动态血压监测评价卡维地洛和美托洛尔的降压效应

目的 结合动态血压监测(ABPM)方法评价卡维地洛与美托洛尔对轻、中度高血压的降压效应.方法 高血压患者78例随机分为卡维地洛组(n=39)和美托洛尔组(n=39).分别给予卡维地洛(25～50 mg/d,1次/d)和美托洛尔(100～200mg/d,2次/d),治疗12周.观察服药前及服药后12周末的24 h、白昼、夜间及各时点的动态血压变化及谷/峰比.结果 卡维地洛组和美托洛尔组服药前、服药治疗后12周末的24 h、白昼、夜间的平均收缩压、舒张压明显下降,有显著性差异(P＜0.05或＜0.01).卡维地洛组服药后12周末各时点收缩压、舒张压较服药前明显下降,有显著性差异(P＜0.05).美托洛尔组服药后12周末各时点收缩压、舒张压较服药前下降,但服药后的第23～24 h夜间血压下降不明显(P＞0.05).两组治疗后平均收缩压(SBP)和平均舒张压(DBP)的谷/峰比(T/P值)分别是63%/57%,和59%/51%.结论 卡维地洛可维持24 h平稳降压;美托洛尔仅能维持22 h内血压下降;两者均有满意的谷/峰比.     

动态血压监测比较两种β1受体阻滞剂的降压疗效

目的 :用动态血压监测 (ABPM )的方法比较两种 β1受体阻滞剂———贝凡洛尔 (bevantolol)与美托洛尔 (metoprolol)治疗原发性高血压的疗效。方法 :选择原发性高血压患者 5 0例 ,随机分为贝凡洛尔组 2 4例 ,美托洛尔组 2 6例。分别观察服药前和服药后 8周末的 2 4h、白昼、夜间及各时点的动态血压变化。结果 :贝凡洛尔组和美托洛尔组服药前、服药后 8周末的 2 4h、白昼和夜间的平均收缩压、舒张压明显下降 ,有显著性差异(P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。贝凡洛尔组服药后 8周末各时点收缩压和舒张压均较服药前下降 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。美托洛尔组服药后 8周末各时点的收缩压和舒张压较服药前下降 ,但服药后的第 2 3～ 2 4h血压下降不明显 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :贝凡洛尔 ( 10 0～ 2 0 0mg/d ,分两次口服 )可维持 2 4h平稳降压 ;美托洛尔 ( 10 0～ 15 0mg/d ,分两次口服 )仅能维持 2 2h内血压下降。     

动态血压监测评价替米沙坦对老年高血压的疗效

目的:用动态血压监测(ABPM)方法评价替米沙坦治疗老年轻、中度原发性高血压的降庄疗效、顺应性、安全性及耐受性。方法:采用自身对照方法,观察替米沙坦对57例老年原发性高血压患者服药前和服药后24周末的24h、白昼、夜间及各时点的动态血压变化及对各代谢参数的影响。结果:替米沙坦服药24周末的24h、白昼和夜间的平均收缩压、舒张压明显下降,有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:替米沙坦是一种疗效好并能平稳、持续、安全降压的药物特别适合老年原发性高血压患者。     

动态血压观察卡维地洛降压疗效

目的 :观察卡维地洛的降压疗效。方法 :服用安慰剂 10～ 14 d后服用卡维地洛 10～ 40mg/ d,上午 8时顿服 ,总疗程为 4周 ,共治疗轻中度原发性高血压 ( EH)患者 2 5例。采用血压监测仪测定 2 4h动态血压。结果 :治疗 4周后 2 4h平均血压、白昼及夜间平均血压、血压负荷值均较用药前显著下降 ( P <0 .0 1) ,收缩压和舒张压的谷 /峰比值分别降低 5 4.1%和 65 .6%。结论 :卡维地洛每日 1次投药能有效地控制轻中度 EH患者 2 4h血压水平。     

老年高血压患者动态血压与脉搏波传导速度的相关性

目的探讨老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律、血压负荷、脉压、血压变异系数等与肱-腘动脉脉搏波传导速度(ba PWV)之间的关系。方法按JNC7指南高血压的诊断标准,选择老年高血压患者342例,行动态血压监测和ba PWV测定,取左侧(Lba PWV)、右侧(Rba PWV)测定的高值来分析,以ba PWV 1 400 cm/s为界值,将入选病人分为ba PWV≥1 400 cm/s组、ba PWV1 400 cm/s组两组,对比分析两组间的24 h平均收缩压、24h平均舒张压、24 h平均脉压、白昼平均收缩压、白昼平均舒张压、白昼平均脉压、夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压、夜间平均脉压、白昼收缩压负荷(%)、白昼舒张压负荷(%)、夜间收缩压负荷(%)、夜间舒张压负荷(%)、白昼收缩压变异系数、白昼舒张压变异系数、夜间收缩压变异系数、夜间舒张压变异系数、夜间收缩压下降率(%)、夜间舒张压下降率(%)等参数之间的差异。结果 ba PWV≥1 400 cm/s组与ba PWV1 400 cm/s组比较,ba PWV≥1 400 cm/s组的24 h平均收缩压、24 h平均舒张压、24平均脉压、白昼平均收缩压、白昼平均舒张压、白昼平均脉压、夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压、夜间平均脉压、白昼收缩压负荷(%)、白昼舒张压负荷(%)、夜间收缩压负荷(%)、夜间舒张压负荷(%)均明显高于ba PWV1 400 cm/s组(P0.05~P0.001);ba PWV≥1 400 cm/s组的白昼收缩压变异系数、白昼舒张压变异系数、夜间收缩压变异系数、夜间舒张压变异系数、夜间收缩压下降率(%)、夜间舒张压下降率(%)均明显低于对照组(P0.05~P0.001)。结论老年高血压患者的任一时段的平均血压、平均脉压、血压负荷(%)与ba PWV的增高明显呈正相关。夜间血压下降率、血压变异系数与ba PWV呈负相关。     

