床价值进行了讨论。     

环氧乙烷和2％碱性戊二醛法用于经内镜逆行胰胆管造影附件灭菌效果分析

经内镜逆行胰胆管造影（endoscopicret rogradecholangio—pancreatography,ERCP）已广泛应用于胆道、胰腺疾病的诊治中,部分附件因为经济原因需要反复多次使用。     

联合营养支持疗法对食管癌患者围手术期营养状况改善的效果

目的观察联合营养支持疗法对轻中度营养不良食管癌患者围手术期营养改善的效果。 方法运用患者总体主观评分法(PG-SGA)筛选轻、中度营养不良食管癌患者172例,并采用随机数字法分成观察组和对照组,每组86例。观察组术前3 d进行肠内营养治疗,术后第1天给予肠内外营养支持治疗;对照组术后第3天给予肠内营养治疗。比较两组患者的围手术期营养状态(术后第7天)、胃肠功能、并发症发生情况及患者满意度。 结果术后第7 d,观察组血清前白蛋白和白蛋白水平分别为(34.33±3.32)g/L和(33.68±4.12)g/L,显著高于对照组的(31.23±3.41)g/L和(31.32±3.37)g/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组肠鸣音恢复时间和肛门排气时间分别为(61.53±6.37)h和(66.69±9.47)h,显著短于对照组的(82.31±8.24)h)和(113.24±12.38)h,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);观察组和对照组术后并发症发生率比较的差异无统计学意义(8.14% vs 9.30%,P>0.05);观察组术后患者满意度优秀率为89.53%,显著高于对照组的61.63%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。 结论术前营养干预联合术后早期肠内外营养支持治疗,能显著改善食管癌患者围手术期的营养状态,促进胃肠道功能恢复,提高患者满意度。     

Rare complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: two case reports.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure with several known risks. We present two rarely reported complications of ERCP and sphincterotomy: transverse mesocolon disruption with ischemic colitis and splenic rupture. RESULTS: The first patient, a 54-year-old female, presented one day following ERCP and stent revision for pancreas divisum. She presented with hypotension and abdominal distention. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed a ruptured spleen, which was confirmed on laparotomy. She had a complicated postoperative course and died of multiple organ failure. The second patient is a 56-year-old female who presented five days after ERCP and sphincterotomy with abdominal pain, abdominal wall ecchymosis, and decreasing hematocrit. Her evaluation included hospital admission and abdominal CT scan, which showed free fluid and a large hematoma in the transverse mesocolon. These findings were confirmed on laparotomy and a devascularized segment of bowel was resected. CONCLUSION: Only 6 cases of ERCP-related splenic injury have been reported in the literature. One additional report is available of a fatal splenic artery injury. No previous reports exist of a mesenteric hematoma resulting in bowel devascularization. Prompt evaluation and awareness of potential complications should help capture potentially life-threatening sequelae of ERCP.     

Training surgeons in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Background General surgeons commonly perform upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in practice, but few perform endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), partly because of limited training opportunities. This report focuses on the value of an ERCP fellowship training program to a broad-based, mature residency in surgery and our observations on the experience required for surgeons to be trained in advanced interventional ERCP. Methods Since the program was initiated in 1992, 13 ERCP fellows have been trained for individual periods of 6 to 14 months. This study investigated all procedures with fellow involvement (2,008 cases) from among a total experience of 3,641 ERCPs. Data collected included type of ERCP (diagnostic/therapeutic), fellow success in cannulating the duct of interest, and faculty success in cases of fellows who failed. Of the 13 fellows, 9 had previous endoscopy experience, but none had training in ERCP. Results An 85% cannulation rate was accepted as successful, and cannulation rates for each fellow were calculated for each 3-month period. The 85% mark was reached by 4 (31%) of 13 fellows in the first period, 2 of 13 fellows (15%) in the second period, 5 of 11 fellows (45%) in the third period, 7 of 10 fellows (70%) in the fourth period, and 1 of 1 fellow (100%) in the fifth period of training. On the average, it took 7.1 months and 102 ERCPs for trainees to reach desired success levels. Success came more promptly with prior exposure to endoscopy. Fellows without prior endoscopic experience required 148 cases to reach 85% success. Resident surgical experience with major pancreatic resections increased threefold after establishment of the fellowship. Conclusions Training in ERCP is possible within the scope of a surgical fellowship in a reasonable length of time and experience. Complication rates remain low even with fellow involvement. Establishment of an ERCP program increases the focus and experience of pancreas surgery in a surgical residency for chief residents. Presented at the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) meeting, Hollywood, FL, USA, 15 April 2005     

