食物频率法评估贫血学生膳食铁摄入量的相对效度研究

目的以称重记录法结合24小时回顾法为参考方法,评估食物频率法应用于调查贫血学生膳食铁摄入量及其相关营养素和食物摄入量的相对效度。方法分别应用称重记录法结合24小时回顾法和食物频率法对156名10～14岁在校贫血学生进行膳食调查,计算平均每日膳食铁、血红素铁、非血红素铁、抗坏血酸、畜肉/禽肉/鱼肉和蛋类摄入量,采用Wilcoxon配对秩和检验、Spearman秩相关分析、交叉归类分析、替代分类的真实值分析评估食物频率法的准确度。结果与参考方法相比,食物频率法高估了贫血学生膳食铁摄入量及其相关营养素和食物摄入量,与参考方法调查结果的相关性较低。交叉归类分析、替代分类的真实值分析结果显示,食物频率法不能很好的区分营养素摄入量的不同水平。结论食物频率法应用于调查贫困地区贫血学生的膳食铁及相关营养素摄入量水平的准确性较低。     

食物图谱辅助提高24h回顾法膳食调查准确性的评价研究

目的评价新研制的食物图谱辅助提高24h回顾法膳食调查准确性的效力。方法选取我院40名普食住院病人,分别用称重法、无图谱辅助的24 h膳食回顾法和有图谱辅助的24 h膳食回顾法对其进行一日膳食调查。将两种24 h膳食回顾法获得的食物消费量和营养素摄入量,与称重法获得的相应数据进行比较,计算与称重法的差值及其比例,比较两种24 h膳食回顾法所获数据与称重法的接近程度,探讨新研制的食物图谱在24 h膳食回顾中的作用。结果与称重法相比,无图谱辅助的24 h回顾法除鸡蛋和牛肉外,其余食物及所有营养素都是低估的,除脂肪、总维生素E、钠、钙和膳食纤维摄入量数据与称重法呈一定程度的正相关,其他营养素和各种食物摄入量则未见相关性。有图谱辅助的24 h膳食回顾所获食物和营养素摄入量与称重法无差别,且两组数据高度相关。结论新研制的食物图谱能有效提高24 h膳食回顾的准确性,携带方便,应用简便,是一种很好的现场调查工具,值得推广应用。[营养学报,2012,34(6):558-562]     

不同膳食调查方法评估人群能量和营养素摄入量的比较

目的比较称重法、回顾法和食物频率法在评估人群能量和营养素摄入的差异性和相关性。方法2002年中国居民营养与健康调查中同时使用称重法、回顾法和食物频率法进行膳食调查的15～75岁居民23198名(男性11107,女性12091),利用称重法和食物频率法的结果对回顾法进行修正。结果与称重法相比,回顾法低估能量、脂肪、脂肪供能比、维生素E以及大部分矿物质的摄入,频率法低估脂肪、蛋白质供能比、脂肪供能比、维生素E和钠的摄入,称重法修正回顾法和频率法修正回顾法与称重法的相关系数,以及高估和低估人群方面都没有明显的差别。结论以称重法为标准的验证结果表明,称重法修正回顾法和频率法修正回顾法在调查能量和营养素摄入时与称重法的相关性均较好,后者可以代替前者。     

食物频率问卷法评估1-3岁幼儿营养素摄入量准确性及重现性研究北大核心CSCD

目的食物频率问卷法（FFO）问卷评估1～3岁幼儿膳食能量和营养素摄入量的准确性及重现性进行验证。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方式在中国北京分别选取2个社区卫生服务中心,随机抽取60名1～2岁幼儿和60名2～3岁幼儿,使用24h膳食回顾（24HDR）和FFQ收集其食物摄入资料,调查共两轮,间隔时间2个月,通过两轮24HDR和FFQ的均值间的比较进行FFQ准确性研究,首轮FF01结果与二轮FFQ2~果之间的比较进行FFQ重现性研究。结果由24HDR计算得到的对象能量摄入为4．64kJ（1108kcal）／d,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物摄入分别为41．4、44．7和146．9g／d。由FFO得到的能量摄入量为4．76kJ（1138kcal）／d,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物摄入量分别为46．2、63．9和136g／d,两种方法调查所得的膳食能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物及其供能比无显著性差异,FFQ显著高估膳食脂肪摄入量（高估42．9％）。FFQ得到的膳食维生素和矿物质的摄入量普遍高于24HDR,但低估了钠和硒的摄入量。由FFQ得到的能量和营养素摄入,只有能量、碳水化合物及其供能比、膳食纤维、维生素A、B2、钙和磷在能量调整后与24HDR呈显著正相关,相关系数在0.3～0．5之间。能量和营养素摄入在两轮FFQ间的Spearman相关系数在0．208（胡萝卜素）～0．593（脂肪）之间,且均呈显著性相关。结论FFQ可以用于评估1～3岁幼儿膳食能量、碳水化物、膳食纤维、维生素A、维生素B2、钙和磷的摄入量,但FFQ不适于评估膳食脂肪、蛋白质及其他微量元素的摄入量。     

