经伤椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折28例临床体会

目的探讨经伤椎椎弓根固定在胸腰椎爆裂骨折中的疗效。方法对28例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折给予伤椎及上下邻椎钉棒系统椎弓根螺钉内固定,并行椎板切除减压,横突间植骨融合。结果经过14～32个月,平均18.4个月随访,术前伤椎椎体压缩率(56.3±12.1)%,Cobb角(16.8±7.9)°;术后12周伤椎椎体压缩率(16.5±7.9)%,Cobb角(7.4±6.1)°。手术前后伤椎椎体压缩率和Cobb角差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经伤椎椎弓根固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折具有即时复位程度高、术后椎体高度和后凸矫正丢失少的优点。     

伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎单椎体爆裂性骨折的临床观察

目的 探讨伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎单椎体爆裂性骨折的疗效.方法 采用伤椎及其上下邻椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎单椎体爆裂性骨折42例,随访观察患者伤椎高度、Cobb角的变化并行统计学分析.结果 随访6～36个月,平均22.6个月,伤椎高度平均恢复至正常的93.1%(P＜0.01),术后矢状面Cobb角,平均为3.6°,随访结束...     

下腰椎爆裂骨折的手术治疗选择

[目的]探讨下腰椎爆裂性骨折损伤特点和手术方法的选择。[方法]本组23例下腰椎爆裂性骨折，按损伤部位分为3型：Ⅰ型单椎体骨折，采用短节段椎弓根螺钉系统固定；Ⅱ型多椎体骨折，采用长节段椎弓根钉系统内固定；Ⅲ型合并骶椎的骨折，采用腰骶髂的联合内固定。术前术后X线片测量伤椎椎体高度、腰椎前凸角，CT片测量椎管占位率，分别以ASIA标准评定神经功能，以Charles标准评定临床效果。[结果]随访1～5年，伤椎椎体高度从34％（20％～50％）恢复至88％（70％-95％），腰椎前凸角由术前的35&#176;&#177;7&#176;到38&#176;&#177;10&#176;，椎管内占位面积由55％（35％～90％）减少到6％（0—10％），ASIA分级提高1～3级，按Charles标准临床疗效优良率85％。[结论]对不稳定的下腰椎爆裂骨折应早期手术治疗，并据骨折的不同部位可分别采用长、短各异的椎弓根螺钉系统及腰骶髂联合的内固定方法。     

椎弓根钉伤椎固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折疗效分析

目的探讨椎弓根钉结合伤椎固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的可行性和疗效。方法对32例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折应用伤椎及上下邻近椎体椎弓根螺钉固定治疗,伤椎固定螺钉不经过骨折线,多位于椎体下半部,同时进行椎板切除减压,横突间植骨融合。结果经过6～28个月随访,术后椎体高度基本恢复正常,术后cobb＇s角恢复较佳。结论椎弓根钉结合伤椎固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折是可行的,可使脊柱骨折复位良好,能增加术后稳定性,有利于矫正后凸畸形和维持矫正效果,可减少内固定的折损。     

椎弓根钉结合伤椎固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

目的总结分析伤椎椎弓根固定在胸腰椎爆裂性骨折中的作用。方法对48例胸腰椎爆裂骨折给予伤椎及上下邻椎椎弓根固定治疗,伤椎根据骨折情况选择短钉或万向钉,椎弓根螺钉不经过骨折线,并进行椎板切除减压,横突间植骨融合。结果经过6~25个月随访,术后椎体高度基本恢复正常,术后后凸角度基本纠正。结论伤椎椎弓根内固定既可有效的使胸腰椎爆裂性骨折良好复位,牢固固定,又可减少内固定的松动或断裂,减少术后后凸的形成。     

经伤椎椎弓根植骨结合椎弓根螺钉治疗胸腰椎骨折远期疗效

目的 探讨经伤椎椎弓根植骨结合椎弓根螺钉治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的远期疗效.方法 采用经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨结合后路短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定、椎管减压治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折62例.测量伤椎椎体前缘、中央及后缘高度压缩率变化,Cobb角改善情况;经伤椎椎弓根平面CT扫描,观察椎管减压及椎体内植骨融合情况.结果 术后全部患者经随访...     

经伤椎椎弓根钉固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床研究

目的 探讨经伤椎椎弓根固定在胸腰椎爆裂骨折中的疗效.方法 对31例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折给予伤椎及上下邻椎椎弓根固定,并行椎板切除减压,横突间植骨融合.结果 经过13～30个月,平均17.6个月随访,术前伤椎椎体压缩率(57.1±11.2)%,C0bb角(17.2±7.8)°;术后12周伤椎椎体压缩率(16.5±5.7)%,C0bb角(5.5+7.2)°;术后1年伤椎椎体压缩率(19.5±8.7)%,Cobb角(7.5±5.9)°.手术前后伤椎椎体压缩率和Cobb角差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 经伤椎椎弓根内固定可有效的使胸腰椎爆裂骨折良好复位,可靠固定,防止术后后凸的形成.     

