血清PSA、PSAD和PSAT在前列腺穿刺活检中的意义

目的探讨血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)和前列腺移行带特异性抗原密度(PSAT)在前列腺穿刺活检中的意义。方法对192例患者行前列腺穿刺活检,其中PSA≥4ng/ml者184例,PSA<4ng/ml且直肠指诊及经直肠B超有阳性发现者8例。对PSA、PSAD和PSAT与前列腺穿刺活检的关系进行分析。结果192例患者中经前列腺穿刺诊断为前列腺癌(PCa)100例,活检阳性率52.1%,其中8例PSA<4ng/ml者中,活检结果为前列腺横纹肌肉瘤1例,良性前列腺增生7例;93例PSA>20ng/ml者中80例为PCa,活检阳性率86.0%;91例PSA4~20ng/ml者中19例为PCa,活检阳性率20.9%。血清PSA4~20ng/ml患者,PSAD>0.10或PSAT>0.10时,敏感性均为100%,特异性为11.1%或4.2%,阳性预测值为22.9%或21.6%,可避免8.8%(8/91)或3.3%(3/91)阴性穿刺结果。血清PSA4~20ng/ml时,前列腺穿刺阳性组和阴性组PSA分别为(13.2±4.7)和(11.4±4.6)ng/ml(P>0.05);PSAD分别为0.36±0.18和0.19±0.09(P=0.001);PSAT分别为0.67±0.36和0.32±0.18(P=0.000)。血清PSA、PSAD和PSAT的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.613、0.810和0.833,PSAD和PSAT的ROC曲线下面积与PSA比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PSA>20ng/ml时应做前列腺穿刺活检;PSA4~20ng/ml时,PSAD和PSAT对预测患者是否行前列腺穿刺活检有较大帮助。     

8点及12点前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌的价值比较研究

目的比较8点及12点前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌的价值,分析前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)及前列腺体积(PV)对前列腺癌检出率(PCDR)的影响。方法回顾性分析260例因PSA异常增高而接受首次直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检的患者相关资料,其中132例患者接受8点穿刺,128例患者接受12点穿刺。结果依据PSA、PV、PSA与PV及PSAD,患者被进一步分组。8点及12点的总的PCDR没有显著的差异,在PV≥45mL、PSA≥10ng/mL且PV≥45mL及0.15ng/(mL·cm3)≤PSAD≤0.25ng/(mL·cm3)组中,12点的PCDR明显高于8点。结论 8点及12点前列腺穿刺总的PCDR没有显著区别(P0.05),但在PV较大同时PSA较高或者PSAD处于中等大小时(0.15~0.25)ng/(mL·cm3),12点的PCDR明显高于8点(P均0.05)。     

PSA、PSAD和PSAT在前列腺穿刺活检中的价值

目的 研究血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)及其密度(PSAD)和移行带密度(PSAT)在前列腺穿刺活检中的价值.方法 选取本院2014年5月至2015年5月收治的150例患者进行前列腺穿刺活检,分析并比较PSA、PSAD、PSAT在前列腺穿刺活检中的差异及其在确诊疾病方面的价值.结果 在前列腺穿刺活检的150例中发现PSA＜4 ng/mL有8例,4 ng/mL≤PSA≤20 ng/mL有66例,PSA ＞20 ng/mL有76例.其中在PSA＜4 ng/mL的8例中,活检结果良性前列腺增生6例,前列腺小细胞癌1例,前列腺横纹肌肉瘤1例.在4 ng/mL≤PSA≤20 ng/mL的66例中,活检结果诊断为前列腺癌增生患者54例,活检阳性率为81.8％,PSA平均值为(13.98±1.51) ng/mL,PSAD平均值为(0.32±0.18);PSAT平均值为(0.35±0.18);活检前列腺癌12例,活检阳性率为19.2％,PSA平均值为(14.29±1.48) ng/mL,PSAD平均值为(0.42±0.15),PSAT平均值为(0.82±0.15);将其分为良性前列腺增生组和前列腺癌组,两组差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).当PSAD ＞0.13或PSAT＞ 0.15时,前列腺癌的敏感性分别为92.86％和96.94％.在PSA＞ 20 ng/mL的76例中,前列腺癌有68例,活检阳性率89.47％.结论 在4 ng/mL≤PSA≤20 ng/mL时,PSAD和PSAT对前列腺增生和前列腺癌的鉴别诊断具有重要意义,其中又以PSAT更为准确;PSA＞ 20ng/mL时,应高度怀疑前列腺癌,及时确诊治疗.     