食物频率问卷法评估人群膳食营养素摄入量的相对效度研究

目的 以称重记录法结合24 h回顾法为参考方法,评估食物频率问卷法(FFQ)应用于调查人群膳食营养素和食物摄入量的相对效度。方法 采用随机抽样的方法在上海市抽取闵行区和金山区居民作为调查对象。使用称重法结合24 h膳食回顾法与食物频率问卷法对调查对象进行膳食调查,并以称重法结合24 h膳食回顾法作为标准,采用t检验,Wilcoxon秩和检验及相关系数检验对食物频率问卷所得数据进行统计分析。结果 FFQ和24 h回顾调查2种方法食用的食物大类相同,获得的谷类、豆类及其制品、蔬菜、十字花科蔬菜、水果、肉禽水产类以及奶及奶制品的每日摄入量有相关性(相关系数0.248~1.000)。FFQ和24 h回顾调查2种方法获得的能量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、胆固醇每日摄入量均呈显著正相关(相关系数0.209~0.340),其中能量与脂肪无统计学差异;镁、钾、磷、锰、碘、钙与硒每日摄入量呈显著正相关(相关系数0.204~0.419),其中镁、钾、磷、锰、碘元素无统计学差异;维生素B1、B2、C、烟酸每日摄入量均呈显著正相关(相关系数0.170~0.305),其中维生素B1、B2无统计学差异。结论 食物频率问卷可以评估碘元素、十字花科蔬菜、大豆异黄酮以及能量、脂肪、镁、钾、磷、锰、维生素B1和维生素B2摄入量。     

食物频率问卷法评估人群能量和营养素摄入量的准确性验证

目的:食物频率问卷法(FFQ)问卷评估人群膳食能量和营养素摄入量的准确性进行验证。方法:使用3d称重法(WFR)和FFQ收集北京市130名35～49岁健康成人食物摄入资料,计算出其能量和营养素的摄入量并加以比较。结果:由食物WFR计算到的研究对象能量摄入为9.6MJ/d,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化物摄入分别为82.1、87.5和269.7g/d。由FFQ得到的能量摄入量为9.7MJ/d,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化物摄入量分别为88.3g/d、113.9g/d和248.8g/d,两种方法调查的膳食能量、蛋白质及其供能比无显著性差异,FFQ显著高估膳食脂肪摄入量(高估27.2%),碳水化物摄入量则被低估(低估10.8%)。FFQ得到的膳食维生素和矿物质的摄入量普遍高于WFR,但低估维生素E、铁和硒的摄入量。由FFQ得到的能量和营养素摄入,除维生素C、胡萝卜素和视黄醇当量外,均与WFR显著正相关,相关系数在0.22~0.51之间,但在调整年龄、性别和膳食能量摄入量的影响后,FFQ对膳食脂肪、维生素B1、钠和磷摄入量的估计与WFR相关的显著性消失。结论:FFQ可以用于评估膳食能量、蛋白质、碳水化物、维生素A、维生素B2、尼克酸、钾、钙、锌和硒的摄入量,但FFQ不适于评估膳食脂肪、视黄醇当量、胡萝卜素、维生素B1、维生素C、维生素E、钠、铁和磷的摄入量。     

