Condition-specific sociodental impacts attributed to different anterior occlusal traits in Brazilian adolescents

The aim of this study was to assess the association between different anterior occlusal traits and the presence of condition-specific sociodental impacts on the quality of life attributed to malocclusion. For that, 1,318 15-16-yr-old adolescents were randomly selected from children attending all secondary schools in Bauru, Brazil. Participants were first interviewed and then dentally examined. Condition-specific impacts (CSI) attributed to malocclusion were calculated using the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP index). Nine anterior occlusal traits were evaluated: maxillary and mandibular overjet; openbite and overbite; centreline deviation; dental crowding and spacing; and maxillary and mandibular irregularity. Statistical associations were tested using binary logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of CSI attributed to malocclusions was 21.2%. Of the nine occlusal traits evaluated, maxillary and mandibular overjet, centreline deviation, dental spacing, openbite, and maxillary irregularity were, in that order, directly associated with the presence of CSI attributed to malocclusion. No interaction term was identified. This study, designed to overcome the limitations found in the existing literature, supports the idea that malocclusion can affect social interaction and psychosocial wellbeing. Different anterior occlusal traits affected the quality of life differently.     

Aesthetic impact of malocclusion in the daily living of Brazilian adolescents

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the biopsychosocial impact of malocclusion on the daily living of Brazilian adolescents (14 to 18 years of age) through normative and subjective records and identify factors directly involved in the self-perception of malocclusions.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Public and private schools in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Subjects and methods: The sample was made up of 403 adolescents, with no prior history of orthodontic treatment, who were selected randomly from a population of 182,291 students in the same age range. The oral impact of malocclusion was assessed using the Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP), whereas clinical criteria were assessed using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Self-perception of dental aesthetics was assessed using the Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS) and self-esteem was assessed using the Global Negative Self-Evaluation (GSE) scale. Other variables were assessed using questionnaires. The chi-square test, simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were used for the statistical analysis.

Results: Ninety five adolescents (24%) reported feeling embarrassed to smile (aesthetic impact). A logistic regression suggested that the following variables were directly involved in the self-perception of malocclusion: upper anterior crowding ?2 mm (P=0.009), median diastema ?2 mm (P=0.040), normative treatment need (highly desirable) (P<0.001) and low economic level (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Negative repercussions on daily living were found in Brazilian adolescents with malocclusions affecting anterior dental aesthetics.     

Unmet orthodontic treatment need in rural Nigerian adolescents

Abstract A survey of orthodontic treatment need was carried out among randomly selected rural Nigerian adolescents using the index of orthodontic treatment need. Altogether, 704 subjects (381 boys and 323 girls) aged 12–18 years (mean 14.8, SD 1.79) were recruited in the study. The results indicated that 12.6% of the population were in objective need of orthodontic treatment. Whilst there was a discrepancy in the proportions of Nigerian adolescents needing orthodontic treatment on aesthetic and dental health grounds, girls were found to have a more attractive dental appearance and less orthodontic treatment need than boys. However, the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The correlation between the orthodontist's and the subject's rating of dental appearance was found to be low (r=0.35). The study also provided reliable baseline data for planning orthodontic services in Nigeria especially in areas where there are no dental services.     

Impacts on daily performances attributed to malocclusions using the condition-specific feature of the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances Index

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence, intensity, and extent of sociodental impacts attributed to malocclusions by sex, socioeconomic status, and normative orthodontic treatment need level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One thousand sixty 15- to 16-year-old adolescents without history of previous or current orthodontic treatment were randomly selected from all secondary schools in Bauru, Brazil. Interviews were done to collect information about sociodemographic variables and sociodental impacts on quality of life attributed to malocclusions using the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances Index. Adolescents were also clinically examined using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. Statistical comparison by covariables was performed using chi(2) and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS: The prevalence of condition-specific impacts (CSIs) was 24.6%. Among adolescents with CSIs, 52.1% reported severe or very severe intensity and 77.4% reported impacts on only one daily performance, commonly, smiling. The prevalence, intensity, and extent of CSIs differed by level of normative orthodontic treatment need but not by sex or socioeconomic status. However, among adolescents with definite normative orthodontic treatment need, 24.5% reported CSIs of severe or very severe intensity, whereas among those with moderate or slight/no need, 13.0% and 7.9%, respectively, experienced CSIs of severe or very severe intensity. CONCLUSIONS: Untreated malocclusions have physical, psychological, and social consequences on quality of life of Brazilian adolescents. However, because adolescents with a definite normative orthodontic need are considered by orthodontists as in need of care, these results raise the issue of whether all these adolescents should be considered for orthodontic attention since most had no perceived impacts on performing their daily life activities.     