ALP、PSA及其相关指标与前列腺癌骨转移的关系

目的 探讨ALP、PSA及其相关指标(fPSA、fPSA/tPSA、PSAD)与前列腺癌骨转移的关系,及对前列腺癌骨转移诊断的预测作用.方法 回顾分析2005年9月至2009年2月在我院经前列腺穿刺活检或手术后病理检查确诊的167例前列腺癌患者.以ECT、X线片、CT/MRI或骨活检诊断骨转移,分析ALP、PSA、fPSA、fPSA/tPSA、PSAD与前列腺癌骨转移的关系及对骨转移的诊断价值.结果 167例前列腺癌患者中骨转移104例(62.3%),非骨转移63例(37.7%).骨转移组ALP、PSA及PSAD明显高于非骨转移组(均P<0.01),而两组间fPSA/tPSA差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).PSA>50 ng/ml组骨转移率明显高于PSA>20～50 ng/ml组、>10～20 ng/ml组和≤10 ng/ml组(均P<0.05);ALP>90 U/L组骨转移率明显高于ALP≤90 U/L组(P<0.05);PSAD>0.4 ng·ml-1·cm-3组骨转移率明显高于PSAD≤0.4 ng·ml-1·cm-3组(P<0.05).以ALP>90 U/L、PSA>50 ng/ml和PSAD>0.4 ng·ml-1·cm-3为界分别分析ALP、PSA、PSAD、PSA+ALP、PSA+PSAD和PSA+PSAD+ALP对前列腺癌骨转移诊断的预测价值,发现指标联合应用后阳性预测值及阴性预测值较单一指标好,PSA+PSAD+ALP联合应用的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值最佳,分别为100%、79.17%、91.38%及100%.结论 ALP、PSA及PSAD均为判断前列腺癌患者有无骨转移的可靠指标,PSA+PSAD+ALP联合应用有助于预测前列腺癌骨转移,当患者PSA<50 ng/ml、PSAD<0.4 ng·ml-1·cm-3及ALP<90 U/L时,几乎可排除骨转移.     

磁共振波谱成像联合血清PSA在前列腺癌诊断中的价值

目的初步探讨磁共振波谱成像(MRS)与血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)在前列腺癌诊断中的应用。方法选取血清PSA异常40例男性患者行前列腺MRS并与病理结果对照。再分析MRS联合不同水平PSA(低危组4ng/mlPSA10ng/ml,高危组PSA≥10ng/ml)穿刺活检的阳性率。结果病理证实前列腺癌19例、非前列腺癌21例(良性前列腺增生,20例,前列腺炎症1例)。单独MRS前列腺穿刺活检阳性率为60%,低危组前列腺活检阳性率为31.25%,高危组前列腺活检阳性率为58.3%,MRS联合PSA低危组前列腺活检阳性率为42.8%,MRS同时联合PSA高危组活检阳性率为66.7%,各组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 MRS诊断前列腺癌具有无创和简便优点,其联合PSA有助于提高诊断的准确性。     

福州市PSA异常的老年男性前列腺疾病跟踪调查与分析

目的 了解老年男性前列腺疾病的发病情况探讨前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)在前列腺癌诊断中的价值.方法 对1234名老年男性进行前列腺指检(DRE)和PSA测定,然后对其中PSA＞4.0ng/mL者进行了随访复查,检查项目包括PSA和经亢肠前列腺超声,并建议行前列腺穿刺活检.结果 1234例调查者中,PSA＞4.0ng/ml者146例,其中126例得到随访,并接受了经亢肠超卢引导F"10点法"前列腺穿刺活检,其中101例前列腺增生患者中,PSA为(8.4±14.2)ng/ml,而25例前列腺癌患者中,PSA明显增高,为(29.3±17.5)ng/ml,两组相比筹异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);101例前列腺增生患者中,所测PV值为(32.61±16.19)ml,而25例前列腺癌患者所测PV值为(36.13±12.73)ml,两者相比差异无明显统计学意义(P＞0.05).比较不同PSA浓度与前列腺癌发牛率的关系,PSA＞10ng/ml时其前列腺癌的发生率显著高于4ng/ml＜PSA＜10nglml组.前列腺癌组PSA值显著高于前列腺增生组,两组前列腺体积相比差异无统计学意义.结论 PSA是诊断前列腺癌的重要瘤标,前列腺"10点法"穿刺活检是诊断前列腺癌的有效方法.对PSA＞4.0ng/ml的患者应密切随访复查,并建议行经直肠前列腺穿刺活检.对PSA高于10ng/ml时应高度警惕前列腺癌的发生.     

