Short and long-term outcomes of minimally invasive central pancreatectomy: Comparison with minimally invasive spleen-preserving subtotal distal pancreatectomy

BackgroundCentral pancreatectomy(CP) is more complex surgery and higher complication rate than distal pancreatectomy(DP). However, with the development of minimally invasive surgery, CP has become a safer surgery technique. In this study, we compare minimally invasive CP(MI-CP) and Minimally invasive spleen-preserving subtotal DP(MI-SpSTDP) to figure out the short-term and long-term outcomes of MI-CP.MethodsFrom March 2007 to June 2020, 36 cases of MI-SpSTDP and 23 cases of MI-CP were performed for benign and borderline malignant pancreatic tumors in Severance hospital. The occurrence of postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF) and Clavian-Dindo classification grade 3 or more in the two group was investigated, and the Controlling nutritional status scores(CONUT score) before and 1-year after surgery were compared to determine the long-term outcomes of exocrine function.ResultsThere was no difference in postoperative complications including POPF between the two groups(17.4% vs 5.1%, p = 0.294). And there were no statistical differences in either the MI-CP group (0.74 ± 0.75 vs. 0.78 ± 0.99, p = 0.803) or the MI-SpSTDP group (0.86 ± 0.83 to 0.61 ± 0.59, p = 0.071).ConclusionsMI-CP had longer operation time and hospital stay and is safe and effective in preserving endocrine and exocrine functions in treatment of benign or borderline tumors located at the neck or proximal body of the pancreas.     

机器人手术系统行胰腺中段切除的临床应用

目的初步研究利用机器人手术系统行胰腺中段切除术的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析解放军总医院2015年3月至2016年6月期间行机器人胰腺中段切除术的病人的临床资料。结果共开展8例机器人胰腺中段切除术,均顺利完成,达到R0切除,无中转开腹,其中行胰胃吻合术3例,胰肠吻合术5例。手术平均时长为(283±43)min,术中平均出血量为(94±27)ml。实性假乳头状瘤4例,神经内分泌肿瘤2例,导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm,IPMN)1例,囊腺瘤1例。术后平均住院时间为(9.3±0.7)d,所有病人均康复出院,无病人死亡。结论机器人胰腺中段切除术技术上安全、可行,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

腹腔镜胰体尾切除术28例分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胰体尾切除术(laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy,LDP)的可行性及临床价值。方法回顾分析2014年5月至2016年9月28例施行LDP病人的临床资料。28例病人中,男性9例,女性19例,年龄17~69岁。结果 16例LDP联合脾脏切除,7例行Kimura法保脾LDP,5例行Warshaw法保脾LDP。术后病理:胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤2例,黏液性囊腺瘤9例,实性假乳头状瘤6例,导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm,IPMN)3例,胰岛素瘤3例,胰腺假性囊肿1例,慢性胰腺炎1例,胰腺癌3例。全组病人平均手术时间为(203±54)min;平均术中出血量为(115±138)ml。平均术后下床活动时间为(1.4±0.6)d;平均术后首次进食时间为(2.0±0.8)d;平均术后住院时间为(10±5)d。术后发生胰瘘9例(32.1%),其中A级胰瘘6例,未予特殊处理,自然痊愈;B级胰瘘3例,均经冲洗引流后痊愈。术后发生脾部分梗死2例,未予特殊处理,经3个月随访观察自然痊愈。结论 LDP安全可行,具有微创优势,值得推广应用。     

Multivisceral central pancreatectomy for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: A case report on a novel surgical technique

IntroductionCentral pancreatectomy (CP) is considered a viable alternative to subtotal distal pancreatectomy, for lesions involving the neck or proximal pancreatic body. Multivisceral central pancreatectomy (MVCP) for locally advanced tumors of the pancreatic body remains unreported.Presentation of caseWe hereby report a case of locally advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET) with gastric involvement. The patient underwent successful central pancreatectomy with subtotal gastrectomy for locally advanced NET of the pancreas. In the follow up period, relevant complications like pancreatic insufficiency or pancreatic fistula were not encountered. The patient is doing well more than ten months after resection.DiscussionA MVCP can be considered in patients with limited pancreatic involvement, as long as sufficient pancreatic parenchyma can be preserved. Additional organ involvement mandating resection should not be considered a contra indication to this procedure. With careful surgical planning and meticulous technique, risk of post operative complications after MVCP can be minimized with added benefit of long term endocrine and exocrine integrity.ConclusionsCP is a viable alternative and can be performed with adjacent organ resection, with acceptable post operative outcomes.     

Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy as the total biopsy of the pancreas: tool of minimally invasive surgery

Because of recent progress in imaging modalities, the opportunities to detect pancreatic cystic neoplasms are increasing. However, serous cystadenoma is still uncommon. We report a case of serous cystadenoma treated by laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. A 52-year-old woman presented with mild upper abdominal pain. Dynamic computed tomography (CT) revealed a solitary cystic lesion 3cm in diameter in the pancreatic tail. Endoscopic ultrasound showed a honeycomb pattern, indicative of serous cystadenoma. To obtain the final diagnosis of the tumor, we performed laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. A histopathological study showed microcystadenoma with no evidence of malignancy.     

中段胰腺切除术与远端胰腺切除术术后并发症及远期生存质量比较的meta分析

目的探讨中段胰腺切除术和远端胰腺切除术术后并发症的差异和远期生存质量的区别。方法计算机检索在2015年12月31日前在Medline、Embase、Web of science、Science direct、Springer link、Cochrane center数据库上公开发表的关于CP和DP手术术式选择的随机对照试验或严格设计的临床对照试验。按纳入排除标准由2位研究者独立进行文献筛选(PRISMA标准)、资料提取和方法学质量评价后,采用Rev Man 5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入文献10篇,共包含病例数797例,其中行CP例数为355例,行DP例数为442例。Meta分析表明:在术后并发症方面:CP和DP在术后胰瘘[RR=1.46,95%CI(1.07~2.10),P=0.02]、手术时间[WMD 33.40,95%CI(16.36,50.43),P=0.0001];术中失血量[WMD-129.06,95%CI(-233.28,-24.84),P=0.02]和术后总体并发症[RR 1.30,95%CI(1.05,1.62),P=0.02]的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。而在术后的住院时间、再手术、出血和病死率的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。远期胰腺内分泌功能障碍[RR=1.46,95%CI(1.07~2.10),P0.05]、胰腺外分泌功能不全[RR=0.61,95%CI(0.44~0.86),P=0.004]的差异有统计学意义。结论中段胰腺切除术由于在术后胰腺内分泌功能障碍和外分泌功能不全低于远端胰腺切除术,值得临床上推广,但需要严格把握手术指征和术后管理,但仍需多中心、大样本、前瞻性RCT研究验证。     

胰腺中段切除术在胰腺疾病中应用(附17例报告)

目的 探讨胰腺中段切除术在治疗胰腺颈体部疾病的可行性及临床应用价值.方法 回顾分析西安交通大学第一附属医院2006年6月～2012年3月17例胰腺颈体部疾病患者实施胰腺中段切除术的临床资料,胰岛细胞瘤4例(2例为无功能性),黏液性囊腺瘤4例,浆液性囊腺瘤3例,实性假乳头状瘤3例,非侵袭性胰管内乳头状粘液癌2例(病理科已核实),外伤胰腺颈体部横断伤1例.结果 17例均行胰腺中段切除,胰体空肠Roux-en-Y吻合14例,胰头、胰体空肠双吻合3例,术后胰瘘5例(29.4％),出血2例(11.8％),经非手术治疗后痊愈.随访时间5个月-2年,1例因腹腔转移多器官衰竭术后5个月死亡;1例术后8个月因心脑血管疾病死亡;其余均存活,且随访期血糖监测正常,无其它并发症.结论 对于胰腺颈体部良性或低度恶性肿瘤,胰腺中段切除术是一种比较理想的手术方式,该术式能最大程度保留胰腺组织,维持胰腺的内、外分泌功能,维持上消化道连续性,可获得满意的治疗效果.     

机器人手术系统在胰腺中段切除术中的应用

目的:探讨机器人手术系统用于胰腺中段切除术的可行性、安全性及优势.方法:回顾分析2010年3月至2012年3月应用机器人手术系统为10例患者行胰腺中段切除术的临床资料,并与同期收治的36例开腹胰中段切除术进行对比分析.结果:机器人组手术均获成功,无一例中转开腹.手术时间150 ～ 330 min,平均(219.0±47...     

