腰椎人工髓核假体置换后并发症及疗效评估

目的:总结分析腰椎人工髓核假体置换后并发症发生情况,在早期临床随访的基础上,比较人工髓核假体置换与传统开窗腰椎间盘髓核摘除治疗腰椎间盘突出症的中、远期疗效. 方法:选择2002-02/2005-08 南方医科大学附属南方医院脊柱骨病外科采用单枚人工髓核假体置换治疗单节段腰椎间盘突出症患者98例,获得24～60个月随访患者63例.另外随机选择同期同年龄段单节段腰椎间盘单纯开窗髓核摘除患者200例,获有效随访94例.采用Oswestry 功能障碍指数和Stauffer-coventry疗效评定标准评价疗效,影像学分析手术节段活动度和椎间隙高度变化情况,同时观察假体位置情况.腰椎活动度=后伸角度-前屈角度;椎间隙高度变化采用病变椎间隙前后缘高度均值与上位椎体中部矢状径的比值表示.结果:①单纯髓核摘除组8例患者术后复发,行二次椎间盘手术;人工髓核假体置换组3例假体脱出二次翻修将假体取出.其余患者治疗后临床症状均明显改善.②两组Oswestry 功能障碍指数各随访时间点均较术前明显降低,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05).③两组Stauffer-covenuy 疗效评估各随访时间点差异无显著性意义(P>0.05).④随访中远期(3.0～5.0年)人工髓核假体置换组手术节段腰椎活动度均优于单纯椎间盘摘除组,差异有显著意义(p<0.05).⑤人工髓核假体置换组椎间隙高度比值各随访时间点与术前比较,差异具有显著性意义(p<0.05).⑥主要并发症:人工髓核假体置换组早期出现术后一过性腰痛24例,假体脱出3例.中、远期发现假体下沉32例,软骨终板损伤39例.单纯髓核摘除组8例术后复发.所有病例无术后感染发生.结论:人工髓核假体置换存在较严重并发症,人工髓核假体置换与传统腰椎间盘开窗髓核摘除中、远期疗效无明显差异.     

人工髓核置换腰椎间盘成形术改善患者腰腿痛症状及腰椎活动度33例随访观察

背景人工髓核椎间盘成形术与人工椎间盘置换术相比,其手术创伤小,操作简单,手术风险也较小.目的观察人工髓核假体置换术对腰椎间盘突出症患者症状的恢复及腰椎活动度改善的效果.设计以患者为观察对象的自身前后对照.单位南方医科大学珠江医院骨科.对象2002-01/2003-10南方医科大学珠江医院收治的腰椎间盘突出症患者施行人工髓核置换术33例,男21例,女12例.方法患者均行人工髓核置换椎间盘成形术.术后3个月复查腰椎X射线观察椎间隙高度和形态.随访8个月.根据患者腰椎间盘突出症症状恢复情况(分为优、良、进步、差)进行腰椎功能测评.主要观察指标患者术后腰腿痛症状及腰椎活动度.结果按意向处理分析,33例患者均进入结果分析.随访时患者腰腿痛症状及腰椎活动度优29例,良好3例,差1例,优良率为96.97%(32/33).术后3个月X射线片显示29例保持正常形态和高度,3例未达到正常的高度,但较术前有增高,未发现邻近椎间隙退行性变加重.结论人工髓核置换椎间盘成形术可以有效的缓解患者腰腿痛症状,恢复脊柱节段的运动,减少邻近椎间隙和关节突的退行性变.     

老年腰椎间盘突出症患者单纯椎间植骨融合与金属椎间融合器植入的远期疗效比较

目的 比较金属椎间融合器（Cage）植入术与椎间植骨融合术在老年腰椎间盘突出症患者术后椎间稳定性的临床效果。方法 28例腰椎间盘突出老年患者在椎间盘摘除后,15例19个椎间隙采用Cage植入（A组）;13例17个椎间隙采用单纯椎间植骨融合术（B组）。随访比较术后1周、6个月、24个月各患者X线片及C T片,测量施术节段椎间高度变化,评估两种方法的椎间稳定性。结果 术后6个月A组在维持椎间隙高度方面强于B组;术后24个月A组较B组椎间隙高度低;B组2年后融合率（88．24％）大于A组（84．21％）;其差异均有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。结论 术后6个月之内Cage植入术对腰椎稳定性效果优于单纯椎间植骨融合术;但其的远期效果较差。     