扩大经直肠B超引导下前列腺穿刺在4ng/mL≤PSA≤10ng/mL临床应用价值

目的 对4ng/mL≤PSA≤10ng/mL的患者进行扩大经直肠B超引导下前列腺穿刺活检,从而评价扩大穿刺对4ng/mL≤PSA≤10ng/mL前列腺癌筛选中的临床应用价值.方法 对4ng/mL≤PSA≤10ng/mL的78例患者随机分成2组,分别采用“10 +X”(40例)和“6+X”(38例)经直肠B超引导下前列腺穿刺活检方案,比较两组的阳性率、并发症发生率等.结果 所有患者均顺利完成穿刺,其中“10 +X”检出率为32.05％(25/78),“6+X”检出率为19.23％ (15/78),“10 +X”增加的PCa检出率为25.00％ (10/40).结论 经直肠扩大前列腺穿刺是一种对4ng/mL≤PSA≤10ng/mL筛查前列腺癌阳性率较高的方法.     

以前列腺特异抗原水平分组筛查与前列腺穿刺阳性率的关系

目的探讨不同血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)水平前列腺癌检出情况以及直肠指诊(DRE)、经直肠超声检查(TRUS)、PSA密度(PSAD)等指标对筛查前列腺穿刺活检病例的意义。方法回顾性分析在1996年4月至2002年12月间行TRUS引导前列腺6点系统穿刺活检的634例患者的诊断资料,对各PSA组(≤4.0,4.1~,10.1~和>20.0μg/L组)中前列腺癌的检出率,以及PSA、DRE、TRUS、PSAD等对前列腺癌的预测作用进行t检验、χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果PSA≤4.0,4.1~,10.1~和>20.0μg/L各组的前列腺癌检出率分别为11.6%(17/146),26.8%(38/142),39.8%(68/171)和68.6%(120/175)。PSA的敏感性最高(93.0%),特异性低(33.0%);DRE、TRUS等诊断效率较低。随血清PSA水平升高,前列腺癌检出率以及DRE、TRUS的阳性预测值逐渐升高;在PSA4.1~20.0μg/L者中,PSAD对前列腺癌有较大的预测价值(OR=687.09±646.96,P=0.000)。以PSAD≥0.13μg.L-1.cm-3为截点筛查前列腺穿刺病例,可在不明显降低敏感性的基础上,减少阴性穿刺。结论各PSA组国人与欧美等国前列腺癌检出率有较大差别;DRE、TRUS的筛查作用与血清PSA水平有关;按PSA水平分组筛查穿刺病例,可提高前列腺穿刺的阳性率。     