Initial experience with hand-assisted laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy

Background Hand-assisted laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy, with or without splenectomy, is gradually gaining acceptance, although its ultimate benefit is yet to be confirmed. This study aimed to report our initial experience with hand-assisted laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. Methods A retrospective review of a prospectively collected database including 17 patients during the period 2002–2004 was conducted. The median age was 60 years (range, 29–85 years), and the female-to-male ratio was 13:4. The preoperative diagnoses included benign and malignant conditions. Besides two to three ports, a hand port was placed in the upper midline to aid in dissection. The pancreas was divided with a stapler in all the patients, and drains were placed in 10 patients (70%). Results One patient was found to be unresectable because of celiac artery involvement, and 2 of the remaining 16 patients underwent conversion to an open procedure. The median operating time was 196 min (range, 128–235 min). The mean tumor size was 4 cm (range, 2–7 cm), and the estimated blood loss was 125 ml (range, 50–1,250 ml). The median time to resumption of a regular diet was 3.5 days (range, 2–9 days), and the time to conversion to oral pain medications was 3 days (range, 2–9 days). The length of hospital stay was 5.5 days (range, 4–18 days), with a majority of the patients (11 patients, 78%) staying less than 7 days. There were no mortalities. The overall postoperative morbidity rate was 25%, and the morbidities consisted of pancreatic leak/fistula (2 patients, 14%) and fever (1 patient). The margins were negative in 10 (76%) of the relevant 13 patients. At a median follow-up period of 3.8 months (range, 5–14 months), 11 (84%) of 13 patients had no evidence of disease recurrence. Conclusions The minimally invasive approach to pancreatic disease is safe and technically feasible. Further large studies with longer follow-up periods are necessary to determine the role of laparoscopic surgery in the management of pancreatic disease.     

Distal pancreatectomy with or without radical approach,vascular resections and splenectomy: Easier does not always mean easy

Because distal pancreatectomy (DP) has no reconstructive steps and less frequent vascular involvement, it is thought to be the easier counterpart of pancreaticoduodenectomy. This procedure has a high surgical risk and the overall incidences of perioperative morbidity (mainly pancreatic fistula), and mortality are still high, in addition to the challenges that accompany delayed access to adjuvant therapies (if any) and prolonged impairment of daily activities. Moreover, surgery to remove malignancy of the body or tail of the pancreas is associated with poor long-term oncological outcomes. From this perspective, new surgical approaches, and aggressive techniques, such as radical antegrade modular pancreato-splenectomy and DP with celiac axis resection, could lead to improved survival in those affected by more locally advanced tumors. Conversely, minimally invasive approaches such as laparoscopic and robotic surgeries and the avoidance of routine concomitant splenectomy have been developed to reduce the burden of surgical stress. The purpose of ongoing surgical research has been to achieve significant reductions in perioperative complications, length of hospital stays and the time between surgery and the beginning of adjuvant chemotherapy. Because a dedicated multidisciplinary team is crucial to pancreatic surgery, hospital and surgeon volumes have been confirmed to be associated with better outcomes in patients affected by benign, borderline, and malignant diseases of the pancreas. The purpose of this review is to examine the state of the art in distal pancreatectomies, with a special focus on minimally invasive approaches and oncological-directed techniques. The widespread reproducibility, cost-effectiveness and long-term results of each oncological procedure are also taken into deep consideration.     

Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for inflammatory pseudotumor of the pancreas

An 82-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain, nausea, emesis, and weight loss of ~25 lb over 6 months. A CT scan and MRI of the abdomen revealed a mass in the tail of the pancreas that was suspicious for malignancy. The patient underwent successful laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy and was discharged home on the 4th postoperative day after an uneventful course. Pathology revealed an inflammatory pseudotumor of the pancreas (IPT). Pancreatic IPT is a rare entity, and this case represents the first report of laparoscopic resection of this lesion. The presentation, diagnosis, histologic features, and therapy of IPT of the pancreas are reviewed.     

机器人辅助胰体尾切除：从切脾到保脾

目的 回顾性分析15例行胰腺机器人手术患者的资料,探讨达芬奇机器人辅助外科系统在胰腺外科领域中的运用.方法：达芬奇机器人辅助开展15例胰体尾切除手术,5例实施胰体尾联合脾切除,10例开展保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术,分析手术时间、术中出血、术后并发症和出院时间等相关指标.结果 15例手术均顺利完成,无中转开腹.术中平均出血量在213 ml,平均手术总用时276 min,平均手术时间242 min,均未输血.术后并发症发生率26.67％.后期开展的10例保脾胰体尾切除手术均成功保留了脾血管和脾脏.结论 机器人手术系统是传统腔镜手术的一个巨大飞跃,能够实现更精细的微创手术操作,实现外科手术中脏器和功能的保留,在胰腺外科领域更能体现其优势和特点,因此有着非常广阔的运用前景.     