吲达帕胺及(或)非洛地平对老年高血压患者动态血压的影响

目的探讨降压药物吲达帕胺缓释片联合非洛地平缓释片在老年高血压患者中的降压效果。方法选择老年高血压病患者150例,平均年龄(65±4)岁,按就诊顺序随机分3组:分别给予吲达帕胺缓释片1.5mg/d、非洛地平缓释片5mg/d和吲达帕胺缓释片1.5mg/d+非洛地平缓释片5mg/d,疗程3个月。观察治疗前后24h、白昼及夜间平均收缩压/舒张压和平均收缩压/舒张压负荷以及平均心率。结果治疗结束时3组24h、白昼和夜间平均收缩压/舒张压均较服药前明显下降;血压负荷值亦明显减少;而联合治疗组与单药治疗组比较下降更明显,差异具有统计学意义。治疗前后心率没有明显变化。结论小剂量长效利尿剂联合钙拮抗剂治疗高血压疗效显著,稳定性好,不良反应少。老年高血压病患者应尽量选择长效利尿剂联合钙拮抗剂。     

氨氯地平片联合厄贝沙坦或美托洛尔对高血压患者血压变异和血压晨峰现象的影响

目的观察氨氯地平联合厄贝沙坦或美托洛尔缓释片对高血压患者血压变异和血压晨峰现象的影响。方法将120例高血压患者分为两组,每组各60例,两组各有血压晨峰现象患者29例,分别采用氨氯地平联合厄贝沙坦与氨氯地平联合美托洛尔缓释片进行干预,观察两组动脉压、血压变异和晨峰现象,评价两种药物组合的临床效果。结果治疗20周后,厄贝沙坦组患者24小时平均收缩压(24hSBP)、白昼平均收缩压(dSBP)、夜间平均收缩压(nS-BP)均低于美托洛尔组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);美托洛尔组24小时动态收缩压变异值(24hSBPV)、24小时动态舒张压变异值(24hDBPV)、白昼平均收缩压变异值(dSBPV)、白昼平均舒张压变异值(dDBPV)均低于厄贝沙坦组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);美托洛尔组血压晨峰(MBPS)改善幅度优于厄贝沙坦组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论氨氯地平联合厄贝沙坦组降压幅度优于氨氯地平联合美托洛尔组,而减低血压变异和控制晨峰现象,以氨氯地平联合美托洛尔组效果更佳。     

咪达普利治疗老年高血压患者的动态血压观察

目的:观察咪达普利对轻、中度老年高血压患者的治疗效果。方法:口服咪达普利,观察治疗前后诊室血压、24h动态血压(ABPM)变化及血压谷/峰值。结果:治疗后诊室血压总有效率86.49%,其中收缩压下降12.39%,舒张压下降15.12%;24hABPM:白昼、夜间均值比治疗前均显著下降(P<0.01);降低收缩压和舒张压的谷/峰比值分别为60.7%和73.1%。结论:咪达普利对轻、中度老年高血压有持续稳定的降压效果。     

高血压合并急性脑梗死患者的动态血压特征

目的研究高血压合并急性脑梗死患者的动态血压特征。方法选取2011年10月～2013年6月在河北联合大学附属医院住院的高血压患者262例,按照是否合并急性脑梗死或无症状脑梗死,分为急性脑梗死组(n=86),无症状脑梗死组(n=82),非脑梗死组(n=94),比较三组24h平均收缩压、白昼平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压、24h平均舒张压、白昼舒张压、夜间舒张压、白昼收缩压负荷、夜间收缩压负荷、白昼舒张压负荷、夜间舒张压负荷情况。结果与非脑梗死组比较,急性脑梗死组患者的24h平均收缩压、白昼平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压均增高,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。无症状脑梗死组与非脑梗死组及急性脑梗死组患者24h平均收缩压、白昼平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压比较,无显著统计学差异(P均0.05)。与非脑梗死组比较,无症状脑梗死组和急性脑梗死组患者的24h平均舒张压、白昼平均舒张压、夜间平均舒张压均无显著统计学差异(P0.05)。与非脑梗死组患者比较,急性脑梗死组、无症状脑梗死组患者的白昼收缩压负荷、夜间收缩压负荷、白昼舒张压负荷、夜间舒张压负荷均显著增高,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)结论临床治疗中,对于无症状性脑梗死患者降压时以降低血压负荷为主,而出现急性脑梗死并发症时应降低收缩压兼顾降低血压负荷。     

雷米普利不同给药时间对血压昼夜节律的影响

目的观察不同时间服用雷米普利对患者血压水平及异常血压昼夜节律(非杓型)的作用,探讨患者最佳服药方式。方法选择非杓型高血压患者144例,随机分为晨起服药组和睡前服药组,晨起服药组7∶00,睡前服药组晚8∶00早给予雷米普利5 mg/d口服,分别于6个月、12个月复查24 h动态血压监测。观察两组血压变化、恢复杓型血压节律情况及晨峰血压。结果两组用药后24 h平均收缩压(SBP)及舒张压(DBP)均低于用药前(P0.05),但睡前服药组较晨起服药组晨峰血压下降更明显(P0.05)。结论不同时间服用雷米普利均能达到降压效果,但非杓型高血压患者夜间服药有利于恢复杓型血压节律,控制血压晨峰现象。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.