人工髓核置换腰椎间盘成形术改善患者腰腿痛症状及腰椎活动度33例随访观察

背景：人工髓核椎间盘成形术与人工椎间盘置换术相比，其手术创伤小，操作简单，手术风险也较小。目的：观察人工髓核假体置换术对腰椎间盘突出症患症状的恢复及腰椎活动度改善的效果。设计：以患为观察对象的自身前后对照。单位：南方医科大学珠江医院骨科。对象：2002-01／2003-10南方医科大学珠江医院收治的腰椎间盘突出症患施行人工髓核置换术33例，男21例，女12例。方法：患均行人工髓核置换椎间盘成形术。术后3个月复查腰椎X射线观察椎间隙高度和形态。随访8个月。根据患腰椎间盘突出症症状恢复情况(分为优、良、进步、差)进行腰椎功能测评。主要观察指标：患术后腰腿痛症状及腰椎活动度。结果：按意向处理分析，33例患均进入结果分析。随访时患腰腿痛症状及腰椎活动度优29例，良好3例，差1例，优良率为96．97％(32／33)。术后3个月X射线片显示：29例保持正常形态和高度，3例未达到正常的高度，但较术前有增高，未发现邻近椎间隙退行性变加重。结论：人工髓核置换椎间盘成形术可以有效的缓解患腰腿痛症状，恢复脊柱节段的运动，减少邻近椎间隙和关节突的退行性变。     

后路环形融合与后外侧融合治疗腰椎滑脱的比较

【目的】比较后路环形融合后内固定术（PCF）与后外侧融合内固定术（PLF）治疗腰椎滑脱（LSL）的效果。【方法】48例LSL患者中26例行PCF（A组）,22例行PLF（B组）。比较两组患者术后的融合率、症状改善情况（JOA评分、VAS评分）以及术前、术后以及随访终末的滑脱角、腰椎前凸角、椎间隙高度。【结果】A组患者融合率为100％,B组融合率为81．82％,两组相比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组术后JOA、VAS评分较术前有明显改善（P〈0．05）,但组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组术后滑脱角、腰椎前凸角及椎间隙高度均较术前有明显改善（P〈0．05）,随访时PCF组滑脱角、椎间隙高度丢失程度明显低于PLF组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。【结论】两种后路融合术都是治疗LSL的有效术式,PCF联合椎弓根螺钉系统内固定是治疗LSL的一种可靠方法,能够提高脊柱的融合率并维持良好的椎间隙高度和形态及腰椎生理性前凸,特别是对中重度LSL患者,具有一定的优越性,应作为首选的手术方法。     

小切口椎板开窗髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症26例分析

目的探讨小切口椎板开窗髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法采用小切口、有限骶棘肌剥离和椎板开窗法髓核摘除术治疗单节段腰椎间盘突出症病例26例,分析临床疗效。结果 26例经6～30个月随访（平均16个月）,术后无腰椎滑脱发生。按Nakai疗效评定标准：优15例（57.7%）,良8例（30.8%）,可2例（7.7%）,差1例（3.9%）,88.5%的患者对手术疗效满意。结论小切口椎板开窗髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症,损伤小、恢复快、疗效确切。     

与人工髓核置换相关的国人腰椎间盘结构测量

背景:临床多根据影像资料中腰椎间盘径线尺寸来选择假体型号和预计置入数量。目的:以X射线片和MRI测量分析正常人腰椎间隙高度、腰椎间盘及髓核径线,获取与人工髓核假体相关的椎间盘基础数据。方法:随机抽取157名正常成年人标准腰椎侧位X射线片,测量腰椎间隙前缘、中点和后缘高度。随机抽取106名正常成年人腰椎MRI片,测量椎间盘及髓核的横径和矢状径。结果与结论:①X射线片:椎间隙自上而下逐渐增宽,腰椎间隙后高较低,近50%的L2/3、L3/4、L4/5椎间隙后高和约39.5%的L5/S1椎间隙后高位于7～9mm区间。②MRI片:腰椎间盘横径和矢状径从L2/3至L5/S1依次增大。约46.7%的椎间盘矢状径大于37mm,仅49.0%的髓核矢状径大于24mm;本组髓核平均横径33.5mm,平均矢状径23.4mm。髓核矢状径均大于12mm。约22.9%的髓核矢状径大于24mm。提示多数国内患者需行单枚PDN假体置入,7mm为最适用的PDN假体高度,临床不宜将椎间盘矢状径大于37mm作为国人PDN假体置入数量的术前预评价指标。     

