手部多指或多处复杂性软组织缺损皮瓣Ⅰ期修复

目的探讨手部多指或多处复杂性软组织缺损皮瓣Ⅰ期修复的手术方法。方法对3指掌侧或背侧软组织缺损采用足背三叶皮瓣移植修复24例，3指脱套性缺损采用双侧足背三叶皮瓣移植修复8例，1（2）指脱套加另1（2）指软组织缺损采用足背分叶加足背三叶皮瓣移植修复10例，3指掌侧（背侧）合并手掌（手背）44组织缺损采用足背三叶加踝上形成一蒂四块皮瓣移植修复4例；4指掌侧软组织缺损采用双第2趾孪生趾腹皮瓣移植修复10例、足背三叶皮瓣加小鱼际逆行岛状皮瓣修复2例，足背三叶皮瓣加大鱼际皮瓣修复2例，4手指掌侧合并手掌软组织缺损采用一侧足背嘏趾腹皮瓣加另一侧足背三叶皮瓣移植修复2例，4手指背侧软组织缺损采用足背三叶皮瓣加掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复5例，双侧足背分叶皮瓣移植修复4例，4手指背侧合并手背软组织缺损采用足背三叶皮瓣加前臂逆行岛状皮瓣修复4例，足背三叶皮瓣加股前外侧分块皮瓣移植修复6例；5手指软组织缺损采用一侧足背分叶皮瓣加另一侧足背三叶皮瓣移植修复2例。结果本组其它皮瓣均顺利成活；但足背三叶皮瓣63例71块，3块一叶坏死，1块二叶坏死；足背三叶加踝上皮瓣形成一蒂多块皮瓣4例，其中1例踝上皮瓣少许坏死，皮瓣坏死区经扩创术后换药植皮愈合。结论最大限度利用不同种类的足部皮瓣加股前外侧分块皮瓣以及手部、前臂的岛状或游离皮瓣做瓦合或联合移植，可Ⅰ期修复手部多指或多处复杂性软组织缺损。     

肾脏有免疫复合物沉积的小血管炎的临床病理特点

目的 回顾性总结分析肾脏有免疫复合物沉积的ANCA相关系统性血管炎(AASV)患者的临床和病理特点。方法 将近5年在北京大学第一医院住院诊断为AASV且肾活检免疫荧光显示系膜区有免疫复合物沉积(免疫球蛋白≥++)的患者与同期少免疫复合物沉积的患者的临床和病理进行比较。结果 肾脏有免疫复合物沉积者8例(IgM沉积5例,IgA沉积2例,IgG沉积1例),肾脏少免疫复合物沉积者32例。2组在性别、年龄、ANCA类型、起病至肾活检的时间、临床表现以及短期肾脏存活率方面差异均无显著性意义,仅前组患者在有前驱感染方面显著多于后组(P<0.05)。结论 肾脏有免疫复合物沉积的AASV的临床与病理特点与普通的AASV基本一致,应引起高度重视,而需要针对AASV的强化免疫抑制治疗。     

四肢开放性骨折伴骨缺损治疗方法的研究

目的 探讨一种简单、安全、有效的治疗开放性骨折伴骨缺损方法。方法 对98例开放性骨折伴骨缺损的病人在清创,适当固定后采用：①载药自固化磷酸钙人工骨植入;②抗生素伴自体骨植入;③早期关闭创口,后期取带血管蒂的骨块伴载药自固化磷酸钙人工骨植入。结果 对轻中度污染,骨缺损量较少的开放性骨折伴骨缺损者,采用载药自固化磷酸钙人工骨植入及抗生素伴自体骨植入治疗,二者无明显差异。对污染较重的开放性骨折伴骨缺损者,适用于载药自固化磷酸钙植入治疗。对污较重且伴有节段性缺损大于5cm的开放性骨折伴骨缺损者,适用于早期清创,后期取带血管蒂的骨块伴载药自固化磷酸钙人工骨植入治疗。结论 对开放性骨折伴骨缺损,应根据骨缺损量的多少及污染的程度选用合适的方法,以免多次手术。     

