旁路转流术治疗下肢动脉闭塞症56例临床分析

目的：总结56例下肢动脉闭塞症行旁路转流术的治疗经验。方法：回顾性分析1995年-2007年动脉旁路转流术治疗下肢动脉闭塞症56例,其中腹主动脉双侧髂股动脉人工血管旁路9例,有3例合并实施腰交感神经切断术;腹主动脉（髂）-股动脉单侧转流术7例;股动脉-月国动脉转流术21例;股动脉-股动脉转流术3例;月国动脉-胫后动脉转流术4例;腋动脉-股动脉转流术3例;股深动脉成形并股深动脉-月国动脉转流术2例;股总动脉-月国动脉-胫后动脉顺序转流术7例。结果：本组56例中有3例分别在术后2天、6个月、18个月时出现肢体坏疽行截肢术,余53例病人术后恢复良好。结论：下肢动脉闭塞症以动脉硬化最常见;术前综合应用Duplex、CTA、MRA、DSA等多种检查手段,对患者全身动脉硬化情况以及下肢动脉多平面血流动力学变化进行全面评估,注重治疗方案的个体化选择,将血管腔内治疗与传统旁路术相结合,可以明显提高治疗效果。     

髂动脉硬化性闭塞症的外科治疗

目的 探讨髂动脉硬化性闭塞症的外科治疗方式.方法 髂动脉硬化性闭塞症患者108例(148条肢体),主-股转流11例;腋-股转流4例;股-股转流45例;髂动脉扩张支架(腔内介入治疗)48例,其中髂动脉腔内介入治疗结合开放手术的杂交复合手术13例.结果 治疗均获成功,106条肢体症状及体征明显改善,42条肢体部分好转.踝/肱指数由术前的0.37±0.17上升至术后的0.63±0.15,术前与术后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随访6个月至10年,主-股转流及股-股转流术后5、10年的通畅率分别为90.0％(9/10)、70.0％(7/10)及61.4％(27/44)、52.3％(23/44);腋-股转流术后1、2年的通畅率分别为75.0％(3/4)、50.0％(2/4);腔内介入治疗术后6个月、1年、2年、3年的通畅率分别为95.8％(46/48)、87.5％( 42/48)、79.2％( 38/48)、64.6％(31/48).结论 人工血管旁路转流术是治疗髂动脉硬化性闭塞症的有效方法;随着腔内介入技术的发展和血管移植材料的改进,血管腔内介入已成为治疗髂动脉硬化性闭塞症的主流,其与开放手术的结合成为新的研究发展方向.     

下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症的介入治疗42例分析

目的 观察介入治疗下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症的近期疗效,探讨其治疗经验.方法 42例下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症患者采用介入治疗,其中行单纯球囊扩张术16例(髂动脉4例、股胭动脉3例、膝下动脉9例),行球囊扩张支架术26例(髂动脉17例、股胭动脉9例).结果 本组无手术死亡病例.髂动脉21例介入治疗全部获得成功;股胭动脉9例介入治疗获得成功,另3例介入治疗失败行动脉旁路转流术;膝下动脉6例介入治疗获得成功,另3例介入治疗失败,其中1例患者行踝关节上截肢术,2例继续保守治疗.术后随访2～12个月,平均(6.1±2.1)个月,2例股浅动脉行单纯球囊扩张术患者6个月后再次出现狭窄,行内置支架术,症状消失.结论 介入治疗下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症具有较高的可行性,近期疗效满意,其长期疗效还有待于进一步随访研究.     

