筋膜瓣修复骨缺损时血管化与膜诱导促成骨作用的量化对比研究

目的 比较不同时期筋膜瓣修复骨缺损时血管化与膜诱导促成骨作用,为临床干预骨缺损治疗提供依据.方法 使用含重组人骨形成蛋白2(BMP-2)的骨诱导吸收材料(OAM)与兔骨髓干细胞(BMSC)构建非细胞型组织工程骨,制作兔尺骨骨缺损模型(n=75)并进行组织工程骨移植修复骨缺损.实验兔分为3组:A组(n=25)单纯植入组织工程骨;在骨缺损邻近区域制备1个带蒂筋膜瓣,B组(n=25)植入无蒂筋膜瓣包裹的组织工程骨,C组(n=25)植入带蒂筋膜瓣包裹的组织工程骨.术后第4、8、12、16周行骨修复区内成骨区与空曝区吸光度比测量、骨形态计量分析和血管图像计量分析;术后第8、12、16周进行放射性核素骨显像检查,腋动脉注入墨汁观察修复区血管再生情况.结果 与A组、B组比较,术后第4、8周C组骨修复区内成骨区与空曝区吸光度比、新生骨小梁面积占镜下修复区面积的比值、单位面积内血管再生面积和放射性核素骨显像感兴趣区(ROI)摄取比值均显著增加(均P＜0.05).与术后第8周比较,术后第16周3组骨修复区内成骨区与空曝区吸光度比、新生骨小梁面积占镜下修复区面积的比值均增加(均P＜0.05).术后第8周A组、B组、C组骨修复区单位面积内血管再生面积分别为(7.20±0.23)％、(7.75±0.57)％、(24.75±1.58)％,放射性核素骨显像ROI摄取比值分别为(7.17±0.01)％、(10.12±0.02)％、(29.37±0.04)％;术后第16周A组、B组、C组骨修复区单位面积内血管再生面积分别为(4.31±0.13)％、(4.69±0.12)％、(9.98±0.74)％,放射性核素骨显像ROI摄取比值分别为(5.03±0.01)％、(5.16±0.04)％、(12.75±0.03)％,组内比较显示术后第16周各组单位面积内血管再生面积和放射性核素骨显像ROI摄取比值均减少(均P＜0.05).结论 带蒂筋膜瓣早期以促血管化成骨作用为主,后期以膜诱导成骨作用为主.     

Silicate bioceramics induce angiogenesis during bone regeneration

The capacity to induce rapid vascular ingrowth during new bone formation is an important feature of biomaterials that are to be used for bone regeneration. Akermanite, a Ca-, Mg- and Si-containing bioceramic, has been demonstrated to be osteoinductive and to promote bone repair. This study further demonstrates the ability of akermanite to promote angiogenesis and investigates the mechanism of this behavior. The akermanite ion extract predominantly caused Si-ion-stimulated proliferation of human aortic endothelial cells. The Si ion in the extract was the most important component for the effect and the most effective concentration was found to be 0.6-2 μg ml⁻¹. In this range of Si ion concentration, the stimulating effect of the ceramic ion extract was demonstrated by the morphology of cells at the primary, interim and late stages during in vitro angiogenesis using ECMatrix™. The akermanite ion extract up-regulated the expression of genes encoding the receptors of proangiogenic cytokines and also increased the expression level of genes encoding the proangiogenic downstream cytokines, such as nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide synthesis. Akermanite implanted in rabbit femoral condyle model promoted neovascularization after 8 and 16 weeks of implantation, which further confirmed its stimulation effect on angiogenesis in vivo. These results indicate that akermanite ceramic, an appropriate Si ion concentration source, could induce angiogenesis through increasing gene expression of proangiogenic cytokine receptors and up-regulated downstream signaling. To our knowledge, akermanite ceramic is the first Si-containing ceramic demonstrated to be capable of inducing angiogenesis during bone regeneration.     

Osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis with cocultured adipose-derived stromal cells and bone marrow stromal cells

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of cocultured adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) in enhancing the osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) as well as the underlying mechanism and the optimal ratio. Two in vitro coculture models, segregated cocultures using transwell and mixed cocultures, were employed to assess the indirect and direct effects of coculture respectively. Coculture was carried out for 14 days using 1 × 10⁵ BMSCs and ASCs of variable number. BMSCs, ASCs, or both were seeded in PLGA scaffold and implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of 25 nude mice for in vivo analysis of angiogenesis. To evaluate the orthotopic bone formation, critical size calvarial defects were created on 20 mice, and implanted with hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate granules plus BMSCs, ASCs, or both. From both transwell and mixed coculture model, 1 × 10⁵ BMSCs cocultured with 0.5 × 10⁵ ASCs showed significantly greater osteogenic differentiation and mineralization than BMSCs alone. The mixed ASC/BMSC coculture at or above a ratio of 0.5/1 showed increased secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and induced effective tube formation from human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which were comparable to ASCs. Cytokine profiling assay and gene expression study showed elevated levels of angiogenic factors VEGF and CXCL1, osteogenic factor Wnt5a as well as transforming growth factor (TGF)-βR1 and SMAD3 from BMSCs when cocultured with ASCs. After 5 weeks of implantation, polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-ASCs-BMSCs had a number of vascular structures comparable to PLGA-ASCs and significantly greater than PLGA-BMSCs. Calvarial defects treated with ceramic/BMSCs/ASCs had greater area of repair and better reconstitution of osseous structure than the defects treated with ceramic/ASCs or ceramic/BMSCs after 10 weeks. In conclusion, ASCs added to BMSCs promoted osteogenesis and angiogenesis at the optimal ASC/BMSC ratio of 0.5/1.     

Human bone marrow stromal cells: In vitro expansion and differentiation for bone engineering

Stromal cells from marrow hold a great promise for bone regeneration. Even if they are already being exploited in many clinical settings, the biological basis for the source and maintenance of their proliferation/differentiation potential after in vitro isolation and expansion needs further investigation.

Most studies on osteogenic differentiation of marrow stromal cells (MSC) have been performed using bone marrow from the iliac crest. In this study, MSC were derived from spare femoral bone marrow obtained during hip replacement surgery from 20 adult donors. After in vitro isolation the cells were grown in osteogenic medium, and their proliferation and differentiation analysed during in vitro expansion. We found that MSC isolated from the femur of adult patients consistently maintain an osteogenic potential. Using biochemical signals, these cells turn to fully differentiated osteoblasts with a predictable set of molecular and phenotypic events of in vitro bone deposition. When seeded on polycaprolactone-based scaffold or surfaces, the proliferation and mineralization of femur-derived MSC were modulated by the surface chemistry/topography. Despite remarkable differences between individual colony-forming ability, alkaline phosphatase production, and mineralization ability, these cells are a potential source for bone engineering, either by direct autologous reimplantation or by ex vivo expansion and reimplantation combined to a proper scaffold.     

骨髓基质干细胞复合煅烧骨的皮下成骨

背景：研究证明骨髓基质干细胞与煅烧骨支架材料结合后可形成组织工程化骨,但在动物体内的生物相容性及皮下诱导成骨的能力国内报道较少。 目的：观察骨髓基质细胞复合异种煅烧骨植入BALB/c裸鼠背部皮下的成骨性能及煅烧骨材料作为组织工程骨支架材料的可行性。 方法：选用经脱脂及脱蛋白处理后高温煅烧形成的骨支架材料与梯度密度离心法分离培养至第3代的羊骨髓基质干细胞构建细胞-煅烧骨复合物植入BALB/c裸鼠背部皮下,选同期对侧背部皮下植入单纯煅烧骨为对照组。 结果与结论：煅烧后的松质骨块为白垩色,表面呈蜂窝状多孔结构,保留了天然松质骨的多孔状空间结构。骨小梁结构完整,孔隙相互连通。骨髓基质干细胞接种到煅烧骨后24 h可见大量细胞黏附于支架上,7 d后细胞分泌大量细胞外基质,细胞与基质分界不清,细胞能在材料上良好地黏附、增殖与生长,细胞活性未受到支架材料的影响。植入4周后,两组均可见煅烧骨边缘出现少量残片,细胞-煅烧骨复合物组煅烧骨孔隙周边可发现骨细胞,对照组煅烧骨表面可见纤维结缔组织包绕。植入后8周,两组均可见到煅烧骨部分降解为片状类骨质,周围有成纤维细胞包绕,排列紧密,形态多样,细胞-煅烧骨复合物组煅烧骨孔隙内可见煅烧骨表面有排列成行的成骨细胞,孔隙间有散在淋巴细胞浸润。对照组标本可见孔隙内有大量结缔组织长入,未见明显成骨迹象。结果说明,经高温煅烧后的松质骨材料,具有良好的生物相容性和生物安全性,可作为骨髓基质干细胞的良好载体,复合后植入体内能够诱导新生骨组织形成,可作为骨缺损组织工程修复的支架材料。     