孕妇膳食摄入量两种评估方法的比较

目的:探讨孕妇孕中期能量与营养素摄入的评估方法,为孕期膳食调查研究方法提供依据。方法:在孕中期同时采用24 h膳食回顾法和连续3天24 h膳食记录法分别记录被调查者调查前一日膳食摄入情况和连续3天24 h所摄取的所有食物名称及数量,计算每人每日食物和营养素摄入量。采用非参数检验法和Spearman相关分析比较两种膳食调查方法调查结果间的差异性和相关性。结果:24 h膳食回顾法获得数据中除蛋白质和碳水化合物摄入量被高估外,脂肪及其他营养素摄入量均低于3天×24 h膳食记录法。两种膳食调查方法获得的结果间差异无统计学意义,相关性较差。结论:在总体评估孕妇膳食能量及营养素摄入水平时24 h回顾法和3天×24 h记录法调查结果间是相似的,但在评估个体膳食能量及营养素摄入量及其与健康相关问题时,3天×24 h记录法得出结果可能相对较好。     

食物频率问卷法评估1-3岁幼儿营养素摄入量准确性及重现性研究

目的食物频率问卷法(FFQ)问卷评估1³岁幼儿膳食能量和营养素摄入量的准确性及重现性进行验证。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方式在中国北京分别选取2个社区卫生服务中心,随机抽取60名13岁幼儿膳食能量和营养素摄入量的准确性及重现性进行验证。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方式在中国北京分别选取2个社区卫生服务中心,随机抽取60名1²岁幼儿和60名22岁幼儿和60名2³岁幼儿,使用24h膳食回顾(24HDR)和FFQ收集其食物摄入资料,调查共两轮,间隔时间2个月,通过两轮24HDR和FFQ的均值间的比较进行FFQ准确性研究,首轮FFQ1结果与二轮FFQ2结果之间的比较进行FFQ重现性研究。结果由24 HDR计算得到的对象能量摄入为4.64kJ(1108kcal)/d,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物摄入分别为41.4、44.7和146.9g/d。由FFQ得到的能量摄入量为4.76kJ(1138 kcal)/d,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物摄入量分别为46.2、63.9和136 g/d,两种方法调查所得的膳食能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物及其供能比无显著性差异,FFQ显著高估膳食脂肪摄入量(高估42.9%)。FFQ得到的膳食维生素和矿物质的摄入量普遍高于24HDR,但低估了钠和硒的摄入量。由FFQ得到的能量和营养素摄入,只有能量、碳水化合物及其供能比、膳食纤维、维生素A、B2、钙和磷在能量调整后与24HDR呈显著正相关,相关系数在0.33岁幼儿,使用24h膳食回顾(24HDR)和FFQ收集其食物摄入资料,调查共两轮,间隔时间2个月,通过两轮24HDR和FFQ的均值间的比较进行FFQ准确性研究,首轮FFQ1结果与二轮FFQ2结果之间的比较进行FFQ重现性研究。结果由24 HDR计算得到的对象能量摄入为4.64kJ(1108kcal)/d,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物摄入分别为41.4、44.7和146.9g/d。由FFQ得到的能量摄入量为4.76kJ(1138 kcal)/d,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物摄入量分别为46.2、63.9和136 g/d,两种方法调查所得的膳食能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物及其供能比无显著性差异,FFQ显著高估膳食脂肪摄入量(高估42.9%)。FFQ得到的膳食维生素和矿物质的摄入量普遍高于24HDR,但低估了钠和硒的摄入量。由FFQ得到的能量和营养素摄入,只有能量、碳水化合物及其供能比、膳食纤维、维生素A、B2、钙和磷在能量调整后与24HDR呈显著正相关,相关系数在0.3⁰.5之间。能量和营养素摄入在两轮FFQ间的Spearman相关系数在0.208(胡萝卜素)0.5之间。能量和营养素摄入在两轮FFQ间的Spearman相关系数在0.208(胡萝卜素)⁰.593(脂肪)之间,且均呈显著性相关。结论 FFQ可以用于评估10.593(脂肪)之间,且均呈显著性相关。结论 FFQ可以用于评估1³岁幼儿膳食能量、碳水化物、膳食纤维、维生素A、维生素B2、钙和磷的摄入量,但FFQ不适于评估膳食脂肪、蛋白质及其他微量元素的摄入量。[营养学报,2014,36(1):45-48]     