腹腔镜保脾胰体尾切除八例的手术经验

目的总结保留脾脏腹腔镜胰体尾切除术的临床经验与手术技巧。方法自2003年11月至2008年2月,我们对8例胰体尾部良性占位病变患者施行保留脾脏腹腔镜胰体尾切除术。结果本组8例均在腹腔镜下完成,其中1例合并胆囊切除,1例合并右肾上腺肿瘤切除,1例合并子宫肌瘤挖出、左卵巢畸胎瘤挖出,1例合并子宫肌瘤挖出。本组手术时间120—290min,出血量150—600ml。术后住院时间3～9d,无胰漏发生。术后病理诊断：潴留性囊肿2例,浆液性囊腺瘤1例,黏液性囊腺瘤2例,上皮性囊肿2例,先天性囊肿1例。随访9～60个月,症状消失,未见复发。结论对于胰体尾部良性病变,可行保留脾脏的胰体尾部切除,对拥有丰富高级腹腔镜手术经验的术者,开展保留脾脏的腹腔镜胰体尾切除术是安全可行的。     

Antibody response to P-fimbriae of Escherichia coli in patients with genitourinary infections

The serum antibody response to P-fimbriae of Escherichia coli in patients with genitourinary infections was investigated with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for P-fimbriae-specific IgG antibody. 1) Female patients with acute pyelonephritis had a significantly (P less than 0.01) higher titer of serum IgG antibody by ELISA, compared with patients with acute cystitis or control subjects. The prevalence of positive serum IgG antibody response was 65% in patients with acute pyelonephritis. 2) Patients with epididymitis with high fever had a significantly (P less than 0.01) higher titer of serum IgG antibody by ELISA, compared with patients with epididymitis without fever or control subjects. The prevalence of positive serum IgG antibody response was 60% in patients with epididymitis with high fever. Therefore, 65% of female patients with acute pyelonephritis and 60% of patients with epididymitis with high fever are infected with P-fimbriated E. coli. The measurement of serum antibody response to P-fimbriae must be helpful for the diagnosis and the antibiotic therapy of epididymitis.     

Vitelline duct anomalies. Experience with 217 childhood cases

Of 217 children with vitelline duct anomalies, 85 (40%) had symptomatic lesions (mean age, 2.4 years). Forty-eight patients presented with rectal bleeding; 28, with intestinal obstruction; five, with abdominal pain; and four, with bilious umbilical drainage. An asymptomatic Meckel's diverticulum was discovered incidentally at laparotomy in 132 children. Surgical therapy included bowel resection in nine patients with volvulus, four with intussusception, seven with bleeding, three with vitelline cysts, and one with a perforation. Diverticulectomy was performed in 189 cases, and excision of a patent vitelline duct was accomplished in four neonates with umbilical drainage. Ectopic gastric mucosa was present in all 48 patients with bleeding and in four of five with inflammation but in only two asymptomatic specimens. More than one third of the cases were symptomatic and presented in younger patients. This suggests that elective resection of asymptomatic vitelline remnants in early childhood is reasonable at the time of laparotomy for other conditions.     

一期切除吻合术治疗左半结肠癌并急性肠梗阻临床疗效观察（附46例报告）

目的 探讨左半结肠癌并急性肠梗阻行一期切除吻合术的安全性及其临床应用.方法 对46例左半结肠癌并梗阻患者行一期肠切除肠吻合术,术中进行有效的结肠减压及清洁灌洗,术后观察疗效.结果 有31例患者左半结肠恶性梗阻患者经保守治疗肠梗阻缓解改限期手术行一期肠切除吻合术,其余15例患者一般情况较好,经全结肠灌洗后一期肠切除吻合术,所有手术均顺利完成,术后并发切口感染8例（17.4％）,吻合口漏4例（8.7％）,经保守治疗痊愈.结论 左半结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻患者行一期肿瘤切除吻合术是安全有效的.     

Subarachnoidal haemorrhage and myocardial failure: interest of cardiac and cerebral monitoring

Spontaneous subarachnoidal haemorrhage can be associated with neurogenic pulmonary oedema and cardiogenic shock. The presentation is an ischemic myocardial dysfunction associated with normal coronary arteries. Hypoxaemia associated with arterial hypotension on patients with brain injury can worsen neurological outcome. The administration of norepinephrine associated with fluid expansion could be deleterious on cardiac function. We report the case of a patient with acute pulmonary oedema associated with post-aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage managed with transoesophageal Doppler monitoring.     

