冠心病患者检测糖化血红蛋白诊断2型糖尿病的可行性

目的：探讨冠心病患者中糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)诊断糖尿病(DM)的理想切点及可行性。方法选择经冠脉造影确诊的冠心病患者158例,所有患者均行空腹血糖、2 h OGTT和糖化血红蛋白检测,采用受试者工作特征曲线( ROC曲线)进行判断,得到诊断DM的HbA1c值,计算最佳切点。结果158例入选的冠心病患者中,平均HbA1c为(6.27±1.04)%;诊断为正常糖耐量(NGT)37例,HbA1c为(5.32±0.08)%;糖调节受损(IGR)52例,HbA1c为(6.03±0.36)%;DM 69例,HbA1c为(6.96±1.11)%。糖代谢异常的发生率为76.6%。通过绘制ROC曲线,得到HbA1c与诊断DM 相关的临界点为6.35%,敏感性和特异性分别为67%和95%,曲线下面积为0.88(95%CI 0.823-0.935)。结论 HbA1c≥6.35%作为筛查DM切点具有较高敏感度与特异度,可作为临床DM 筛查的切点。     

石家庄市中老年人群HbA1c诊断2型糖尿病可行性研究

目的 探讨中老年人群中糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)诊断糖尿病(DM)的理想切点及可行性.方法 采用分层随机抽样方法选择石家庄市9个社区,居住5年以上年龄≥45岁的社区居民,进行横断面流行病学调查,共调查1 845例.其中符合入选条件的1 244例行口服75 g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT);测定空腹血糖、服糖后2h血糖及HbA1c.采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)进行判断,得到以OGTT诊断DM的HbA1c值,计算最佳切点.并与OGTT标准比较,评价两者对于DM诊断率的差异.结果 按照1999年WHO的DM诊断标准,研究人群中糖耐量正常(NGT)467例,空腹血糖受损(IFG)92例,糖耐量低减(IGT)198例,合并IFG+IGT 97例,新诊断糖尿病(NDDM)390例.通过绘制ROC曲线,得到HbA1c诊断DM相关的临界点为6.2％,敏感性和特异性分别为66.8％和96.1％,曲线下面积为0.859(95％ CI为0.829 ～ 0.890).与OGTT结果的符合率为75.9％.以HbA1c≥6.2％作为DM诊断切点,阳性似然比(+LR)17.13,阴性似然比(-LR)0.35,阳性预测值(+PV)74.3％,阴性预测值(-PV)77.1％.结论 以HbA1c≥6.2％作为石家庄市中老年人群诊断DM的切点具有较高的敏感度与特异度.可作为临床DM筛查的切点.     

糖化血红蛋白在糖尿病筛查中的应用及意义

目的探讨评价糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)在糖尿病(DM)高危受试者筛查中的应用及意义。方法对2013年1月~2014年6月来湖北省十堰市太和医院体检或门诊筛查的DM高危人群586例口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),并测定HbA1c、胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、空腹血糖(FPG)和2h血糖(2hPG),根据WHO的OGTTDM诊断标准,分为糖耐量正常组(NGT)、糖耐量受损(IGT)组、空腹血糖受损(IFG)组、IFG合并IGT组和DM组,利用ROC曲线分析HbA1c和FPG诊断DM的最佳切点,并评价诊断效果。结果根据ROC曲线,HbA1c诊断DM的最佳临界值为6.32%,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.914(95%CI0.872~0.935),灵敏度为93.3%,特异度为90.7%;FPG诊断DM的最佳临界值为6.95mmol/L,AUC为0.906(95%CI0.854~0.942),灵敏度为91.8%,特异度为89.3%。HbA1c和FPG的DM诊断准确度差异无统计学意义(Z=1.55,P>0.05)。结论HbA1c对DM诊断具有重要的价值,最佳切点为6.35%,这与以往的报道有一定的出入,分析原因可能与当地受试者的饮食和生活习惯有关。HbA1c对DM的诊断仍需进一步收集大样本资料,确定HbA1c对湖北省DM高危人群的诊断最佳切点、灵敏度和特异性。     

HbA1c诊断农村中老年人群糖尿病及糖调节受损的切点分析

目的:探讨糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)诊断农村中老年人群糖尿病(DM)及糖调节受损(IGR)的切点。方法:乐清市某社区为明确DM诊断而来院体检者和DM高危人群接受DM筛查者共749例,分为DM组141例、IGR组267例及糖代谢正常组(NGR组)341例,利用ROC曲线分析HbA1c诊断DM和IGR的最佳切点。结果:HbA1c诊断DM的最佳切点为6.1%,灵敏度和特异度分别为67.1%和83.7%。诊断IGR的最佳切点为5.8%,灵敏度和特异度分别为56.9%和56.1%。进一步分析显示,男性HbA1c诊断DM和IGR的最佳切点为6.1%和5.5%;而女性HbA1c诊断DM和IGR的最佳切点为6.3%和5.8%。结论:浙南农村中老年人群中,HbA1c诊断DM和IGR的最佳切点为6.1%和5.8%,低于美国糖尿病协会(ADA)的标准,且不同性别切点有差异。     