Comparison of the Generic and Condition-Specific Forms of the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) Index

Objective: This study aimed to compare generic and condition-specific forms of the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) in terms of their ability to discriminate between adolescents with and without normative need for orthodontic treatment. Methods: A total of 1,060 15- to 16-year-old adolescents without history of previous or current orthodontic treatment were randomly selected from all secondary schools in Bauru, Brazil. Adolescents were clinically examined by using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Normative need for orthodontic treatment was defined by using three different suggested cutoff values on DAI score; 28, 31, and 36 points. Two different estimates (overall score and prevalence of oral impacts) were calculated by using the generic and the condition-specific OIDP (CS-OIDP) attributed to malocclusion. Discriminative ability was assessed, comparing both estimates between groups. Effect size and adjusted odds ratios were used to interpret the magnitude and meaning of differences. Results: The overall score and prevalence of oral impacts on quality of life in the last 6 months were significantly lower for the CS-OIDP attributed to malocclusion than for the generic OIDP ( P   <  0.001 in both cases). However, effect sizes and adjusted odds ratios were always larger for the CS-OIDP attributed to malocclusion than for the generic OIDP. Conclusions: Although generic and condition-specific OIDP forms were able to discriminate adolescents with normative need for orthodontic treatment from those without such a need, CS-OIDP attributed to malocclusion had better ability to distinguish between groups. Further studies are needed to compare discriminative ability of both OIDP forms between groups with different levels of other oral conditions .     

Objective,Subjective, and Self‐Assessment of Preadolescent Orthodontic Treatment Need – A Function of Age,Gender, and Ethnic/Racial Background?

Children from socioeconomically disadvantaged and/or underrepresented minority backgrounds in the United States have limited or no access to orthodontic treatment. Objectives: To determine whether preadolescents' (a) objectively assessed orthodontic treatment need; (b) subjectively assessed orthodontic treatment need; and (c) self-perceptions of the psychologic aspects of their oral health-related quality of life and desire to have braces vary as a function of age, gender, ethnicity/race, and socioeconomic status (SES). Methods: Data were collected from 1,566 preadolescents (age range: 8 to 11 years; 47.3 percent male/52.7 percent female; 55.7 percent African-American/39.7 percent White/2.9 percent Hispanic) in oral exams and in face to face interviews. Malocclusion was determined with the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. Results: Children (17.2 percent) had definite treatment need, 33.7 percent were borderline, and 49.1 percent had little or no need. Objectively and subjectively assessed treatment need was not affected by the children's age or gender. However, girls were more critical of their smiles and wanted braces more than boys. The older the children were, the more critical they were and the more they wanted braces. African-American children and children in schools with higher percentages of children on free school lunches had less treatment need than White children and children in schools with lower percentages of students with free school lunches. While the provider-assessed treatment need was higher for White children than for Black children, Black children were less happy with their smiles than White children, and wanted braces more than White children. SES did not affect the children's self-perceptions. Conclusions: Findings showed that substantial percentages of the preadolescents have an orthodontic treatment need. Orthodontic need and child self-perceptions varied as a function of the children's age, gender, ethnicity/race, and SES.     

The relationship between normative orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life

OBJECTIVES: The first objective was to assess whether having had orthodontic treatment affected the levels of oral health-related quality of life impacts in Brazilian adolescents. A second objective was to assess the relationship between a normative clinical measure of orthodontic treatment need and two measures of oral health-related quality of life. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bauru, SP, Brazil, on 1675 randomly selected adolescents aged between 15 and 16 years. Adolescents were clinically examined using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Two oral health-related quality of life measures, namely the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) and the shortened version of the Oral Health Impacts Profile (OHIP-14) were used to assess the adolescents' oral health-related impacts. Multiple logistic regression was used in the data analysis. RESULTS: Adolescents who had completed orthodontic treatment reported less oral health impacts on their daily life activities than those currently under treatment or those who never had any treatment. Combining the IOTN index with either of the two oral health-related quality of life measures used in this study provided more information about the adolescents' perceived satisfaction with their appearance than the IOTN on its own. CONCLUSION: Current methods of assessing orthodontic need should be complemented by oral health-related quality of life measures with valid psychometric properties, and measures of perceived need.     