24小时膳食回顾法和食物频率法评估人群脂肪摄入的比较

目的比较3天24小时膳食回顾法和食物频率法在评估人群脂肪摄入的差异及相关性,为膳食脂肪研究提供依据。方法对从浙江省抽取的511名调查对象同时采用3天24 h膳食回顾法和食物频率法进行膳食调查,分别计算脂肪、脂肪酸和能量等的每日摄入量及脂肪供能比,并对结果进行统计分析。结果两种方法计算得到的能量、脂肪及脂肪供能比结果差异无统计学意义;两种方法评估能量、脂肪、脂肪供能比的相关系数分别为0.51、0.58和0.57,同一调查对象在这两种方法中被分到相同或相邻组的比率:能量为80.73%,脂肪为84.80%,脂肪供能比为83.38%。结论在进行膳食脂肪与疾病关系研究时可采用本文中的食物频率法代替3天24小时回顾法来评估人群脂肪摄入情况。     

上海市普陀区1277名居民食物摄人频率及其影响因素

[目的]了解上海市普陀区居民食物摄入频率现状和膳食结构模式,为今后开展营养教育和营养改善工作提供科学依据。[方法]选用2007年上海市普陀区居民营养与健康状况的调查资料,运用食物摄入频率法调查1277名15岁及以上居民,对每位调查对象过去1年的各类食物摄入频率和摄入量进行询问并记录。采用评分方法评价该区居民的膳食质量,采用多元线性回归分析方法筛选食物摄入频率的相关影响因素。[结果]普陀区居民谷类、蔬菜类、水果类、鱼虾类摄入频率较高,得分均在3分以上,畜禽肉类、蛋类、豆类和奶类次之。但蔬菜、水果以及奶类的摄入量与国家推荐标准相比仍有较大差距,居民的膳食结构仍不太合理。影响居民食物摄入频率的主要影响因素是经济状况（P=0．00）、文化程度（P〈0．05）、性别（P=0．00）和职业（P〈0．05）。[结论]目前普陀区居民的膳食状况以蔬菜、水果和奶类的摄入不足为主要问题,应加强营养知识的宣传教育,引导合理膳食。     

Validation of a Short,Qualitative Food Frequency Questionnaire in French Adults Participating in the MONA LISA-NUT Study 2005-2007

BackgroundFood frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are often used to evaluate individuals' food intakes in epidemiologic studies because of their simplicity and low cost.ObjectiveTo assess the validity of a short (24 items), qualitative FFQ used in the MONA LISA-NUT study.DesignCross-sectional study of a representative sample in three French counties.Participants/settingThe sample included 2,630 participants aged 35 to 65 years from the MONA LISA-NUT study.Main outcome measuresFood consumption was measured with the FFQ and via food records for 3 consecutive days. Plasma fatty acids were measured from a subset of participants.Statistical analyses performedThe FFQ items' validity was assessed by calculating crude and deattenuated Pearson correlation coefficients between frequencies reported by the FFQ and average weights reported by the food records. Furthermore, the validity of some items of the FFQ measuring the consumption of fatty foods was assessed by calculating Pearson correlation coefficients between frequencies of consumption of these foods and dosages of the corresponding plasma fatty acids: fish and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), olive oil and oleic acid, margarine and elaidic acid, and dairy products and pentadecanoic and heptadecanoic acids.ResultsThe mean of the deattenuated Pearson correlation coefficients for all items was 0.46, with values ranging from 0.22 (fried food) to 0.77 (breakfast cereal). The correlation coefficient was ≤0.4 for one third of the 24 items. Moderate correlations were found between fish and EPA/DHA (EPA: r=0.43, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.51; DHA: r=0.39, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.47), but not for other food items.ConclusionsOne third of the 24 items in the short, qualitative FFQ evaluated here were not sufficiently valid. However, for the food groups most commonly studied in the literature, this FFQ had the same degree of validity as other questionnaires designed to classify subjects according to their level of intake.     

The food propensity questionnaire: concept, development, and validation for use as a covariate in a model to estimate usual food intake

OBJECTIVE: Twenty-four-hour recalls capture rich information on food consumption, but suffer from inadequately measuring usual intakes of episodically consumed foods. We explore using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data as covariates in a statistical model to estimate individual usual intakes of episodically consumed foods and their distributions and describe the development of the Food Propensity Questionnaire, an FFQ introduced in the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. DESIGN: We analyzed data from 965 adult participants in the Eating at America's Table Study who completed four 24-hour recalls and an FFQ. We assessed whether or not increasing FFQ-reported frequency was associated with both number of 24-hour recall consumption days and amounts reported. RESULTS: For 52 of 56 food groups (93%), and 218 of 230 individual foods (95%), there were significant monotonically increasing relationships between FFQ frequency and 24-hour recall probability of consumption. For 47 of 56 food groups (84%) and 55 of 230 (24%) individual foods, there were significant positive correlations between FFQ frequencies and consumption-day mean intake. CONCLUSIONS: We found strong and consistent relationships between reported FFQ frequency of food and food-group consumption and probability of consumption on 24-hour recalls. This supports the premise that frequency data may offer important covariate information in supplementing multiple recalls for estimating usual intake of food groups.     