急性腹主-髂-股动脉闭塞的介入加药物治疗

目的探讨急性腹主-髂-股动脉闭塞介入加药物治疗的临床疗效。方法取9例腹主动脉、髂动脉或股动脉急性闭塞的住院患者。经股动脉或肱动脉开始,入导丝开通,导管造影经溶栓、碎栓、血管内支架置入治疗。结果8例溶栓、碎栓后血管再通,其中1例伴有动脉残余狭窄置入支架一枚;另1例溶栓、碎栓后放弃手术。结论动脉介入加药物治疗是对急性腹主-髂-股动脉闭塞有效、微创、安全的一种治疗方法。     

髂动脉闭塞时同侧股动脉Seldinger穿刺技术的临床应用

目的 探讨髂动脉闭塞时同侧股动脉Seldinger穿刺技术的最佳方法.方法 对2007年3月至2011年7月完成的24例髂动脉闭塞时同侧股动脉Seldinger穿刺结果进行分析.结果 盲穿4例,成功2例;透视下参照动脉硬化斑块穿刺2例,成功1例;透视下参照股骨头穿刺3例,成功1例;透视下参照股静脉定位穿刺20例,成功20例.结论 髂动脉闭塞下同侧股动脉Seldinger穿刺时,透视下参照股静脉定位穿刺成功率最高,效果最好,且操作方便,值得推广使用.     

下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管闭塞的再手术治疗

目的 总结下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管闭塞的再手术治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析21例下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管闭塞患者再手术的治疗效果.结果 21例患者术后均获随访,随访时间6～36(12±3)个月.肢体存活率71.4%(15/21),截肢率28.6%(6/21),9例最后通过股深动脉供血的患者肢体全部存活.结论 下肢动脉旁路移植术后人工血管闭塞的主要原因是内膜增生或流人道及流出道的狭窄闭塞,再手术前应仔细分析闭塞原因以选择合适的手术方式.股深动脉重建对于人工血管闭塞的再手术治疗非常重要.

Abstract：

Objective To review reoperation on blood vessel prosthesis occlusion after arterial bypass graft in lower limbs. Method The treatment effect of 21 patients with reoperation on blood vessel prothesis occlusion after arterial bypass graft in lower limbs was analyzed retrospectively. Results All the cases were followed up 6-36 (12 ±3) months. The limb salvage rate was 71.4%(15/21) ,the amputation rate was 28.6% (6/21). All 9 limbs that underwent revascularization from deep femoral artery reserved. Conclusions Endomembrane hyperplasy, occlusion of the inflow and outflow tracts are the major reasons for the occlusion of blood vessel prosthesis after arterial bypass graft in lower limbs. Appropriate procedures should be based on careful consideration of the occlusion reasons. Profundaplasty is an effective therapy for those who are treated by reoperation on blood vessel prosthesis occlusion in lower limbs.     

超声刀在骨骼化乳内动脉采取中的应用

目的总结超声刀在骨骼化乳内动脉血管桥采取中的使用经验。方法回顾性分析日本顺天堂大学医院60例接受了超声刀采取的双侧乳内动脉血管桥进行单纯冠状动脉旁路移植术冠心病患者的临床资料及随访资料。结果远端吻合口平均（4．1±1．5）个。术后并发严重心律失常2例，脑梗塞合并败血症、弥漫性血管内凝血合并多脏器功能衰竭各1例，肺部感染2例，手术死亡2例。术后随访（15．6±3．2）个月，远期无死亡或心脏性事件患者。结论超声刀的应用使乳内动脉的骨骼化采取变得安全、简单。骨骼化双侧乳内动脉在冠状动脉旁路移植中具有良好的早期效果。     

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的个体化治疗经验

[目的]探讨下肢动脉硬化闭塞症外科手术个体化方案的合理性. [方法]对最近7年收治并行手术治疗的69例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者的临床类型和手术方式进行回顾性分析. [结果]根据不同情况,分别实施了血管腔内治疗、血管旁路术、腔内治疗联合血管旁路术、解剖外旁路移植术及股深动脉成形术等,效果良好. [结论]下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的个体化治疗能降低患者手术风险,改善预后;根据术前评估指导制定的个体化手术方案具有临床应用价值.     