NOS1AP genetic variation is associated with impaired healing of diabetic foot ulcers and diminished response to healing of circulating stem/progenitor cells

It is unclear why many with diabetes develop foot ulcers (DFU) and why some do not heal. It could be associated with genetic variation. We have previously shown that NOS1AP variation is associated with lower extremity amputation in those with diabetes and that circulating stem progenitor cell concentration (SPC) is associated with impaired foot ulcer healing in those with diabetes. The goal of this study was to determine if NOS1AP variation is associated with impaired wound healing and with SPC mobilization in those with DFU. In longitudinal cohort study we demonstrate that NOS1AP variants rs16849113 and rs19649113 are associated with impaired wound healing and with SPC mobilization in those with DFU. We believe that further study of NOS1AP is merited and that it NOS1AP might be associated with a functional impairment.     

Pathological findings as determinant factors of prognosis of renal cell carcinoma

Clinicopathological studies were made on 105 patients with renal cell carcinoma who visited us from January 1978 to August 1989. The results were as follows: 1. Overall 3, 5 and 10-year survival rates were 60.4%, 49.8% and 44.5%, respectively. 2. Patients in Robson stage I survived longer than those in stage III, and patients in stage II survived longer than those in stage IV with a significant difference. 3. A significant difference did not exist between patients in stages lower than pT2 and those in pT3a, while patients in pT3a survived longer than those in stages higher than pT3b. 4. Patients with grade 1 tumors survived longer than those with grade 2 tumors, and patients with grade 2 tumors survived longer than those with grade 3 tumors with a significant difference. 5. Patients with clear cell subtype survived longer than those with granular cell subtype and mixed subtype with a significant difference, while a significant difference did not exist between patients with granular cell subtype and those with mixed subtype. 6. Patients with INF alpha tumors survived longer than those with INF beta tumors with a significant difference. There was the same significant difference in patients with grade 2 tumors.     

Bleeding peptic ulcer after abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery

A retrospective study of 112 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and 232 with arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) demonstrated that 16.7% of those with AAA and 1.6% of those with ASO had a history of gastroduodenal ulcer; 83% of these lesions with AAA were gastric ulcers. Ulcer bleeding after vascular reconstruction developed in seven patients with AAA and one with ASO. Serum fibrinogen levels and platelet counts were significantly lower in patients with AAA than in those with ASO or controls. A prospective study showed that 25 (52.1%) of 48 patients with AAA and six (20.0%) of 30 patients with ASO had endoscopically proved gastroduodenal lesions before vascular reconstruction. None of them developed postoperative bleeding after treatment of both their gastroduodenal lesions and coagulopathy. Furthermore, the significant decrease in blood flow and prostaglandin content of gastric mucosa was demonstrated in patients with AAA.     

Comparison of doxazosin with or without tolterodine in men with symptomatic bladder outlet obstruction and an overactive bladder

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of combined treatment with doxazosin and tolterodine, as although alpha-blockers are commonly used and generally effective in men with symptomatic bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), a subset of men with BOO and overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms often complain of persistent symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a prospective study of 144 consecutive men with BOO at one tertiary urology centre, all had a baseline pressure-flow urodynamic study and were then subdivided into those with BOO or BOO + OAB, based on absence or presence of involuntary detrusor contractions. The Abrams-Griffiths nomogram was used to determine obstructive BOO. After the initial evaluation, all patients were treated with doxazosin 4 mg/day for 3 months. In patients with no symptomatic improvement, tolterodine 2 mg twice daily was added for an additional 3 months. RESULTS: Of the 144 patients, 76 (53%) were diagnosed as having BOO and 68 (47%) BOO + OAB. The patients with BOO + OAB were older (P < 0.05) and had a higher International Prostate Symptom Score. After 3 months of treatment with doxazosin, 60 (79%) with BOO and 24 (35%) BOO + OAB reported a symptomatic improvement. In those patients with no improvement, six of 16 with BOO and 32 of 44 (73%) with BOO + OAB improved after adding tolterodine. Acute urinary retention developed in only two of 60 men (3.3%) treated with the combined therapy. CONCLUSION: About half of men with symptomatic BOO had an OAB; while about three-quarters of men with symptomatic BOO and no OAB improved with doxazosin, only a third with BOO + OAB were helped with doxazosin alone. Combining tolterodine with doxazosin was effective in three-quarters of men with BOO + OAB. Overall, most men with BOO with or with no OAB were helped with doxazosin alone or with the addition of tolterodine.     