Reliability and relative validity of a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire for use among adults in Italian population

Our objective was to assess the reliability and relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among adult people. In a cross-sectional study carried out in northern Italy, 112 adults were recruited. A total of 189 food and drink items were selected according to those typically consumed by Italians. FFQ reliability was assessed by two repeated administrations at 6 weeks. The FFQ was validated using four 24-h recalls repeated in the same period of time. For the validation study, classification into quartiles from the two methods and Bland–Altman plot were also performed. The reliability study showed a good correlation between the two methods. Bland–Altman plots showed that the two methods are very likely to agree for individual energy and macronutrient intakes. The reliability and relative validity of this FFQ was good, supporting its use in assessing dietary intakes of Italians in nutritional surveillance programs and in epidemiological dietary surveys.     

The Comparative Validity and Reproducibility of a Diet Quality Index for Adults: The Australian Recommended Food Score

Adult diet quality indices are shown to predict nutritional adequacy of dietary intake as well as all-cause morbidity and mortality. This study describes the reproducibility and validity of a food-based diet quality index, the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS). ARFS was developed to reflect alignment with the Australian Dietary Guidelines and is modelled on the US Recommended Food Score. Dietary intakes of 96 adult participants (31 male, 65 female) age 30 to 75 years were assessed in two rounds, five months apart. Diet was assessed using a 120-question semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The ARFS diet quality index was derived using a subset of 70 items from the full FFQ. Reproducibility of the ARFS between round one and round two was confirmed by the overall intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.87 (95% CI 0.83, 0.90), which compared favourably to that for the FFQ at 0.85 (95% CI 0.80, 0.89). ARFS was correlated with FFQ nutrient intakes, particularly fiber, vitamin A, beta-carotene and vitamin C (0.53, 95% CI 0.37–0.67), and with mineral intakes, particularly calcium, magnesium and potassium (0.32, 95% CI 0.23–0.40). ARFS is a suitable brief tool to evaluate diet quality in adults and reliably estimates a range of nutrient intakes.     

云锡矿工食物频率问卷的信度和效度研究

本文研究了云锡矿工肺癌高危人群普查中所使用的食物频率问卷的信度和效度。信度研究是将间隔一年的食物频率问卷资料相比较做相关分析;效度研究是以１９９５年四季２８天２４小时饮食回顾调查资料为标准,将食物频率问卷资料调查结果与其比较做相关分析。以一致率来评价膳食调查工具的可靠程度。     

Validation of a food frequency questionnaire for women with osteoporosis

The importance of nutrient intakes in osteoporosis prevention in treatment is widely recognized. The objective of the present study was to develop and validate a FFQ for women with osteoporosis. The questionnaire was composed of 60 items, separated into 10 groups. The relative validation was accomplished through comparison of the 3-Day Food Record (3DR) with the FFQ. The 3DR was applied to 30 elderly women with confirmed osteoporosis, and after 45 days the FFQ was administrated. Statistical analysis comprised the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Student T test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The agreement between two methods was evaluated by the frequency of similar classification into quartiles, and by the Bland-Altman method. No significant differences between methods were observed for the mean evaluated nutrients, except for carbohydrate and magnesium. Pearson correlation coefficients were positive and statistically significant for all nutrients. The overall proportion of subjects classified in the same quartile by the two methods was on average 50.01% and in the opposite quartile 0.47%. For calcium intake, only 3% of subjects were classified in opposite extreme quartiles by the two methods. The Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated that the differences obtained by the two methods in each subject were well distributed around the mean of the difference, and the disagreement increases as the mean intake increases. These results indicates that the FFQ for elderly women with osteoporosis presented here is highly acceptable and is an accurate method that can be used in large-scale or clinical studies for evaluation of nutrient intakes in a similar population.     