经伤椎固定保留后方韧带复合体治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的探讨经伤椎固定联合保留后方韧带复合体治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的可行性及疗效。方法对21例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折应用伤椎及上下邻近椎体椎弓根螺钉固定,同时进行双侧椎板切除减压,保留棘突及修复棘间、棘上韧带,横突间植骨融合。结果术后随访12～36个月,伤椎高度基本恢复,胸腰椎Cobb角恢复正常,内固定物无松动、断裂发生。结论经伤椎固定联合保留后方韧带复合体能增加术后稳定性,有利于矫正后凸畸形和维持矫正效果,可降低内固定失败发生率,是治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的一种有效方法。     

经伤椎椎弓根钉固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

目的探讨经伤椎椎弓根钉固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的可行性及临床疗效。方法经伤椎椎弓根钉固定治疗23例胸腰椎单节段爆裂性骨折患者。结果患者均获随访,时间6～18（12±3.1）个月。骨折椎体均愈合,愈合时间3～6个月,伤椎置入椎弓根钉无神经损伤,术后伤椎高度较术前得到明显恢复,后凸畸形角度明显改善,生理弧度恢复。末次随访时伤椎高度丢失不明显。结论采用经伤椎椎弓根螺钉短节段固定是一种维持胸腰椎爆裂性骨折复位的有效方法。     

伤椎椎弓根螺钉固定横突间植骨治疗胸腰段爆裂骨折

目的评价经伤椎行椎弓根螺钉固定结合横突间植骨治疗胸腰椎单节段椎体爆裂性骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2006年6月至2009年1月期间经伤椎行椎弓根螺钉固定结合横突间植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折病例资料16例,其中男性11例,女性5例;年龄21～68岁,平均42.4岁。收集的病例均为单节段椎体爆裂性骨折,伤椎仅一侧椎弓根置钉,即五钉固定法。比较术前术后椎体前缘高度、脊柱后凸角（矢状面Cobb′s角）、椎管正中矢状径、神经功能Frankel分级等指标。结果术后随访6～24个月,平均随访10.8个月,术后均获得较好复位,高度及外形基本恢复正常,无内固定物松动、断裂等并发症,手术前后椎体前缘高度、脊柱后凸角（矢状面Cobb′s角）、椎管正中矢状径比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,疼痛明显减轻,神经功能Frankel分级亦有改善。结论经伤椎行椎弓根螺钉固定结合横突间植骨治疗胸腰椎椎体爆裂性骨折可获得不错疗效,可以较好重建椎体高度,减少并发症,增强固定的稳定性及抗扭转能力,是治疗胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折一种可行、有效的方法 。     

Reduce the fractured central endplate in thoracolumbar fractures using percutaneous pedicle screws and instrumentational maneuvers: Technical strategy and radiological outcomes

IntroductionTraumatic thoracolumbar burst fracture is a common condition without a clear consensus on the best treatment approach. Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF) techniques are widely used in practice, while its ability to correct fracture deformity is relatively weak, especially for the central area of the endplate. In this study, we reported a novel technique to reduce the fractured central endplate in thoracolumbar burst fractures.MethodsThe new reduction technique uses six percutaneous pedicle screws for the fractured vertebra and its adjacent vertebrae. Pedicle screws implanted in the two adjacent vertebrae were parallel to the superior vertebral endplate, as routinely required. Two monoaxial pedicle screws implanted in the fractured vertebra were placed toward the anteroinferior portion of the fractured vertebral body. After routine instrumentation and ligamentotaxis reduction, the bolt heads of the four screws implanted in the adjacent vertebrae were first tightened, and then the bolt heads of the screws implanted in the fractured vertebra were gradually tighten to elevate the collapsed endplate. A fundamental principle of this technique is to implant the pedicle screw in the fractured vertebra towards the anteroinferior portion of the vertebra in such a way that the angle between the pedicle screw and the rod is oblique on lateral fluoroscopy. As such, when the bolt heads were tightened, the pedicle screws can be swung up to reduce the endplate fragments.ResultsThe novel technique was performed in 24 patients with neurologically intact thoracolumbar AO type A3 fractures. The middle vertebral height ratio was significantly improved from 69.7%±7.6% after routine reduction to 85.1%±4.5% postoperatively (p<0.01). No complication was noticed for this new reduction technique. At 6-month follow-up, no significant correction loss of the middle and posterior vertebral height ratios, Cobb angle, and vertebral wedge angle was observed, while 5.8% of correction loss was observed for the anterior vertebral height ratio.ConclusionThe described reduction technique is simple, safe, and effective in reducing the collapsed central endplate in thoracolumbar burst fractures. Such a practical reduction strategy does not need additional medical costs.     