国产吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌29例临床观察

目的探讨急性腹主-髂-股动脉闭塞介入加药物治疗的临床疗效。方法取9例腹主动脉、髂动脉或股动脉急性闭塞的住院患者。经股动脉或肱动脉开始，入导丝开通，导管造影经溶栓、碎栓、血管内支架置入治疗。结果8例溶栓、碎栓后血管再通，其中1例伴有动脉残余狭窄置人支架一枚；另1例溶栓、碎栓后放弃手术。结论动脉介入加药物治疗是对急性腹主-髂-股动脉闭塞有效、微创、安全的一种治疗方法。     

血管腔内治疗联合外科手术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症

目的 评价血管腔内治疗联合外科手术治疗多节段性下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的效果.方法 对32例多节段性下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者施行髂动脉球囊扩张及支架植入等血管腔内治疗方法开通髂血管,择期再对股胭段病变行自体大隐静脉或人工血管旁路转流术.结果 32例患者手术过程均成功,术后下肢缺血症状改善,表现为间歇性跛行消失或跛行距离明显增大,静息痛好转,肢体溃疡愈合.术后平均踝肱指数为0.65±0.18,与术前(0.28±0.14)相比有明显提高(P<0.05).术后随访30例,随访时间3～36个月.平均18个月.支架植入后髂动脉均通畅;有2例行旁路转流术患者出现吻合口狭窄,行吻合口腔内血管成形术,术后狭窄解除.1例患者人工血管内血栓形成,再次行人工血管旁路转流术治疗,余患者旁路血管通畅,血运较术前明显改善.结论 血管腔内治疗联合外科手术治疗多节段性下肢动脉硬化闭塞症,可降低手术难度与复杂性,减少术后并发症,疗效满意.     

闭合性无骨盆骨折的髂动脉损伤

目的 探讨闭合性无骨盆骨折的髂动脉损伤的原因、诊断及救治。方法 回顾性分析10例闭合性无骨盆骨折的髂动脉损伤患者的临床资料。结果 髂总动脉血栓3例，髂外动脉血栓5例（右侧2例、左侧3例），左臀上动脉断裂2例。3例髂总动脉及2例髂外动脉血栓行人造血管移植术，获得成功。髂外动脉切除损伤段直接吻合术1例成功。髂外动脉取栓再通术1例成功，1例失败。左臀上动脉断裂行血管造影栓塞术获得成功。结论 闭合性无骨盆骨折的髂动脉损伤，髂总动脉及髂外动脉以挫伤、血栓形成为主，髂内动脉以破裂为主，应根据损伤的部位及类型采取不同的治疗方法。     

16排螺旋CT血管成像在周围血管病的应用

目的:探讨16排螺旋CT血管成像在下肢动脉阻塞性病变诊断中的价值。方法:对48例疑有下肢动脉硬化、阻塞性病变患者在血管动脉期进行16排螺旋CT容积扫描,重建动脉血管的三维图像。结果:6例腹主动脉下段闭塞,11例髂动脉闭塞,21例股浅动脉闭塞,6例股浅动脉狭窄,4例动脉闭塞。结论:16排螺旋CT血管成像在评价下肢动脉阻塞性病变方面与DSA结果基本一致,是一项高度准确的成像技术和非侵袭性检查方法。     

Late results of intraoperative balloon dilatation in multilevel arterial diseases of the lower extremities]

Since 1981, 93 intraoperative balloon dilatation have been performed in 78 patients suffering from occlusive arterial disease of the lower extremities. 42 iliac dilations were performed on 34 patients, where 8 patients required dilatations at two sites, and 26 patients only at one site (common iliac artery: 15, external iliac artery: 27). 44 patients received femoro-popliteal dilations of which 7 patients required dilations at two sites, and 37 patients only at one site for a total of 51 dilations. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 60 months with an accumulated patency rate of 92% in iliac and 39.3% in femoro-popliteal segment at 5 years. Fourteen patients died by the fifth year after intervention. Most of these deaths were due to concurrent cardiac disease. By improving inflow or outflow and reducing operative stress in poor risk patients balloon angioplasty is a valuable adjunct to vascular reconstruction.     