Fitting portion sizes in a self-administered food frequency questionnaire

For epidemiological studies, a simple semiquantitative FFQ was developed to assess the frequency of intake of food items demonstrated with graphically displayed portion sizes. As a validation study, a random sample of 393 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam Study completed 2 unannounced 24-h dietary recalls (24HDR) and the FFQ during 1 y. To calculate food and nutrient intakes, we compared the use of fitted portion sizes with the use of predefined portion sizes. Fitted portion sizes were calculated by summing food intakes over the 2 24HDR and dividing the sum by the frequency of intake reported in the FFQ for each FFQ food item, leading to similar mean intakes for FFQ and 24HDR. As predefined portion sizes, amounts that had been used in previous dietary assessments in EPIC-Potsdam were used. Mean intake of 12 food groups was 102% for men or women with fitted portion sizes and 79% for men and 95% for women with predefined portion sizes of intake measured with 2 24HDR. However, deattenuated, energy-adjusted correlation coefficients between FFQ and 24HDR were not better for 19 nutrients by the use of fitted portion sizes, with a mean correlation coefficient of 0.53 for men and 0.56 for women. Mean correlation coefficients for food groups also were similar for fitted and predefined portion sizes. Fitting portion sizes using recent reference data from a random sample of study participants improved the quantitative assessment of food and nutrient intake, but not ranking of study participants, compared with predefining portion sizes based on prior knowledge.     

Reproducibility and validity of an interviewer-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intake of urban adults in southern India

We report on the reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed for southern India. One hundred and two adult subjects aged > or =20 years drawn from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study participated. The FFQ was developed based on local foods and habits, and was administered three times at 0, 6 and 12 month periods (called FFQ1, FFQ2 and FFQ3) to assess the reproducibility. To test the validity of the FFQ, multiple 24-h recalls collected at 2-monthly intervals for a period of 1 year and the estimated energy intake/basal metabolic rate (EI/BMR) ratio were used. The 'EpiNu' in-house food and nutrient database was used to compile dietary intakes, which were analyzed for statistical analysis. The intraclass correlation coefficient for all three FFQs ranged from 0.72 for carbohydrates to 0.45 for folate. The de-attenuated Pearson correlation for the energy adjusted nutrients between FFQ3 and 24-h recalls ranged from 0.73 for carbohydrates to 0.35 for calcium. Bland and Altman plots for energy intake between the two methods showed the limits of agreement ranged from 768 to -1358 calories/day (+/-2 standard deviations). Misclassification was low for most of the nutrients. Under-reporting of the energy intake (EI/BMR ratio<1.2) was higher in females than males. This FFQ appears to be a robust tool to measure dietary intakes in southern India.     

Validity and Reproducibility of a Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Macro and Micro-Nutrient Intake among a Convenience Cohort of Healthy Adult Qataris

This study aimed at developing a valid culture-sensitive quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Qatari adults. A convenient sample of healthy Qataris (n = 107) were recruited from family members of Qatar University students. The Diet History Questionnaire II of the US National Cancer Institute was translated to Arabic language, back-translated to English, pilot tested, and then modified accordingly to be used in Qatari setting. Participants were asked to complete the translated version of the FFQ. This FFQ was then validated against three 24 h diet recall (24 hDR) including a weekend day. Participants were asked to complete the FFQ again after one-month period to measure its repeatability. Dietary data were analyzed using the dietary analysis software ESHA. The validity and reliability of FFQ were assessed by comparing the median intake of nutrients and foods and by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficients. The median nutrient intakes assessed by the second FFQ were higher than that reported in the baseline FFQ1 except for fat. The percentage of increase varies between 1.5% and 96%. Results of the second FFQ indicated an overestimation of intake for most nutrients (macro and micro). Macronutrient intakes assessed by the two FFQ and 24 hDR were strongly correlated. The correlation coefficients for micronutrient intakes between FFQ2 and 24hDR were lower than that of the two FFQs except for calcium (r = 0.55) and sodium (r = 0.643). They ranged from (−0.17) for fluorine to (0.643) for sodium. The agreement rates for classifying macronutrient intakes into same or adjacent quartile were between 79.4% and 100% for the two FFQs and between 71% and 100% for the second FFQ and 24hDR. The reported consumption of food groups estimated by FFQ2 was significantly higher than that reported by FFQ1. In conclusion, the developed FFQ was sufficiently valid to assess energy and macronutrients but not micronutrients. The reliability was adequate for most nutrients.