机器人食管裂孔疝修补联合胰腺中段切除、端端吻合术

目的探讨利用机器人手术系统的优势联合进行食管裂孔疝无张力修补与胰腺中段切除、端端吻合术的可行性。 方法优化胰腺中段切除的微创手术入路,利用机器人先行食管裂孔疝的疝内容物的松解复位、缩小裂孔、安放固定补片与胃底折叠术,随后继续进行胰腺中段切除,在近、远两端胰管内置入8号管后行胰腺端端吻合术。 结果避免二次手术与减少手术操作孔数,术后患者恢复良好。复查CT显示胃底复位良好,胰腺肿瘤已切除,胰腺端端吻合处对位良好、支架管在位;术后病理提示近、远端切缘净。 结论经文献检索,本病例报告是国内首例机器人经腹食管裂孔疝无张力修补、胃底折叠术联合胰腺中段切除、胰管成形、端端吻合术。本病例利用机器人联合手术治疗的成功有助于将来可能进行的多疾病联合手术治疗提供经验与思路。     

Central pancreatectomy revisited

Central pancreatectomy is a surgical procedure that removes the middle segment of the pancreas and preserves the distal pancreas and spleen. This limited resection has the advantage of conserving normal, uninvolved pancreatic parenchyma, thus reducing the possibility of postoperative exocrine and endocrine dysfunction. While the incidence of postoperative endocrine insufficiency may be as low as 4%, procedural morbidity, specifically pancreatic fistula, appears to exceed the published rates for standard resections (i.e., distal/subtotal pancreatectomy or pancreaticoduodenectomy). We have reviewed our prospective pancreatic cancer database to determine the utilization of central pancreatectomy in a major cancer center with expertise in pancreatic surgery. We identified only 10 cases of central pancreatectomy over the past 13 years. Six (60%) had postoperative complications including three cases (30%) of pancreatic fistula. No patients died as a result of the procedure. At a median follow-up of 13.6 months (mean, 25.2 months), only one patient had mild endocrine insufficiency and no patients had clinically significant exocrine dysfunction. The associated morbidity of central pancreatectomy may outweigh any potential benefit in long-term pancreatic secretory function. We suggest that such a procedure be used selectively, where preservation of the pancreas appears essential.     

Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for Wilms' tumor: oncologic considerations

Wilms' tumor is the most common malignant renal tumor of childhood. Surgical resection is an important aspect of therapy and is traditionally performed through an open transabdominal approach. The advent of advanced laparoscopic techniques for benign renal lesions has led to interest in applying a minimally invasive approach to Wilms' tumors in children. We describe a 2-year-old girl who presented with a right renal mass measuring 18 × 13 cm with peritoneal seeding and pulmonary metastatic disease. Wilms' tumor was confirmed on open biopsy. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, a laparoscopic resection of the tumor with right radical nephroureterectomy, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, and resection of peritoneal metastases was achieved using one 12-mm and four 5-mm ports. The specimens were removed in an endoscopic retrieval bag through a small Pfannenstiel incision by extending the 12-mm port site. The patient had an uncomplicated recovery and was discharged on the fifth post-operative day. She remains disease free at 19 months postoperatively. Minimally invasive techniques may be considered for resection of Wilms' tumor provided oncologic principles are carefully followed.     

Laparoscopic colorectal resection

Background. The aim of the present study was to evaluate retrospectively the experience of six surgical units currently performing laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Methods. From November 1991 to January 1994, 200 patients (103 male, 97 female; mean age 62.5 years) were candidates for, and received, laparoscopic colorectal resection for benign (54) or malignant (196) lesions. All the units excluded patients with locally advanced organ tumors and all cases with suspected perforation and ascites. One center submitted to laparoscopic resection only stage I and IV adenocarcinoma. All surgeons considered obesity a relative contraindication.The following data were analyzed: indications, conversion rate to open surgery, operative time, morbidity and mortality, resumption of gastrointestinal function, number of lymph nodes harvested, hospital stay. Results. Twenty-one out of 200 patients were converted to open surgery (10.5%); 37 patients had a complete laparoscopic procedure (17.1%); 137 had an assisted resection (68.5%); and the remaining 5 patients had a facilitated resection. The mean operative time was 208 min (90–480) for assisted resection and 275 min (54–550) for complete laparoscopic resection. The mortality rate was 1.7%; the overall morbidity was 19.6% (major complications 11.2%). All patients quickly became ambulatory and showed a prompt resumption of gastrointestinal functions, and less postoperative pain if compared with converted cases. The average number of lymph nodes was 12.1 (range 1–32). The mean hospital stay was 8.6 days (range 5–14.5). The mean follow-up was 16 months (range 6–24). The recurrence rate 11.7%. Conclusions: Laparoscopy seems to offer the possibility of minimally invasive treatment, but long-term follow-up is needed to evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of colorectal cancer.