An amphiphilic degradable polymer/hydroxyapatite composite with enhanced handling characteristics promotes osteogenic gene expression in bone marrow stromal cells

Electrospun polymer/hydroxyapatite (HA) composites combining biodegradability with osteoconductivity are attractive for skeletal tissue engineering applications. However, most biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) are hydrophobic and do not blend with adequate interfacial adhesion with HA, compromising the structural homogeneity, mechanical integrity and biological performance of the composite. To overcome this challenge, we combined a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) block with poly(d,l-lactic acid) to improve the adhesion of the degradable polymer with HA. The amphiphilic triblock copolymer PLA–PEG–PLA (PELA) improved the stability of HA–PELA suspension at 25 wt.% HA content, which was readily electrospun into HA–PELA composite scaffolds with uniform fiber dimensions. HA–PELA was highly extensible (failure strain >200% vs. <40% for HA–PLA), superhydrophilic (～0° water contact angle vs. >100° for HA–PLA), and exhibited an 8-fold storage modulus increase (unlike deterioration for HA–PLA) upon hydration, owing to the favorable interaction between HA and PEG. HA–PELA also better promoted osteochondral lineage commitment of bone marrow stromal cells in unstimulated culture and supported far more potent osteogenic gene expression upon induction than HA–PLA. We demonstrate that the chemical incorporation of PEG is an effective strategy to improve the performance of degradable polymer/HA composites for bone tissue engineering applications.     

骨组织工程的种子细胞--骨髓基质细胞的研究进展

骨髓基质细胞作为骨组织工程的种子细胞具有广阔前景.许多实验证实骨髓基质细胞具有间充质干细胞特性,表现为较强的增殖能力和向多种间充质细胞分化的潜能.目前已建立了体外培养骨髓基质干细胞的方法,而且正在摸索进一步纯化的方法和诱导分化的条件.已有利用其成骨特性体内移植实验,表明在适当的条件下,接种在组织工程材料上的骨髓基质细胞可以形成新骨.     

放射抑制小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨潜能并导致骨损伤

目的 观察放射对小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMMSCs)体外成骨潜能及体内骨组织的影响.方法 分离、培养正常的及接受4Gy放射后28d的小鼠BMMSCs,用碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和Von Kossa染色法鉴定BMMSCs体外成骨分化潜能的改变,并通过骨组织形态学和骨密度(BMD)检测放射后小鼠体内骨组织的相关变化.结果 4Gy照射28d后小鼠BMMSCs的成骨潜能明显降低,同时体内骨组织结构破坏,小鼠骨密度降低.结论 放射损伤后小鼠BMMSCs的成骨潜能显著降低,可能在干细胞水平参与了放射后骨损伤的发生.     

小鼠骨髓基质干细胞体外成骨的实验研究

目的　建立一种良好的分离和培养小鼠骨髓基质干细胞 (moasebonemarrow derivedmesenchymalstemcells ,mMSCs)的方法 ,观察小鼠骨髓基质干细胞体外成骨潜能。方法　应用贴壁选择法结合细胞克隆收集法进行mMSCs的分离纯化 ,应用细胞生长因子 (EGF和PDGF BB)刺激法进行MSCs的体外培养和传代 ,并在低糖DMEM (DMEM LG)培养液中培养。为促进mMSCs体外成骨性分化 ,传代培养到一定时期时加入成骨性添加剂和 1 0 %胎牛血清。培养第 2 0天分别用Gomori钙钴法显示碱性磷酸酶和VonKossa改良法显示钙化结节。结果　mMSCs呈克隆化增殖并贴壁生长形成形态均一的梭形细胞群。成骨性添加剂可有效作用于传代培养的mMSCs,表现为细胞之间相互连接形成结节状聚合体 ,碱性磷酸酶阳性细胞数量增多 ,VonKossa染色可见钙化结节的形成。结论　建立的mMSCs的分离、培养和成骨条件有效 ,所分离培养的mMSCs具有良好的体外成骨潜能     