多节段、多平面下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床治疗

目的 探讨多节段、多平面下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床治疗方法.方法 按照个体化原则,采用单一的动脉旁路重建术、序列式动脉旁路重建术和经皮血管腔内成形术联合动脉旁路重建术治疗多节段、多平面下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者25例.结果 随访6个月至3年,25例患者肢体缺血症状明显减轻或消失,原溃疡面愈合.4例足趾干性坏疽,截趾后创面2～4个月愈合,2例移植物在术后6个月内闭塞,但肢体缺血症状明显改善,本组无重要脏器并发症和手术死亡病例,移植物通畅率92%(23/25),治愈率100%.结论 按照个体化原则,选择单一动脉旁路重建术、序列式动脉旁路重建术和经皮血管腔内成形术联合动脉旁路重建术是治疗多节段、多平面下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的有效方法.     

Extra-anatomic bypass grafting for vascular occlusive disease in the upper and lower extremities

Twenty-four patients with poor risk factors underwent an extra-anatomic bypass operation for aortoiliac occlusive disease and subclavian steal syndrome. A femoro-femoral bypass was performed on 5 patients, an axillo-femoral bypass on 15, a subclavian-subclavian bypass on 2 and an ascending aorta-femoral bypass on 2. There was only one operative death and there were 2 late deaths (8.3%). The patients were 20 males and 4 females with a mean age of 69.3 years. Among risk factors, high age (70 year old) was present in half of the patients, ischemic heart disease in 9, and cerebral vascular disease in 8. Seventy-five percent of the patients were suffering from two or more dysfunctions. During the limited follow-up period from 8 to 94 months (mean 46.1 months) there was a 96% patency rate. We had good results using externally supported ring graft and by the administration of prostaglandin E1 and ticlopidine during the pre and postoperative period.     

A 26-year-old cyclist with intermittent claudication

A 26-year-old male amateur cyclist, with no risk factors for vascular disease or previous trauma, presented with left-calf claudication. Physical and additional examination revealed an occlusion of the external iliac artery. During the operation, the cause was found to be an endofibrotic lesion of the external iliac artery, probably due to mechanical trauma as a result of the non-physiological aerodynamic position held on the bicycle during many hours of training. An endarterectomy was performed and the tendon of the psoas-minor muscle was cut because of its strong impression on the psoas-major muscle, which resulted in kinking of the external iliac artery. There followed two episodes of re-occlusion which were treated with a venous interposition graft and a dacron interposition graft, respectively. Thereafter the patient was able to train without pain. Intermittent claudication of the legs in young athletes should not be underestimated; occlusive vascular disease caused by arterial endofibrosis should be considered.     

CE-MRA诊断下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症的价值

目的：探讨CE—MRA在诊断下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症的应用价值。方法：对25例临床拟下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症的患者进行CE—MRA检查．并使用MIP等后处理方法分析。结果：24例MRA检查成功，本组患者显示右侧髂外动脉闭塞2例．腹主动脉狭窄2例，闭塞2例；股动脉狭窄4例，闭塞2例；胴动脉狭窄5例，小腿动脉狭窄3例，闭塞4例。其中1例由于患者不配合导致检查失败。结论：利用CE—MRA可直观、全面的诊断下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症，了解病变的范围和程度,是一种安全、准确、无创的检查方法。     

难治性产后出血86例临床分析

目的：探讨难治性产后出血的各种治疗方法的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2012年12月在湖南省妇幼保健院住院,分别采用宫腔塞纱术、经导管动脉栓塞术、子宫动脉结扎术和髂内动脉结扎术、子宫切除术及盆腔塞纱术等方法治疗的86例难治性产后出血产妇的临床资料。结果18例行宫腔塞纱术成功12例（66．7％）,29例（100．0％）行经导管动脉栓塞术均获成功,12例行子宫动脉结扎术和髂内动脉结扎术成功9例（75．0％）,12例行子宫切除术成功9例（75．0％）,15例行盆腔塞纱术成功9例（60．0％）。对宫腔塞纱术、子宫动脉结扎术和髂内动脉结扎术及盆腔塞纱术失败的18例患者行经导管动脉栓塞术成功13例（72．2％）。结论对不同类型的难治性产后出血可采用1种或联合多种止血方式;合理选择治疗方法,把握抢救时机。