Renal histology in Chinese patients with anti-myeloperoxidase autoantibody-positive Wegener's granulomatosis.

BACKGROUND: Proteinase-3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (PR3-ANCA) was the serological marker for Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), while myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA was the serological marker for microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). However, our previous study suggested that patients with MPO-ANCA positive WG were common in Chinese. This study aimed to analyse the renal histology of patients with MPO-ANCA positive WG. METHODS: Patients in our centre with WG were selected according to both the Chapel Hill Consensus Conference (CHCC) definition and American College of Rheumatology classification criteria. Patients with MPA were selected according to the CHCC definition. The renal histology was compared between patients with MPO-ANCA positive WG and with PR3-ANCA positive WG as well as patients with MPO-ANCA positive MPA. RESULTS: Sixty-one patients with WG had complete renal histological data, 39/61 with positive MPO-ANCA and 22/61 with positive PR3-ANCA. Among patients with crescents in glomeruli, those with MPO-ANCA had fewer cellular crescents and more fibrous crescents than those with PR3-ANCA (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy were more prevalent and severe in patients with MPO-ANCA than in those with PR3-ANCA (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Compared with 44 patients with MPO-ANCA positive MPA, patients with MPO-ANCA positive WG had fewer glomeruli with crescents and more normal glomeruli (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: Patients with MPO-ANCA positive WG are common in Chinese. In renal histology, chronic lesions were more severe and prevalent in patients with MPO-ANCA positive WG than in patients with PR3-ANCA positive WG. Glomerular lesions were less severe and less prevalent in patients with MPO-ANCA positive WG than in those with MPO-ANCA positive MPA.     

Großer Flankentumor nach gedeckter Gallenblasenperforation

We report on a 79-year-old woman patient with a tumor with a diameter of 18 cm in the right flank. The medical history of the patient was normal except for a single asymptomatic gallstone, which had been known since 12 years. Sonography and abdominal CT showed an enormous intra-abdominal mass filled with liquid with a permanent union with the gallbladder. We than performed an explorative laparotomy with a tumor resection and a cholecystectomy. The histological examination showed perforation of the gallbladder with a great pseudocyst filled with 1800 ml infected bile and with penetration through the abdominal wall.     

立体定向多靶点手术治疗情感性精神障碍

目的探讨螺旋CT引导下同期双侧多靶点手术治疗情感性精神障碍的疗效和安全性。方法采用螺旋CT定位,对182例情感性精神障碍患者,采用同期双侧多靶点射频热凝手术治疗。按全国精神外科协作组于1990年制定的评定方法进行疗效评定。结果182例患者术后2周随访：显著改善86例,改善81例,无效15例,加重0例,有效率91．76％;166例术后随访6～54个月：恢复38例,显著改善59例,改善52例,无效17例,加重0例,有效率89．76％;术后除早期一过性并发症外,远期并发症发生率小于1％。结论螺旋CT引导同期双侧多靶点手术治疗情感性精神障碍疗效显著,安全性高。     

Saccular damage in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss without vertigo

OBJECTIVE: Saccule could be damaged in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL) with vertigo and with high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Thus, the saccule might be deteriorated subclinically in ISSHL cases without vertigo. Therefore, we investigated saccular damage in ISSHL patients without vertigo through vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP). STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty-two patients with ISSHL without vertigo were enrolled in the study. We identified VEMP in patients with ISSHL and analyzed the association of VEMP with initial hearing threshold, each threshold according to frequency, the type of audiogram, and hearing recovery. RESULTS: For cases with absent VEMP, we found significant differences between patients with 90 dB or more hearing loss and those with a hearing loss less than 55 dB with frequencies over 1000 Hz. Patients with profound hearing loss presented significantly high abnormal and absent VEMP than patients with audiograms of other types. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the subclinical deterioration of the saccular neuroepithelium is associated with patients with ISSHL having profound hearing loss at the high frequency.     