量化比较带蒂筋膜瓣促血管化成骨与膜诱导成骨作用及成骨效果的实验研究

目的通过量化指标测定,明确带蒂筋膜瓣包裹自体骨髓基质干细胞（BMSC）接种的非细胞型组织工程骨在修复骨缺损各时间段中的主要作用及成骨效果,为临床干预骨缺损的治疗提供依据。方法制作动物骨缺损模型及带蒂筋膜瓣,随机分为A、B、C三组,A组为单纯植入对照组,B组为无蒂筋膜瓣对照组,C组为带蒂筋膜瓣实验组,在第4、8、12、16周进行骨修复区吸光度比测量、骨形态计量分析、交界区和中心区血管图像计量分析,第8、12、16周同时进行放射性核素骨显像检查、腋动脉注入墨汁检查及生物力学测定分析。结果第4、8周时,C组与A组、B组相比较其骨修复区吸光度比值、新生骨小梁面积、再生血管面积和放射性核素骨显像摄取比值明显增多,生物力学强度增加,各项量化指标差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,表现为早期骨修复过程中血管体积增多对成骨作用是有利的;第12、16周时,三组骨修复区吸光度比测量、新生骨小梁面积和生物力学强度逐渐明显增加,C组仍大于A组、B组,但各组再生血管面积和放射性核素骨显像摄取比值较第8周下降明显,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,表现为随着时间的推移,成熟骨组织量的增多,血管化作用逐渐减弱,后期膜诱导成骨作用显著。结论带蒂筋膜瓣包裹自体BMSC接种的非细胞型组织工程骨具有构建血管化和膜诱导组织再生双重作用,早期促血管化成骨作用占主导地位,并有助于膜诱导成骨作用,后期膜诱导成骨作用为主,促血管化成骨作用消失,临床适时干预治疗对骨缺损修复有极好作用。     

Tissue-engineered peripheral nerve grafting by differentiated bone marrow stromal cells

Bone marrow stromal cells are multipotential stem cells that contribute to the differentiation of tissues such as bone, cartilage, fat and muscle. In the experiment, we found that bone marrow stromal cells can be induced to differentiate into cells expressing characteristic markers of Schwann cells, such as S-100 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, promoting peripheral nerve regeneration. Tissue-engineered bioartificial nerve grafting of rats by differentiated bone marrow stromal cells was applied for bridging a 10 mm-long sciatic nerve defect. Twenty-eight inbred strains of female F344 rats weighing 160 approximately 200 g were randomly divided into four nerve grafting groups, with seven rats in each group. Differentiated bone marrow stromal cell-laden group: poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid tubes with an intrinsic framework were seeded with syngeneic bone marrow stromal cells which were induced for 5 days; Schwann cell-laden group: poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid tubes with an intrinsic framework were seeded with syngeneic Schwann cells; acellular group: poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid tubes were only filled with an intrinsic framework; autografts group. Three months later, a series of examinations was performed, including electrophysiological methods, walking track analysis, immunohistological staining of nerves, immunostaining of S-100 and neurofilament, and axon counts. The outcome indicated that bone marrow stromal cells are able to differentiate into Schwann-like cells and Schwann-like cells could promote nerve regeneration. Bone marrow stromal cells may be potentially optional seed cells for peripheral nerve tissue engineering because of abilities of promoting axonal regeneration.     