联合PSAD及MRI建立PSA4～10ng/ml患者前列腺穿刺活检阳性风险分层

目的:基于临床指标及MRI结果建立PSA 4～10 ng/ml(灰区)患者前列腺穿刺活检阳性风险分层,指导个性化穿刺决策。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月～2017年12月我院212例PSA 4～10 ng/ml的前列腺穿刺活检患者的年龄、PSA、f/t值、前列腺体积、MRI结果等临床资料。定义Gleason评分≥3+4分为有临床意义前列腺癌(csPCa)。筛选前列腺穿刺阳性预测指标并建立前列腺穿刺阳性风险分层方案。结果:212例患者前列腺穿刺活检阳性39例(18.4%),csPCa 14例(6.6%),前列腺穿刺阳性组和阴性组PSA值分别为(6.82±1.68) ng/ml和(6.82±1.73) ng/ml,f/t值分别为0.14±0.06和0.17±0.08,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);年龄分别为(69.85±8.82)岁和(66.65±7.78)岁,前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)分别为(0.18±0.12) ng·ml~(-1)·ml~(-1)和(0.14±0.07) ng·ml~(-1)·ml~(-1),两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。将PSAD依据0.08、0.08～0.15、0.15 ng·ml~(-1)·ml~(-1)分为PSAD分级(PSADD)1～3级,各级阳性率分别为7.7%、12.2%和28.4%,csPCa阳性率分别为0、3.1%和12.5%。PSADD预测前列腺穿刺阳性的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)与PSAD比较差异无统计学意义(0.647 vs.0.641,P=0.785)。212例患者中MRI阳性组117例,其中前列腺癌31例(26.5%),csPCa 12例(10.3%);MRI阴性组95例,其中前列腺癌8例(8.4%),csPCa 2例(2.1%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。联合MRI及PSADD将患者分为低危、中危和高危3组,PSADD 1级且MRI阴性的患者定义为低危组,PSADD 3级且MRI阳性的患者定义为高危组,其余患者定义为中危组。低危、中危和高危组的前列腺穿刺阳性率分别为0、11.7%和39.3%,csPCa阳性率分别为0、2.8%和17.9%。结论:基于PSAD及MRI的前列腺特异性抗原"灰区"患者前列腺穿刺活检阳性风险分层有助于临床制定个性化穿刺决策、减少不必要的前列腺穿刺活检。     

血清PSA密度变化对前列腺癌高危人群的诊断价值

目的:探讨前列腺特异抗原(PSA)、前列腺特异抗原密度(PSAD)变化对前列腺癌高危人群的诊断价值。方法:对初次活检阴性的432例患者进行随访,其中79例重复穿刺活检,确诊前列腺癌27例(34.2%),消化道来源肿瘤1例,BPH25例,前列腺上皮内肿瘤(PIN)13例,慢性前列腺炎13例。对重复活检患者的PSA、PSAD等临床资料进行统计分析。结果:配对t检验显示,良性病变首末次穿刺前PSA、PSAD差异均无统计学意义,而前列腺癌末次穿刺前PSA、PSAD较首次穿刺前升高,差异有统计学意义。以PSA>4ng/ml筛选前列腺癌,其敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值分别为92.5%、17.6%、37.6%,PSA末-PSA首>0筛选前列腺癌的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值分别为85.2%、41.2%、40.4%;而以PSAD末-PSAD首>0筛选前列腺癌的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值分别为81.5%、54.9%、48.9%。结论:在前列腺癌高危人群中应该重复穿刺,以减少漏诊;以PSAD动态升高来指导穿刺,可以明显提高阳性率。     

The association between total prostate specific antigen concentration and prostate specific antigen velocity

PURPOSE: It has been previously demonstrated that a prostate specific antigen velocity greater than 2 ng/ml per year is associated with reduced cancer specific survival following radical prostatectomy or external beam radiation. However, men with different initial prostate specific antigen levels may be more or less likely to reach this prostate specific antigen velocity threshold. Because prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen velocity contain much of the same predictive information, our objective was to further examine the relationship between them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From a large prostate cancer screening study, serial prostate specific antigen measurements were available for 13,276 men, including 1,851 with a negative digital rectal examination who underwent biopsy and 894 who were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Prostate specific antigen velocity was calculated using simple linear regression of the prostate specific antigen values from the year before diagnosis. ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the mean and median prostate specific antigen velocity of men in different total prostate specific antigen ranges. In addition, chi-square analysis was used to compare the number of men in each total prostate specific antigen range who presented with high risk prostate specific antigen velocity greater than 2 ng/ml per year. RESULTS: In the total prostate specific antigen ranges of 2.5 ng/ml or less, 2.6 to 4.0, 4.1 to 10.0 and more than 10.0 ng/ml, the proportion of screened men with a prostate specific antigen velocity of more than 2 ng/ml per year was 1%, 14%, 31% and 74%, respectively (p <0.0001). Mean and median prostate specific antigen velocity were also significantly higher as the total prostate specific antigen level increased. CONCLUSIONS: Prostate specific antigen velocity varies directly with total prostate specific antigen. Men with high initial prostate specific antigen levels are significantly more likely to present with a prostate specific antigen velocity of more than 2 ng/ml per year that is more frequently associated with prostate cancer specific mortality.     