丙泊酚靶控输注用于内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影的麻醉

目的 比较丙泊酚靶控输注与恒速输注用于内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影麻醉的效果差异.方法 选择接受内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)患者67例,随机分为靶控组(n=35)与恒速组(n=32). 麻醉开始予芬太尼1μg/kg静脉注射,靶控组以丙泊酚按血浆靶浓度3 mg/L～6 mg/L诱导.待成功入镜后减至诱导浓度的1/2维持,必要时每次增减0.5 mg/L来加深或减浅麻醉;微泵组以丙泊酚1.5 mg/kg～2.5 mg/kg手工匀速推注至睫毛反射消失为诱导量,入镜后减至6mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)～9mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)泵注维持.两组均以术中体动反应调节麻醉深度.记录两组内泊酚总用量、手术时间、患者入睡时间、苏醒时间、不良事件发生率及术者、患者满意度并作统计分析.结果 靶控组呼吸抑制例数较少,术者满意度较高,差异有统计学意义.结论 靶控输注丙泊酚用于内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影麻醉呼吸抑制发生率低,靶浓度数值便于经验交流,操作简便.值得推广.     

Splenic injury and abscess complicating endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Summary A subcapsular hematoma of the spleen was incurred during ERCP and papillotomy. This was complicated by development of a splenic abscess, which was treated by percutaneous drainage.     

Misdiagnosis using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a patient with postcholecystectomy pain

Summary Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has become an essential tool to investigate patients with the postcholecystectomy syndrome. A normal cholangiogram usually rules out the presence of biliary tract disease, and further investigations are directed towards other organ systems. We present a case in which a normal ERCP caused a significant delay in reassessing the biliary tree in a patient who eventually presented with choledocholithiasis. A repeat ERCP should be considered in patients with persistent biliary tract pain, even if the initial ERCP shows no abnormality.     

老年胃癌患者术后肠内肠外营养支持的评估

目的探讨老年胃癌患者术后肠内、肠外营养联合应用的合理性和安全性。方法36例老年进展期胃癌患者术后分为全肠外营养(TPN)组、肠内营养(TEN)组和PN加EN组,每组12例。检测手术前后人体测量学指标及血浆白蛋白(Alb)、血红蛋白(Hb)和氮平衡变化并进行比较,同时观察胃肠道功能恢复情况及各种不良反应。结果术后3个营养支持组的人体测量学指标和Alb比较,差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05),但术后第2、4、8天PN加EN组氮平衡改善较TEN组明显,P<0.01。TEN组术后早期(6～8h)经鼻肠导管营养液滴注后,5例出现腹胀,其中3例伴腹泻,而PN加EN组采用术后36～48h或听诊可闻及肠鸣音(每分钟3次以上)后方开始输注EN液,则可以较好地耐受。结论老年胃癌患者术后EN时间应适当延长至36～48h或听诊可闻及肠鸣音(每分钟3次以上)开始为宜,在EN支持前可辅以经周围静脉的PN。     

Sedation for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in a pregnant patient

Anesthesiology management of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the twenty-first week of pregnancy of a woman patient is reported. The patient gave birth to a healthy male baby at 40 weeks of gestation.     

营养支持的临床应用探讨

目的探讨营养支持的临床应用问题。方法统计中山市人民医院营养科2010年患者的治疗情况,包括患者一般情况、营养方式、会诊原因等。结果全年共计392例患者,347例患者曾使用肠外营养,平均（10.28±11.93）d;107例曾使用肠内营养,平均（9.92±12.81）d。会诊原因前3位分别为：加强支持、纳差及呕吐。结论需营养支持的患者在医院中分布广泛,医生应把握营养支持指征,选择恰当的营养方式,重视肠内营养的应用以保护消化道结构和功能,同时加强营养支持并发症的监测处理和对患者的心理疏导。     

肝切除术后早期肠内与肠外营养支持对比的前瞻性研究

目的比较肝切除术后早期肠内营养与肠外营养在患者营养支持治疗中的作用。方法 59例肝切除术患者随机分为两组,手术后分别接受肠内和肠外营养1周,观察两种营养支持方法对患者基础营养状况、肝功能、胃肠功能、术后白蛋白用量、死亡率、并发症率和营养支持的费用等方面的影响。结果两组患者日均热卡及氮摄人量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0．05),营养支持耐受性较好。术后第8天时,肠内营养组的白蛋白、体重、上臂围未恢复至术前水平,而肠外营养组只有前白蛋白恢复至术前水平。肠内营养组患者胃肠功能恢复时间(29±12)h较肠外营养组(38± 14)h短,营养支持的日均费用(235±46)元较肠外营养组(344±65)元低,差异有统计学意义(P< 0．05)。结论对肝切除患者而言,肠内营养优于肠外营养。