hBMP-2基因转染的MSC与BGC的体外生物相容性研究

目的：研究人骨形态发生蛋白-2(human bone morphogenetic protein．2，hBMP-2)基因转染的兔骨髓基质细胞(bone marrows tromalcells，MSC)与生物活性陶瓷(Bioactive glass ceramics，BGC)体外培养条件下的生物相容性。方法：应用脂质体介导法将携带hBMP-2基因的重组载体PcDNA3-hBMP2导人体外培养的MSC中，G418筛选获得阳性克隆，继续扩增培养。细胞分为实验组(转染的细胞与BGC复合)，对照组(单纯转染的细胞)，在不同时间用倒置相差显微镜观察。MTT法进行细胞增殖测定，并进行细胞蛋白含量和碱性磷酸酶的定量检测。结果：原位杂交证实基因转染成功，形态特征及生物学行为证实携带hBMP-2基因的MSC无致瘤性，转染的MSC体外培养时复合或不复合BGC均生长良好，BGC利于细胞的贴附、生长与增殖，并对细胞的功能无不良影响。结论：基因转染的MSC可以作为一种新型的种子细胞，BGC是较理想的骨组织工程支架材料，基因转染的MSC复合BGC用于骨缺损的修复，具有广阔的临床应用前景。     

骨髓间充质干细胞与复合I型胶原和骨形态发生蛋白2的聚乳酸乙醇酸构建组织工程骨

目的探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)体外分离培养后种植到复合Ⅰ型胶原和重组人类骨形态发生蛋白2(rhBMP-2)的聚乳酸乙醇酸(PLGA)生物支架上,构建组织工程骨的可行性.方法密度梯度离心法提取分离BMSC,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,流式细胞分析法对细胞表面抗原进行鉴定.相分离法制备多孔三维PLGA生物支架,支架材料上复合Ⅰ型胶原和rhBMP-2,扫描电镜观察其超微结构.将第3代的BMSC接种于复合支架上,扫描电镜观察材料的细胞黏附性,将培养6 h 后的细胞-支架复合体植入SD大鼠肌袋内,于2个月后取材进行HE染色,观察其构建组织工程骨的情况.结果 BMSC可在体外分离扩增,表达CD29、CD44,不表达CD34和CD45.制备的PLGA支架孔隙率为90%,平均孔径为100 μm,与BMSC有较好的黏附性.2个月后动物体内细胞-支架复合体的大体观察和HE染色显示,BMSC种植到复合Ⅰ型胶原和rhBMP-2的PLGA生物支架上可构建骨组织.结论 BMSC可在体外长期、稳定培养,是理想的组织工程种子细胞.PLGA与干细胞有较好的黏附性,可用来做组织工程生物材料.BMSC种植到复合Ⅰ型胶原和rhBMP-2的PLGA生物支架上后,在动物体内可构建组织工程骨.     

Human bone marrow stromal cells hamper specific interactions of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes with antigen-presenting cells

Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) may inhibit T-cell functions in vitro and thus have been proposed as immunoregulators to control in vivo graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in haploidentical hemopoietic stem cell transplants. To better investigate this phenomenon, we used a defined experimental system in which responding T cells are antigen-specific and devoid of alloreactivity against BMSC from a different subject. Thus, we established antigen-specific human CD4 and CD8 T-cell lines as the readout system. Antigen-dependent proliferation was reduced with both T-cell subsets cultured on confluent BMSCs, and also on confluent human skin fibroblasts (HSF) inhibited T-cell proliferation with similar efficiency. Morphological observations of the cocultures showed impairment of physical interactions between T-cell and antigen-presenting cells in the presence of BMSC, with lack of formation of antigen-dependent clusters of T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In contrast, no effects were seen with BMSC-conditioned medium. Since suppression was seen only with confluent mesenchymal cells, this phenomenon may not be relevant in vivo, where BMSCs are at low frequency. In addition, if the reported suppressive effect of BMSCs on GVHD in vivo is confirmed, a different in vitro system should be envisaged to better understand and exploit the underlying mechanism.     