Age adjusted prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen velocity cut points in prostate cancer screening

PURPOSE: We identified age adjusted prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen velocity cut points for prostate cancer biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort of 33,643 men was retrieved from the Duke Prostate Center database. Of this group 11,861 men with 2 or more prostate specific antigen values within 2 years were analyzed for age adjusted prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen velocity performance in cancer risk assessment using a receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: In the 11,861 men prostate cancer prevalence was 273 (8.0%), 659 (14.9%) and 722 (17.9%) in the groups of men 50 to 59 years old, 60 to 69 and 70 years old or older. In prostate cancer groups median prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen velocity in men 50 to 59 vs 70 years old or older were 5.6 vs 8.1 ng/ml and 1.37 vs 1.89 ng/ml per year (<0.0001). In men 50 to 59 years old the sensitivity and specificity were 82.1% and 80.7% at prostate specific antigen 2.5 ng/ml, and 84.3% and 72.4% at prostate specific antigen velocity 0.40 ng/ml per year, higher than those in men 70 years old or older at prostate specific antigen 4.0 ng/ml or prostate specific antigen velocity 0.75 ng/ml per year. Decreasing the prostate specific antigen cut point to 2.0 ng/ml and the prostate specific antigen velocity cut point to 0.40 ng/ml per year in men 50 to 59 years old improved the cancer detection rate but decreased the positive predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: Current biopsy guidelines (prostate specific antigen 4.0 ng/ml or greater, or prostate specific antigen velocity 0.75 ng/ml or greater per year) underestimated cancer risk in men 50 to 59 years old. Prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen velocity cut points should be age adjusted. In men 50 to 59 years old prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen velocity cut points could be decreased to 2.0 ng/ml and 0.40 ng/ml per year, respectively. Factors of age, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and cancer prevalence are critical for obtaining the desired balance between cancer detection and negative biopsy.     

Complexed prostate specific antigen provides significant enhancement of specificity compared with total prostate specific antigen for detecting prostate cancer

PURPOSE: Determining serum total prostate specific antigen (PSA) has proved to be a valuable diagnostic aid for detecting prostatic carcinoma, although the lack of specificity has limited its usefulness. Studies indicate that the use of percent free PSA would improve specificity while maintaining sensitivity. Since complexed PSA represents the major proportion of measurable PSA in serum, we determined whether it represents a single test alternative to the use of percent free PSA for the early detection of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Archival serum was obtained from 385 men with no evidence of malignancy on biopsy and 272 with biopsy confirmed prostate cancer. We determined the concentration and proportion of total, complexed and free PSA. RESULTS: Receiver operating characteristics analysis using total PSA results from all samples (range 0.32 to 117 ng./ml.) indicated that the areas under the curve for complexed PSA alone as well as the free-to-total and complexed-to-total PSA ratios were similar and significantly greater than those for total PSA alone. Within the range of 85% to 95% sensitivity receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed that the specificity of complexed PSA was higher than that of total PSA and equivalent to that of the free-to-total PSA ratio. We noted a similar improvement in specificity in the 4 to 10 ng./ml. total PSA range. Using published cutoff values for complexed, total and percent free PSA when total PSA was in the 4 to 10 ng./ml. range the sensitivity and specificity of complexed and percent free PSA were similar. Within the 4 to 10 ng./ml. total PSA range the population of patients with no evidence of malignancy and complexed PSA below the upper limit was different with respect to total PSA from that with no evidence of malignancy and free PSA greater than 25%. CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of complexed PSA represents an alternative to the use of percent free PSA, although the patient populations identified by the 2 tests are different.     

Comparative analysis of complexed prostate specific antigen, free prostate specific antigen and their ratio in detecting prostate cancer