Evaluation of treatment of lung cancer combined with the disease which has needed a semi-emergency operation

Six cases of lung cancer combined with the disease which has needed semi-emergency operation, two cases of unstable angina, two of ileus due to colon cancer, one of impending rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm and one of purulent cholecystitis with cholelithiasis, were discussed. Mean age was 62.0 years (range, 36 to 73); four were male and two were female. Case 1 and 2 were admitted with anterior chest pain, Case 3 with lumbago and abdominal pain, Case 4 and 5 with an abnormal shadow on chest x-ray film and Case 6 with abdominal pain. Of the two with unstable angina, one was operated on with right upper lobectomy during the first months after aorto-coronary bypass. Of the two with colon cancer, one was operated on with right upper lobectomy during about 5 weeks after right hemi-colectomy. Case 3 with abdominal aortic aneurysm operated on with left upper lobectomy during 4 weeks after replacement of abdominal aorta. Case 4 with cholecystitis was operated on with left pneumonectomy during about 3 weeks after cholecystectomy. The postoperative course of 4 cases and the post-chemotherapy condition of 2 cases were uneventful.     

Alpha-blockers and urethral pressure in neurological patients.

In 11 patients with upper motor neuron bladder paresis due to spinal trauma, 2 patients with lower motor neuron bladder paresis, and 4 patients with multiple sclerosis, alpha-adrenergic blockade with 10 mg Regitine intravenously decreased the maximum urethral closure pressure to an average of 42%. The decrease was most pronounced in a patient with lower motor neuron bladder paresis and a flaccid pelvic floor. Treatment with phenoxybenzamine was found valuable in patients with multiple sclerosis and poor bladder emptying as well as in patients with lower motor neuron bladder paresis. In patients with detrusorsphincter dyssynergia this treatment was of no value.     

Cognitive functioning among individuals with traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and no cognitive impairments

OBJECTIVE: To compare patterns of cognitive functioning in older adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and no neurological disorder (ND). DESIGN: Group comparison. SETTING: Outpatient setting of a large urban tertiary care medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Older adults: 56 with TBI, 64 with AD, and 50 with neurological disorder. INTERVENTION(S): None. RESULTS: Older adults with AD and TBI had lower scores in most areas of cognitive functioning examined than the individuals with neurological disorder. Individuals with AD had lower scores in memory, processing speed, and verbal fluency than did individuals with TBI. Specifically, individuals with AD did not retain learned information over time. CONCLUSION(S): Cognitive impairments were present in older adults with AD and TBI. However, individuals with TBI were better able to learn and retain new information than were individuals with AD.     

Tomita评分在脊柱转移瘤治疗决策中的意义

目的：评价Tomita评分在脊柱转移瘤治疗决策中的意义.方法：1981年7月～2004年12月我院收治脊柱转移瘤患者447例,男291例,女156例,年龄25～75岁,平均56.1岁.原发灶明确者340例,原发灶不明者107例.同时合并肺、肝、脑等重要脏器转移者215例.手术治疗183例,保守治疗264例.采用Tomita评分系统进行综合评分,根据不同分值分为4组,2～3分者为A组,4～5分者为B组,6～7分者为C组,8～10分者为D组,对4组及不同原发肿瘤患者的数据进行生存分析.结果：随访3～92个月,平均23.5个月,患者平均生存时间10.2个月,中位生存时间7.9个月,1年生存率为38%.肿瘤原发于肺、肝、胃肠道者145例,中位生存时间4.4个月：原发于甲状腺、乳腺、前列腺者146例,中位生存时间12个月;原发于肾脏者27例,中位生存时间6个月：原发于其他部位者22例,中位生存时间5.1个月;原发灶不明者107例,中位生存时间6.8个月.A组65例,中位生存时间34个月;B组49例,中位生存时间13个月;C组128例,中位生存时间8个月;D组205例,中位生存时间4个月.4组问生存时问有显著性差异（P＜0.0001）.结论：Tomita评分与脊柱转移瘤患者的预后密切相关,可作为脊柱转移瘤治疗决策的重要参考指标.对于单发的、原发瘤恶性程度相对较低的脊柱转移瘤,Tomita评分2～3分者,采取积极的手术治疗可望取得较好的疗效.