Normative and self-perceived orthodontic treatment need in Nigerian school children

Abstract

Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the normative and self-perceived need for orthodontic treatment in Nigerian children, and to evaluate distribution of orthodontic treatment need according to gender and age. Materials and methods. The sample consisted of 441 randomly selected school children, aged 11–18 years in Benin City, Nigeria. The subjects were further sub-grouped according to gender (229 males and 212 females) and age (246 11–13 years old and 195 14–18 years old). The Dental health Component (DHC) and Aesthetic Component (AC) of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) were used to assess orthodontic treatment need normatively. Self-perceived need was evaluated by asking the subjects to rate their dental aesthetics on the Aesthetic Component scale of IOTN. Chi-square tests were used to evaluate gender and age differences in distribution of treatment need. Results. A definite need for orthodontic treatment was found among 21.5% (grades 4–5 of DHC) and 6.3% (grades 8–10 of AC) of the subjects; 3.9% of the subjects perceived a definite need for orthodontic treatment (grades 8–10 of AC). There were no statistically significant gender and age differences in distribution of orthodontic treatment need among the subjects (p > 0.05). Conclusion. The study revealed a need for orthodontic treatment in slightly more than one fifth (21.5%) of this sample of Nigerian children. The sample population has a lower need on aesthetic grounds and their normative and self-perceived orthodontic treatment needs were not influenced by gender and age.     

Orthodontic treatment and its impact on oral health-related quality of life in Brazilian adolescents

Abstract

Objective: To assess whether Brazilian adolescents who had completed orthodontic treatment had lower levels of impacts on their oral health-related quality of life.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Setting: The study was conducted in public and private secondary schools in Bauru-SP, Brazil.

Participants: 1675 randomly selected adolescents aged between 15 and 16 years.

Methods: Adolescents were clinically examined using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Two oral health-related quality of life measures, namely the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) and the shortened version of the Oral Health Impacts Profile (OHIP-14) were used to assess adolescents’ oral health-related impacts. Multiple logistic regression was used in the data analysis.

Results: A response rate of 100% was obtained. Adolescents who had completed orthodontic treatment had fewer oral health-related impacts compared to the other two groups. They were 1.85 times (95% CI 1.30 to 2.62) less likely to have an oral health impact on their daily life activities than adolescents currently under treatment or 1.43 (1.01 to 2.02) times than those who never had treatment.

Conclusions: Adolescents who had completed orthodontic treatment had a better oral health-related quality of life than those currently under treatment or those who never had treatment.     

大学生错畸形与口腔健康相关生存质量的相关性

目的调查错畸形与大学生口腔健康相关生存质量(OHRQoL)的相关性。方法从秦皇岛地区4所高校随机抽取610名无正畸史、缺失牙和颌面部畸形的大学生为研究对象。选用正畸治疗需要指数(IOTN)行牙颌检查,以口腔健康相关生存质量影响程度量表(OHRQoL-UK)对样本进行评估。结果 8.7%受试者自诉在过去1个月中,16个条目中至少有一项受到错畸形的负面影响。在生理、心理和社会三分项中,心理方面的分值最低。OHRQoL-UK表在总分值及三分项上与牙齿健康分值(IOTN-DHC)和牙齿美学分值(IOTN-AC)均呈负相关。结论错畸形客观检查的IOTN牙齿健康部分(IOTN-DHC)和主观自评的IOTN牙齿美学部分(IOTN-AC)均与OHRQoL呈负相关关系。IOTN-DHC与生理方面相关性最大,而IOTN-AC与心理方面相关性最大且无性别差异。     

Subjective and objective orthodontic treatment need among orthodontically treated and untreated Finnish adolescents

Abstract Subjective orthodontic treatment need was studied in a sample of 340 Finnish adolescents with and without previous orthodontic treatment. The subjects, who were attending two schools preparing students for college, first filled in a questionnaire. Of the 340 subjects, 24.4% of the treated and 24.0% of the untreated expressed subjective orthodontic treatment need (NS). For the clinical examination, 110 subjects were systematically sampled from four groups; subjects who had received orthodontic treatment in the past and a) felt, b) did not feel subjective orthodontic treatment need and subjects who had not received orthodontic treatment in the past and c) felt, d) did not feel subjective orthodontic treatment need. A total of 106 subjects were examined by an orthodontist. Objective treatment need was assessed by using the Treatment Priority Index. Of those clinically examined, 29.4% of the treated subjects were still found to be in objective need of orthodontic treatment; among the untreated subjects, the corresponding figure was 54.5% (P < 0.05). The sensitivity of the orthodontist to detect treatment need felt by the adolescents was, among the treated, 40.0% and the specificity 75.0%. Among the untreated subjects the corresponding figures were 75.9% and 69.2%. Of those treated who had objective treatment need, 40.0% expressed the need themselves (NS). However, of the untreated who had objective treatment need, 73.3% expressed such a need (P < 0.001). Subjects judged to have a very attractive denial appearance (IOTN, Aesthetic Component) were more often detected among those treated than among the untreated. As a clear discrepancy can be observed between objective and subjective treatment need estimates, in orthodontic counseling an understanding of how the patient perceives his/her dentition is essential.     