骨髓基质细胞衰老对造血细胞衰老的影响

目的探讨骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)衰老对骨髓造血细胞衰老的影响及其可能的机制。方法贴壁培养大鼠骨髓基质细胞,传代BMSCs至P3代时分组。对照组:常规培养;衰老组:常规培养基础上加入D-半乳糖(D-Gal)诱导BMSCs衰老,两组细胞分别培养48h。收集培养上清液,ELISA法检测细胞因子:粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、干细胞因子(SCF)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β,IL-2和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量,CCK-8检测细胞增殖能力,衰老相关β-半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-Gal)染色检测BMSCs衰老。分离提取正常骨髓单个核细胞(BMMNCs),在衰老组与对照组BMMSCs上种植正常BMMNCs共培养24h,收集上层悬浮BMMNCs。CCK-8法测定细胞增殖能力;多向造血祖细胞集落(CFU-Mix)半固体培养法检测细胞增殖及分化能力;SA-β-Gal染色观察衰老细胞百分率;流式细胞术分析细胞周期与细胞凋亡;DCFH-DA荧光染色检测细胞活性氧簇(ROS)水平;酶学法检测细胞内丙二醛(MDA)含量和总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果衰老组BMSCs增殖能力显著下降,SA-β-Gal染色阳性细胞百分率增加,细胞分泌GM-CSF、SCF、IL-6、IL-1β水平明显降低,IL-2、TNF-α水平显著升高。与衰老BMSCs共培养后,BMMNCs的增殖能力显著下降,SA-β-Gal染色阳性细胞百分率显著上升,BMMNCs形成CFUMix集落数量明显降低,细胞周期呈现阻滞且细胞凋亡率上升,细胞内ROS、MDA含量上升,SOD含量下降。结论本实验中D-Gal成功复制了BMSCs衰老,衰老的BMSCs可诱导骨髓造血细胞衰老,其机制可能与BMSCs导致造血细胞氧化损伤有关。     

骨髓间充质干细胞用于软骨组织工程的研究进展

细胞移植技术治疗软骨损伤已成为一项新兴的组织工程学研究热点.骨髓间充质干细胞由于其具有扩增快、便于分离提纯、可以体外诱导分化成为软骨细胞的特性,有可能成为组织工程化软骨的新型种子细胞.随着骨髓间充质干细胞应用于软骨组织工程研究的深入,结合近年的研究文献和成果,就骨髓间充质干细胞的诱导微环境和诱导方式的研究进展进行综述,探讨骨髓间充质干细胞作为种子细胞在构建组织工程软骨中的优越性.     

Characterization of osteoblasts derived from bone marrow stromal cells in a modified cell culture system

Bone marrow is a complex tissue composed of hematopoietic and stromal stem cells with the potential to differentiate into adipogenic, fibroblastic, reticular, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. Identification of differentiation markers during transformation of stromal cells into osteoblasts in a time-dependent manner may be informative for cell-based tissue engineering. Therefore, we investigated the effects of osteogenic medium (OM) on the proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). BMSCs from adult male rat tibia and femur were collected and cultured in alpha-MEM medium with 10% fetal bovine serum, penicillin, streptomycin and gentamycin. After three days of culture, the medium covering the adherent cells in culture was changed to OM containing dexamethasone, Na-beta-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid. As a control, cell culture was also continued in the original medium for the same time period. Differentiated osteoblast cells were collected after 7, 10, 14, 21 and 30 days of culture, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and their immunolabelling for osteoblast markers osteonectin (ON) and osteocalcin (OC) was assessed using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Immunolabelling of ON and OC was detectable from day 10 of culture, began to increase on day 14, and increased steadily through to day 21. Labelling was highest on day 30 and was more intense in cells cultured with OM compared to the culture without OM. The control cells cultured in the absence of OM produced negligible levels of both markers. In conclusion, our culture system facilitated differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts featuring osteoblast markers, and these cells may be useful in autologous bone implant for the treatment of bone wound healing.     

去势大鼠骨量丢失过程中骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖分化功能

目的: 研究骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)增殖分化功能在去势大鼠骨质疏松发病过程中对骨量丢失的作用。方法: 选用10周龄健康雌性SD大鼠行双侧卵巢切除术(OVX),建立骨质疏松症(OP)的动物模型;选用同一批次、周龄相同、体重相近的健康雌性SD大鼠行双侧卵巢附近脂肪组织部分切除术,建立假手术(sham)组,假手术大鼠组(sham group)。采用离心法、贴壁法和有限稀释法分离、培养、纯化大鼠BMSCs,体外培养传至3~4代后用于实验:流式细胞术进行BMSCs表型鉴定;克隆形成实验检测BMSCs增殖状况;MTT法测定BMSCs生长曲线;成脂诱导后脂滴油红O染色法检测比较2组大鼠BMSCs成脂能力;成骨诱导后钙化结节茜素红染色法检测比较2组大鼠BMSCs成骨能力;RT-PCR法检测大鼠BMSCs成骨相关蛋白Runx2、骨钙素(OCN)和骨桥蛋白(OPN)mRNA的表达。结果: 与sham组大鼠BMSCs相比,OVX组大鼠BMSCs克隆形成能力减弱,增殖能力降低,成脂向分化增强,成骨向分化减弱(P<0.05)。结论: 去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠BMSCs增殖及成骨分化减弱,成脂分化增强;这导致去势大鼠快速的骨量丢失,在去势大鼠OP发病过程中发挥着重要作用。     