PURPOSE: We evaluate the diagnostic use of total, free and complexed serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), and their ratios for enhancing the specificity in detecting prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 354 nonconsecutive men undergoing prostate biopsy were eligible for this retrospective and prospective study. Cancer was found in 122 of these 354 men (34%). Receiver operating characteristics curve analyses were used to calculate and compare the performance of total PSA (Hybritech, San Diego California and Bayer, Tarrytown, New York), complexed PSA (Bayer), percent complexed PSA and percent free PSA. In addition, sensitivity and specificity were calculated and compared. RESULTS: The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was highest for percent free PSA, followed by percent complexed PSA, complexed PSA and the 2 total PSA assays (Hybritech and Bayer). The cutoff value of 3.45 ng./ml. for complexed PSA detected the same number of cancers and resulted in 1 additional false-positive case compared with a Hybritech total PSA threshold of 4.0 ng./ml. At sensitivities of 80% to 95%, there were no significant differences for detection comparing the corresponding specificities between Hybritech total PSA and complexed PSA for all 354 men. Complexed PSA alone did not enhance the overall diagnostic accuracy compared with percent free PSA in the Hybritech total PSA range between 4.01 and 6.00 ng./ml., between 6.01 and 10.00 ng./ml., and between 2.50 and 6.00 ng./ml. At sensitivities of 80% to 95% specificity of percent complexed PSA was almost identical to that of percent free PSA except for the Hybritech total PSA range less than or equal to 4.00 ng./ml. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests complexed PSA is equivalent to total PSA for the early detection of prostate cancer. Percent free PSA outperforms complexed PSA and percent complexed PSA performed equivalently to percent free PSA in all total PSA ranges analyzed between 2.5 and 10 ng./ml.     

游离前列腺特异抗原百分比/前列腺特异抗原密度在前列腺癌诊断中的应用

目的探讨游离前列腺特异抗原百分比（FPSA／TPSA值）／前列腺特异抗原密度[（F／T）／PSAD值]在前列腺癌诊断中的意义。方法回顾分析204例行经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检患者的诊断资料,其中前列腺癌90例、良性前列腺增生114例,分析总PSA（TPSA）、FPSA／TPSA值、PSAD、（F／T）／PSAD值等指标在判断前列腺癌的敏感性为90％时的截点及相应的特异性。结果不同血清PSA水平（〈4．0,4．0～,10．1～和〉20．0μg／L）的前列腺癌患者的（F／T）／PSAD值与良性前列腺增生患者比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;前列腺癌患者的（F／T）／PSAD值低于良性前列腺增生患者;（F／T）／PSAD值比FPSA／TPSA值和PSAD更有助于提高诊断特异性,在敏感性为90％左右的前提下,FPSA／TPSA值的特异性为31．6％,PSAD的特异性为45．6％,（F／T）／PSAD值的特异性为64．0％;PSA水平不同,取的（F／T）／PSAD值截点也不同：PSA〈4．0μg/L时截点为2．5,PSA为4．0～20．0μg／L时截点为0．8;PSA〉20．0μg／L时截点为0．5。结论应用（F／T）／PSAD值能够在保持较高敏感性的前提下,显著提高前列腺癌诊断的特异性。     

Ratio of free-to-total prostate specific antigen correlates with tumor volume in patients with increased prostate specific antigen

PURPOSE: We evaluated the relationship between the ratio of free-to-total prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate pathology, including grade, stage and tumor volume, among patients with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively analyzed 54 consecutive patients with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy and in whom frozen serum was available for assessment of free-to-total PSA ratio. Pathological review was done with whole mount sections, and total tumor volume was determined by planimetry. Comparison between free-to-total PSA ratio and pathological parameters was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Among the 54 patients mean total and free-to-total PSA ratio were 5.81 and 14.2 ng./ml., respectively, and free-to-total PSA ratio directly correlated with prostate volume (p = 0.037), and inversely correlated with Gleason score (p = 0.012) and extracapsular disease (p = 0.0074). Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between free-to-total PSA ratio and pathological stage pT2a/b in 39 cases versus pT3a/b in 15 (p = 0.005). Overall, there was no correlation between free-to-total PSA ratio and tumor volume. However, among 37 patients with an increased PSA, defined as greater than 4.0 ng./ml., a significant inverse relationship between free-to-total PSA ratio and tumor volume was identified (p = 0.01). Among this subset there was only a weak correlation with prostate volume (p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that free-to-total PSA ratio may be predictive of tumor biology among those patients with a total PSA of greater than 4 ng./ml. as evidenced by good correlation with tumor grade and volume. This finding appears to be independent of prostate volume. These preliminary results suggest the need for additional studies among patients with an increased PSA designed to evaluate the potential role of free-to-total PSA ratio in combination with traditional clinical variables in the prediction of prostate cancer pathology.