复发性腰椎间盘突出症的再手术治疗

【目的】探讨复发性腰椎间盘突出症的原因及再手术治疗效果。【方法】本文总结复发性腰椎间盘突出再手术治疗31例。初次手术治疗方式：胶原酶注射治疗6例,单纯腰间隙椎板开窗12例（包括MED髓核摘除5例,半椎板切除8例,全椎板切除5例）。再次手术方式：采用扩大开窗或半椎板切除4例,全椎板切除7例,对于腰椎不稳摘除髓核的同时采用椎弓根螺钉内固定＋椎间植骨或横突间植骨19例。【结果】本组病例经过术后12-36个月（平均18个月）的随访,患者未再次发生腰腿痛的症状,椎间植骨均达到临床骨性融合,术前对比术后2周VAS评分及X线椎间隙的高度有明显改善（P〈0．05）,术后2年对比术后2周差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。【结论】对于复发性腰椎间盘突出症仔细分析原因,采用正确的术式,再手术治疗的效果是肯定的。     

腰椎间盘突出症再手术原因及疗效分析

【目的】探讨腰椎间盘突出症术后复发的原因,以及再手术治疗的方法和疗效。【方法】2000年1月至2006年12月腰椎间盘突出症复发病例共计45例,再手术方式为中央开窗椎间盘切除术28例,全椎板切除减压椎间盘切除术13例,全椎板切除减压椎间盘切除联合椎间植骨融合内固定术4例。【结果】45例患者经6-80个月随访,平均35个月,按Macnab疗效评定标准,优22例（48.89%）,良17例（37.78%）、可5例（11.11%）、差1例（2.22%）。【结论】腰椎间盘突出症术后复发主要原因为髓核摘除不彻底,术前及术中突出节段定位错误,腰椎节段性不稳,术式选择不当等,正确选择手术时机和方法,复发腰椎间盘突出症的再手术治疗仍可以获得满意效果。     

复发性腰椎间盘突出症的原因及手术疗效观察

[目的]探讨腰椎间盘突出症的复发因素及手术疗效.[方法]自2006年6月至2011年12月手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症328例,其中复发性腰椎间盘突出再手术治疗26例(其中外院转来11例).该26例初次手术治疗方式:①胶原酶注射治疗4例,②单纯椎板开窗及半椎板切除22例(包括MED髓核摘除6例,半椎板切除10例,全椎板切除6例).原手术部位:L3/45例,L4/5 13例,L5/S18例.再次手术方式:采用扩大开窗或半椎板切除4例,全椎板切除7例,对于腰椎不稳摘除髓核的同时采用椎弓根螺钉内固定十椎间植骨或横突间植骨15例.再次手术前均作动态X线片,CT或MRI影像检查.[结果]本组病例经过术后12～36个月(平均18个月)的随访,患者未再次发生腰腿痛的症状,椎间植骨均达到临床骨性融合,与术前对比术后2周VAS评分及X线椎间隙的高度有明显改善(P＜0.05),术后2年对比术后2周差异无显著性(P＞0.05).[结论]对于复发性腰椎间盘突出症仔细分析原因,采用正确的术式,再手术治疗的效果是肯定的.     

Artificial disc replacement--evolutionary treatment for degenerative disc disease

Back pain is a common problem that affects the majority of people at some point in their lives. Most back pain is not serious, but back pain caused by injury and aging can result in chronic pain that can last months, years, or indefinitely. Arthrodesis (ie, spinal, fusion) has been the treatment of choice for symptomatic degenerative disc disease that has not responded to conservative treatment modalities. Artificial disc replacement is a more recent option that preserves spinal motion but also recreates the natural function of the disc. The history of artificial disc replacement surgery, preoperative preparation, the surgical procedure, and postoperative recovery are discussed.     

MRI of the intervertebral disc in lumbar disc disease

Background. MRI of the intervertebral disc in discopathy of the lumbar spine have been presented.
Material and methods. a group of 51 patients clinically diagnosed as discopathy of the lumbar spine were subjected to three MR imaging procedures. Imaging was performed before surgery, 6 weeks after surgery, and 12 weeks after surgery.
Results. The MRI was consistent with the surgery findings in 88.2% of cases. Instead, images taken 6 weeks after surgery were non-characteristic and difficult to differentiate. In the spinal canal tissue was visible with the image similar to nucleus pulposus herniation, granulation from a growing haematoma, or after surgery scar. Twelve weeks after surgery, the MR image is characteristic and correlated with the patient's clinical state.
Conclusions.
1. MRI image allows an evaluation of intervertebral disc healing after discectomy.
2.MRI 12 weeks post-surgery correlates with patient's clinical symptoms.
3.MRI with Gd-DTPA contrast enhanced allows a precise analysis of the causes of unsatisfactory results of operative treatment.
     