椎弓根螺钉内固定间接减压治疗胸腰椎骨折疗效观察

目的探讨经椎弓根螺钉内固定间接减压治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效。方法32例胸腰椎骨折患者中，17例以4枚椎弓根螺钉固定伤椎上下相邻椎体，15例以6枚椎弓根螺钉固定含伤椎及相邻上下椎体，对患者术前术后的椎体高度、矢状径Cobb角、椎管矢状径占有率、神经功能Frankel分级变化等指标进行测量并随访。结果所有患者获4～42个月随访，伤椎平均高度由术前（43．2±1．8）％恢复至（91±2．0）％，矢状面Cobb角由术前（24．2±3．0）°恢复至（5±1．0）°，椎管内矢状径占有率由（60．2±8．7）％增到（85．5±12．8）％。神经损伤术后Frankel分级：A级2例无恢复；B级2例恢复至E级1例，1例无恢复；C级5例恢复至D级1例，E级4例；D级10例恢复至E级9例，1例无恢复。无死亡或神经损伤加重病例。1例螺钉松动，1例螺钉断裂。结论用椎弓根钉复位、内固定、间接减压治疗胸腰椎骨折具有创伤小、出血少、手术时间短、脊柱稳定性好、有效矫正及预防脊柱后凸畸形、手术并发症低等优点。     

经伤椎椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的探讨经伤椎椎弓根钉固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床疗效。方法 58例胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者中36例行传统跨伤椎的4钉固定(A组),22例行经伤椎椎弓根5钉固定(B组)。结果 58例均获随访,时间7～32(13.5±5.4)个月。依据患者伤椎前缘高度、矢状面Cobb角、椎管正中矢状径、神经功能恢复进行临床疗效评价。伤椎前缘高度、矢状面Cobb角、椎管正中矢状径两组术后1周与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);但两组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6个月,椎前缘高度、矢状面Cobb角两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),椎管正中矢状径、神经功能评定两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经伤椎椎弓根固定是治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的有效方法,较传统跨伤椎固定能更好维持矫正效果。     

Posterior fixation of thoracolumbar burst fracture: short-segment pedicle fixation versus long-segment instrumentation

OBJECTIVE: The treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture is a controversial issue. Short-segment (SS) pedicle fixation has become a popular treatment option. However, there are several studies regarding the high rate of failure. The aim of this prospective study was to compare SS versus long-segment (LS) instrumentation. METHODS: For this purpose, 18 consecutive patients were assigned to two groups. Group 1 included nine patients treated by SS pedicle fixation, whereas group 2 included nine patients treated by LS instrumentation. SS instrumentation was pedicle fixation one level above and below the fractured vertebra. LS instrumentation was hook fixation (claw hooks attached to second upper vertebra and infralaminar hooks attached to first upper vertebra) above and pedicle fixation (pedicle screws attached to first and second lower vertebrae) below the fractured vertebra. RESULTS: As a result, measurements of local kyphosis, sagittal index, and anterior vertebral height compression showed that the LS group had a better outcome at final follow-up (P < 0.05). Also, the SS group had a 55% failure rate, whereas the LS group had prolonged operative time and increased blood loss. However, there was no difference between the two groups according to Low Back Outcome Score. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, radiographic parameters demonstrated that LS instrumentation is a more effective management of thoracolumbar burst fractures. Nevertheless, clinical outcome was the same between the two groups. However, our conclusions were based on posterior-only surgery. Anterior column support would negate the need for LS fixation. Also, SS would have been more successful if two above and two below pedicle screws were used.     

Pedicle screw fixation against burst fracture of thoracolumbar vertebrae

Objective： To analyze the application of vertebral pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of burst fracture of thoracolumbar vertebrae. Methods： A total of 48 cases （31 males and 17 females, aged from 18-72 years, mean： 41.3 years ） with thoracolumbar vertebrae burst fracture were treated by pedicle screw system since January 2004. According to the AO classification of thoracolumbar vertebrae fracture, there are 36 cases of Type A, 9 of Type B and 3 of Type C. Results： All patients were followed up for 6-25 months （average 12 months ）, no secondary nerve root injury, spinal cord injury, loosening or breakage of pedicle screw were observed. The nerve function of 29 patients with cauda eqnina nerve injury was restored to different degrees. The vertebral body height returned to normal level and posterior process angle was rectified after operation. Conclusions： The vertebral pedicle screw internal fixation was technologically applicable, which can efficiently reposition and stablize the bursting fractured vertabrae, indirectly decompress canalis spinalis, maintain spine stablity, scatter stress of screw system, reduce the risk of loosening or breakage of screw and loss of vertebral height, and prevent the formation of posterior convex after operation.     

伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的回顾性分析探讨后路伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析我科2006-03-2010-03后路手术治疗的82例胸腰椎骨折临床资料,分为2组,其中A组(40例)伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎骨折,B组(42例)跨伤椎用椎弓根螺钉内固定。比较A组和B组后凸Cobb角矫正率、术后椎管面积改善率、远期丢失率、内固定失效率。结果 A组在术后矫正率、术后椎管面积改善率、远期丢失率、内固定失效率方面优于B组(P<0.05),差异具有统计学意义。结论胸腰椎骨折应用伤椎置钉可以增加内固定系统的牢固性,并利于矫正后凸畸形和维持矫正效果。     

短节段椎弓根螺钉固定结合椎体增强术治疗胸椎爆裂性骨折

目的 分析临床行短节段椎弓根螺钉固定基础上联合椎体增强术来治疗胸椎爆裂性骨折的效果.方法 收治的40例确诊为胸椎爆裂性骨折的患者C臂机作为研究对象,采用在行短节段椎弓根螺钉固定基础上联合椎体增强术来治疗胸椎爆裂性骨折,回顾分析伤椎的痊愈情况.结果 经过术后的随访3年时间的随访发现,无1例内固定失败.40例患者C臂机完全恢复,无加重神经功能损害现象.自固化硫酸钙在术后4个月得以吸收,0.5年后椎体骨折术愈合.伤椎的前缘高度和术前比较,已经由(54.50±10.89)%恢复到(86.57±7.67)%,最后维持于(93.46±8.59)%;患者的矢状面Cobb角已经由术前的(33.56±8.85)°恢复到术后的(7.97±6.38)°,最后维持于(10.76±6.98)°.Oswestry功能障碍的指数达23.6.结论 临床行短节段椎弓根螺钉固定基础上联合椎体增强术来治疗胸椎爆裂性骨折,安全简便,可有效预防椎体高度发生丢失以及近战型后凸畸形,临床效果显著,值得进一步推广使用     

经伤椎单侧置钉短节段非融合内固定术治疗轻度胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的探讨经伤椎单侧置钉短节段非融合内固定术治疗轻度胸腰椎爆裂骨折的手术效果。方法回顾性分析自2010—05—2012—05收治的33例胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床资料,包括A组14例行经伤椎单侧椎弓根钉5钉固定术．B组19例行经伤椎椎弓根钉6钉固定术。结果33例获随访3～24个月。平均12．8个月。比较各组内骨折椎前缘高度、矢状面Cobb角、CT椎管占位、腰背部疼痛评分,术前、术后差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组手术时间、出血量、内固定失败率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论经伤椎椎弓根单侧非融合内固定术是治疗轻度胸腰椎爆裂骨折的有效手段之一。     

经伤椎椎弓根钉固定治疗重度胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的临床疗效研究

目的分析探讨经骨折椎椎弓根固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析本院2004年2月～2008年4月收治的48例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者的临床资料。分为2组,A组27例单纯行跨骨折椎的4钉固定术,B组21例行经骨折椎椎弓根6钉固定术。随访6-56个月,平均16．6个月。依据患者骨折椎前缘高度、矢状面Cobb角、神经功能恢复、内固定失败率（断钉、断棒及退钉等）及腰背痛进行评价。结果所有患者均得到随访,无神经功能障碍症状加重患者。2组骨折椎前缘高度、矢状面Cobb角术前、术后差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但2组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。2组的神经功能评定比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而随访中腰背疼痛及内固定失败率在经伤椎椎弓根固定组均较低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论经伤椎椎弓根钉固定是治疗重度胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的有效手段。     

经伤椎椎弓根植骨短节段内固定治疗中老年胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的 分析经伤椎椎弓根植骨结合后路短节段椎弓根内固定治疗中老年胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床疗效.方法 2009年3月至2011年1月,采用后路椎弓根内固定系统撑开复位结合经伤椎椎弓根植骨治疗中老年胸腰椎爆裂性骨折45例.男18 例,女27 例;年龄49.0～ 68.0岁,平均55.3岁.Denis分型均为爆裂性骨折,据Frankel分级：D级6例;E级39例.均为单节段椎体骨折,椎体骨折部位：T11 6例,T12 18例,L1 17例,L2 4例.伤后距手术时间0.5-6.0 d,平均2.8 d.结果 术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合.43例获随访,随访时间18.0-36.0个月,平均23.4个月.Frankel分级D级6例患者恢复至E级,37例E级患者无变化,与手术前比较所有患者术后1周,末次随访时椎体高度得到良好恢复,Cobb＇s角,伤椎前后缘相对高度也得到明显改善,随访期内未出现内固定并发症.结论 应用后路椎弓根系统内固定结合经伤椎椎弓根植骨术是治疗中老年胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的有效方法 之一.