错(牙合)畸形对城市和农村儿童日常生活质量影响的研究

目的 研究错(牙合)畸形对城市和农村儿童日常生活质量的影响.方法 选取1127名11~14周岁城市和农村儿童为研究对象,用安氏(Angle)法进行错(牙合)分类,采用儿童日常生活口腔影响量表(Child-OIDP)中文版评估儿童日常生活受错(牙合)畸形的影响.结果 错(牙合)畸形对儿童日常生活影响的发生率为73.5%;不同畸形类别的Child-OIDP得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);农村儿童在饮食、说话和发音、牙齿清洁、情绪方面的得分以及总得分大于城市儿童(P<0.05);日常生活不同方面得分存在差异(P<0.05).结论 错(牙合)畸形对儿童日常生活质量的影响普遍存在,其中对牙齿清洁、饮食和笑容方面的影响相对较严重.农村儿童受影响程度较城市儿童大.     

江西省5387名12～14岁青少年错畸形流行病学调查分析

目的 通过流行病学调查了解江西省12~14岁青少年错畸形的患病状况和矫治情况。方法 采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样方法,根据安氏错颌 畸形分类标准,由3名专业的口腔医师对江西省5个城市30个抽样点的5 387名12~14岁青少年进行口腔检查并记录错情况,结果用SPSS19.0软件进行统计分析。结果 江西省12~14岁青少年错畸形的患病率为79.67%,安氏Ⅰ类、安氏Ⅱ类1分类、安氏Ⅱ类2分类和安氏Ⅲ类错畸形患病率分别为30.96%、16.36%、12.78%和19.13%,安氏Ⅰ类错所占比例最高;最常见的临床表现为牙列拥挤,患病率为91.30%。男性错畸形患病率为81.16%,女性为78.21%,男性高于女性（P<0.05）;南昌、宜春、九江、上饶和赣州5个地区的患病率有差异（P<0.05）,南昌市青少年错畸形的患病率最高,赣州市最低。错畸形与龋病相关,患龋者错畸形患病率高于无龋者（P<0.05）。江西省错畸形矫治率为2.63%,女性矫治率高于男性,城镇青少年矫治率高于乡村（P<0.05）。结论 与国内外其他地区的研究相比,江西省青少年错畸形患病率偏高,矫治率偏低,应坚持防治结合,加强口腔健康教育,普及错畸形知识,积极治疗龋病,对促进青少年的身心健康具有重要意义。     

江西省5 387名12~14岁青少年错畸形流行病学调查分析

目的 通过流行病学调查了解江西省12~14岁青少年错畸形的患病状况和矫治情况。方法 采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样方法,根据安氏错颌 畸形分类标准,由3名专业的口腔医师对江西省5个城市30个抽样点的5 387名12~14岁青少年进行口腔检查并记录错情况,结果用SPSS19.0软件进行统计分析。结果 江西省12~14岁青少年错畸形的患病率为79.67%,安氏Ⅰ类、安氏Ⅱ类1分类、安氏Ⅱ类2分类和安氏Ⅲ类错畸形患病率分别为30.96%、16.36%、12.78%和19.13%,安氏Ⅰ类错所占比例最高;最常见的临床表现为牙列拥挤,患病率为91.30%。男性错畸形患病率为81.16%,女性为78.21%,男性高于女性（P<0.05）;南昌、宜春、九江、上饶和赣州5个地区的患病率有差异（P<0.05）,南昌市青少年错畸形的患病率最高,赣州市最低。错畸形与龋病相关,患龋者错畸形患病率高于无龋者（P<0.05）。江西省错畸形矫治率为2.63%,女性矫治率高于男性,城镇青少年矫治率高于乡村（P<0.05）。结论 与国内外其他地区的研究相比,江西省青少年错畸形患病率偏高,矫治率偏低,应坚持防治结合,加强口腔健康教育,普及错畸形知识,积极治疗龋病,对促进青少年的身心健康具有重要意义。     