椎间盘和椎间隙的影像学对比观察

目的 对椎体病变中椎体形态改变后MRI上相邻的椎间盘和X线平片上相应的椎间隙进行对照研究,分析二者变化之间的相关性,提高对X线平片的认识.方法 回顾性搜集41例同时行X线平片和MKI平扫检查的椎体病变资料,男25例,女16例,年龄5～82岁,平均49.3岁.对比观察X线上椎间隙和MRI上椎间盘的变化.结果 椎体病变中MRI上Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅳ型椎间盘在X线平片上多表现为椎间隙正常,少数表现为椎间隙变窄;Ⅲ型和V型椎间盘在X线平片上多表现为椎间隙变窄.结论 X线平片上椎间隙改变在一定程度上可以反映椎间盘的改变,但不能完全真实地反映椎间盘的改变.     

Anatomy of intervertebral disc and pathophysiology of herniated disc disease

This discussion reviews developments in normal and abnormal disc biology over the past decade. The anatomic and biochemical structure of the disc is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on recent neurochemical changes identified in disc degeneration and disc herniation. Biomechanical considerations for the normal disc are presented. Influence of mechanical factors on disc nutrition, disc degeneration and disc herniation is reviewed. Biologic events underlying the diagnostic methods used in evaluating disorders of the intervertebral disc are presented. The biologic consequences of iatrogenic disc injury in discectomy are also discussed.     

Result of laser-assisted disc ablation after unsuccessful percutaneous disc decompression

OBJECTIVE: The author assessed results of laser-assisted disc decompression (LADA) in patients who already had earlier unsuccessful percutaneous discectomy (PD) at the same level. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The efficacy of LADA after failed PD for the same disc level is not well established. However the literature does not suggest any contraindication to performing LADA in previously failed PD. METHODS: Prospective study of LADA after failed PD at the same disc level in 15 patients was done. Results were assessed clinically using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scale for an average follow up of 13 months. RESULTS: No patient had excellent recovery, 7 patients had poor recovery, 5 patients had fair recovery, and only 3 patients had good recovery. None of the patients had worsening of symptoms after the LADA. CONCLUSIONS: Repetition of another form of minimally invasive surgery by laser (Neo:Yag) for the same level of disc herniation after unsuccessful PD has low rate of success.     

腰腿痛患者关节突关节不对称与椎间盘退变和突出的关系

目的：研究腰腿痛患者关节突关节不对称与椎间盘退变和突出的关系。方法：通过151例腰腿痛患者CT片观察椎间盘突出状况和测定关节突关节角度,其中73例患者还做了MRI检查,了解关节突关节不对称与椎间盘退变的关系。结果：关节突关节不对称与椎间盘退变和突出有关,而椎间盘突出方向与关节面的偏向无关。结论：关节突关节不对称增加了椎间盘退变和突出的危险性。     

Medium-term outcomes of artificial disc replacement for severe cervical disc narrowing

ObjectiveTo determine if the Bryan cervical disc prosthesis could relieve objective neurological symptoms, signs, and restore mobility in patients with severe cervical disc narrowing.MethodsClinical data of thirty-two patients underwent Bryan cervical disc replacement has been collected from April 2006 to February 2010. Severe cervical disc narrowing with grade V disc degeneration were included in this study. Bryan cervical disc prostheses have been implanted through anterior approach. Japanese Orthopedics Association (JOA) score, visual analog scale, Odom's scale, and flexion-extension radiological follow-ups were applied for evaluations.ResultsA total of 41 Bryan disc prostheses from 32 patients with an average follow-up duration of 33.5 months (range 23 to 44 months) were evaluated. Clinical functions of patients were significantly improved. Preoperative averaged visual analog scale score of 6.3±2.2 was decreased to 1.3±1.2 (at 36 months, P<0.001), while preoperative averaged JOA score of 14.4±1.2 was increased to 16.3±0.9 (at 36 months, P<0.001). Thirty of 32 patients received excellent to good outcomes in Odom's scale. Averaged mobility was restored to (9.9±3.2)° at the last follow-up evaluation of 36 months. No subsidence or migration of implant was identified.ConclusionsAcceptable clinical outcome for treatment of severe cervical disc narrowing with cervical disc replacement technique has been performed in current study. Most patients maintained good postoperative mobility and no significant adjacent level degeneration were found. Cervical disc replacement may be applicable in treatment of severe cervical disc narrowing; however, longer follow-ups are required for ensuring the long-term efficacy of cervical disc replacement.