纳米级二氧化锆增韧羟基磷灰石生物复合陶瓷对兔骨髓基质干细胞增殖、分化的影响

背景：课题组拟对纳米级二氧化锆增韧的羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷进行一些初步研究,主要集中在生物力学匹配性,化学稳定性,以及生物相容性实验,其中体外细胞培养实验具有可控性,可重复性,能很好地反映材料的生物相容性。 目的：比较纳米级二氧化锆增韧的羟基磷灰石、纯羟基磷灰石两种材料对兔骨髓基质干细胞增殖、分化的影响。 方法：将骨髓基质干细胞置于含体积分数为20%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中培养,传代后改用含β-甘油磷酸钠,地塞米松和维生素C的条件培养基培养。取传至第3代的成骨细胞,以1.0×108 L-1浓度接种于放有材料块的细胞培养板中,培养第1~10天倒置相差显微镜观察细胞生长情况,绘制细胞生长曲线,并进行碱性磷酸酶活性检测。培养第6天的细胞和材料复合物用多聚甲醛固定进行扫描电镜观察。 结果与结论：MTT法测得两种材料培养的细胞生长曲线无显著差异。复合培养的兔骨髓基质干细胞能够保持正常分泌碱性磷酸酶的功能。电镜照片也同样证实了两种材料表面均有细胞的附着。说明纳米级二氧化锆增韧的羟基磷灰石、纯羟基磷灰石均不影响成骨细胞增长分化,具有优良的成骨细胞相容性。     

丝素蛋白复合骨髓间充质干细胞构建组织工程化骨修复节段性骨缺损的实验研究

目的 探讨丝素蛋白材料复合骨髓间充质干细胞构建组织工程化骨组织修复兔桡骨的节段性骨缺损的可行性.方法 分离培养兔骨髓间充质干细胞,与丝素蛋白膜材料复合培养,扫描电镜观察细胞在材料上的生长情况.将24只新西兰大白兔制成桡骨中段1.5cm长的骨缺损模型,随机分为3组:实验组(植入细胞材料复合物)、对照组(单纯植入丝素蛋白材料)、空白组(不植入修复材料).术后2,4,8,12周分别行大体观察、组织学观察和X线观察,比较3组骨缺损修复的情况.结果 骨髓间充质干细胞在丝素蛋白膜材料上生长情况良好.术后2,4,8,12周放射学检查新骨生成以及组织学检查新骨生成情况,实验组均优于对照组,空白组各时点均无新骨形成.结论 丝素蛋白材料与骨髓间充质干细胞体外复合培养构建的组织工程化骨能够修复兔桡骨缺损,可以作为组织工程骨的支架材料的全新来源. Abstract： Objective To investigate the possibility of adopting the silk fibroin biomaterial as the scaf-fold for bone marrow mesechymal stem cells(BMSCs) in the repair of rabbit radial defects. Methods BMSCs were isolated and co-cultured with the silk fibroin biomaterial in vitro. The growth condition of these cells on the scaffold was observed under electronic microscope. Bone defect models were made by removing 15 mm length of midshaft radial bone in 24 New Zealand rabbits. Animals were randomly devided into the experimental group in which the BMSCs seeded silk fibroin scaffold were transplanted, control group in which simple silk fibroin bioma-terial scaffold was adopted and blank group in which rabbits were left untreated. The repair of the defects was observed at 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks after operation, respectively. Results The rabbits BMSCs grew well on the material and the animals treated with grafts exhibited new bone formation. Result from experimental group was apparently superior to that of the control group at 2, 4, 8, 12 we