Attitudes to malocclusion among 18- and 35-year-old Norwegians

Abstract Knowledge about age-related changes in attitudes to dental appearance and orthodontic treatment may guide the orthodontist in educating and providing advice to potential patients and their parents. The purpose of the present study was to compare attitudes to malocclusion in groups of young and middle-aged adults from populations having been exposed to similar provision of care. The material comprised samples of orthodontically untreated 18-yr-olds (n=50) and 35-yr-olds (n=73) from Oslo, Norway. From a clinical examination, radiographs, and measurements on dental study casts, the subjects were classified according to the Need for Orthodontic Treatment Index (NOTI) used by the Norwegian Health Insurance System. Satisfaction with dental appearance and desire for orthodontic treatment were investigated using questionnaires. The 35-yr-olds exhibited significantly more malocclusion compared to the 18-yr-olds (P<0.01). Among subjects classified to have obvious need for orthodontic treatment, 54% and 21% expressed dissatisfaction at ages 18 yr and 35 yr, respectively, indicating a lower level of concern for malocclusion in the older age group.     

Intensity and extent of oral impacts on daily performances by type of self-perceived oral problems

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, intensity, and extent of the impacts caused by oral problems, and to compare their intensity and extent by the type of oral problem. Four of seven public schools linked to a Health Center in Lima, Peru, were randomly selected as clusters, and 805 11-12-yr-old children participated in the study (response rate: 89.1%). The Spanish (Peru) child version of the Oral Impact of Daily Performances (Child-OIDP) was used to assess oral impacts. The prevalence of oral impacts was 82.0%. Eating was the daily performance most frequently impacted (48.0%). Among children with impacts, 24.8% reported impacts of severe to very severe intensity, and 73.2% reported impacts affecting between one and three daily performances. When the intensity and extent of the eight most frequently reported oral problems were compared, a statistically significant difference was found only for the extent but not for the intensity of the impacts. Oral impacts on daily performances were very common and relatively severe among the participating Peruvian children. The pattern of the impacts differed according to the type of self-perceived oral problem. However, the differences were reflected in the extent, but not in the intensity, of the impacts.     

壮族青年牙外观满意度及正畸治疗需要指数的调查研究

目的：通过对广西壮族青年行问卷调查确定牙外观满意度、测量牙科美学指数（DAI）确定正畸治疗需要量,从而为口腔卫生资源的合理配置提供参考依据。方法：随机抽取77名壮族青年行牙外观满意度问卷调查,制取石膏模型并测量DAI。结果：广西壮族青年具有较高的牙外观满意度（男性80．8％,女性70．6％）,较大的正畸治疗需要量（男性76．9％,女性84．3％）。错骀畸形的主观评价均不高于50％。壮族女青年（96．1％）较男青年（73．1％）更介意牙齿被染色。部分壮族青年更愿意通过牙齿美白提高牙外观（男性50．0％,女性74．5％）。结论：广西地区部分壮族青年未能客观地认识自身牙外观、对改善牙外观的治疗方式了解不足、正畸治疗需要量较大,应增大对该群体的口腔卫生资源调配及错胎畸形的防治力度。     

Impacts on daily performances related to wearing orthodontic appliances

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence, intensity, and extent of the impacts on daily performances related to wearing different types of orthodontic appliances. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1657 students, 15 to 16 years old, were randomly selected from those attending all secondary schools in Bauru, S?o Paulo, Brazil. Only those wearing orthodontic appliances at the time of the survey were included. Face-to-face structured interviews were done to collect information about impacts on quality of life related to wearing orthodontic appliances, using the Oral Impact on Daily Performances (OIDP). Adolescents were also clinically examined to assess the type of orthodontic appliance they were wearing. Comparisons, by type of orthodontic appliance and covariables, were performed using nonparametric statistical tests. RESULTS: Three hundred fifty-seven adolescents (36.1% boys and 63.9% girls) undergoing orthodontic treatment participated in the study. The prevalence of condition-specific impacts related to wearing orthodontic appliances was 22.7%. Among adolescents with impacts related to wearing orthodontic appliances, 35.8% reported impacts of severe or very severe intensity and 90.1% reported impacts on only one daily performance, commonly eating or speaking. The prevalence, but not the intensity or the extent, of condition-specific impacts differed by type of orthodontic appliance (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: One in four Brazilian adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment reported side effects, specific impacts on daily living, related to wearing orthodontic appliances. Such impacts were higher among adolescents wearing fixed rather than removable or a combination of fixed and removable orthodontic appliances. This information could help to inform patients about the frequency and intensity of sociodental impacts during the course of their treatment.