糖化血红蛋白水平的不同切点在糖尿病诊断中的应用

目的 评估不同糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)切点在糖尿病(DM)诊断中的应用价值.方法 研究对象来自2007年1月一2009年10月为明确DM诊断而就诊者和DM高危人群接受DM筛查者,共1 427名,男645名,女782名,平均年龄为(53±15)岁.研究对象空腹10 h行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)并同时测定HbA1c、糖化血清白蛋白(GA).结果 ①按1999年世界卫生组织糖尿病诊断标准,糖耐量正常(NGT)、糖调节受损(IGR)和DM组分别有582例、378例、467例.NGT、IGR、DM组的HbA1 c水平呈递增趋势(P＜0.05).②Pearson相关分析显示,HbA1 c与GA及OGTT中的空腹血糖(FPG)、糖负荷后2 h血糖均呈正相关(r值分别=0.74、0.82、0.80,P值均＜0.01).③以OGTT为诊断DM的金标准绘制受试者特征工作曲线,以HbA1 c诊断DM的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.943(95%CI为0.931～0.955),与以FPG诊断DM的AUC[0.955(95%CI为0.944～0.965)]的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).以HbA1 c≥6.3%为切点诊断DM的敏感性度为79.7%,显著高于FPG≥7.0 mmol/L的51.4%和HbA1c≥6.5%的67.2%(P值均＜0.01).结论 在无法进行OGTT的情况下,HbA1c可用于DM的诊断,6.3%确是比较适合我国人群的诊断DM的HbA1c切点.     

糖化血红蛋白与糖化白蛋白在诊断2型糖尿病中的价值比较

目的 探讨诊断2型糖尿病时糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)的参考值,并对比分析糖化白蛋白(GA-L)和HbA1c对于诊断2型糖尿病的灵敏度和可靠性.方法 509例疑似2型糖尿病患者(男268例,女241例),以2003年美国糖尿病学会(ADA)标准为诊断标准.通过绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),分析比较GA-L及HbA1c诊断糖尿病的灵敏度和特异性.结果 HbA1c的ROC曲线的最佳切点为6.75％,灵敏度75.5％,特异度93.2％,曲线下面积0.886,阳性似然比5.45,阴性似然比0.23,阳性预测值92％,阴性预测值70％.GA-L的ROC曲线的最佳切点为17.45％,灵敏度70.1％,特异度91.6％,曲线下面积0.844.当HbA1c≥6.75％时诊断的准确性为94.9％,而GA-L≥17.45％时诊断的准确性为93.3％.结论HbA1c≥6.75％和GA-L≥17.45％可作为诊断2型糖尿病的一种参考方法,且HbA1c的灵敏度和特异度优于GA-L.     

疑似糖尿病患者中HbA1c诊断糖尿病应用价值及其切点研究

目的评价糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)在疑似糖尿病患者中诊断糖尿病(DM)的应用价值及其诊断切点。方法研究对象来自2011年1～12月来笔者医院健康体检疑似糖尿病患者,共计1108名,男性636例,女性472例,年龄31～93岁(62.7±13.2岁)。研究对象行空腹口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)并同时测定HbA1c。按1999年世界卫生组织糖尿病诊断标准,以OGTT作为诊断DM的金标准。结果 1108例疑似DM患者中诊断为DM的患者298例(26.9%),空腹血糖受损(IFG)及糖耐量受损(IGT)患者428例(38.6%),正常糖代谢者382(34.5%)。受试者特征工作曲线分析显示,HbAlc诊断DM的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.881(95%CI:0.861～0.900),与空腹血糖(FPG)诊断DM的AUC为0.899(95%CI:0.880～0.916)无显著性差异(P=0.205)。以HbAlc≥6.2%为切点诊断DM的灵敏度为79.2%,显著高于FPG≥7.0mmol/L的65.8%和HbA1c≥6.5%的67.4%。结论在无法采用FPG或OGTT诊断DM时,HbA1c可用于DM的诊断;HbA1c≥6.2%是比较适合的DM诊断切点。     

EZSCAN无创筛查技术对糖尿病及糖耐量异常的临床应用价值

目的 探究EZSCAN无创筛查技术对糖尿病(DM)及糖耐量异常(IGT)的临床应用价值.方法 选取葡萄糖代谢紊乱高风险人群(年龄大于或等于45岁,BMI≥25 kg/m2)158例,采用EZSCAN无创筛查技术对筛查者进行糖尿病风险评估,并且对其行无水葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),检测其糖基化血红蛋白(HbA1c)及空腹血糖(FPG)水平.结果 158例筛查者中正常糖.耐量者(NGT) 96例,IGT患者39例,DM患者23例,3组患者EZSCAN值分别为(32±9)、(45±11)、(48±12)％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Pearson相关性分析表明EZSCAN值与2h-OGTT,HbA1c及FPG具有一定的相关性(r=0.513、0.701、0.552,P＜0.01).EZSCAN对IGT诊断的切点值为37.0％,敏感度为82.2％,特异性为62.7％,AUC为0.769,其对IGT的预判效能优于HbA1c和FPG;而EZSCAN对DM诊断切点为50.0％,敏感度为53.7％,特异性为58.4％,AUC为0.531,其对DM的预判效能不如HbA1c和FPG.结论 EZSCAN无创筛查技术能对IGT及DM进行早期筛查,对IGT的筛查效果较DM更加优越,对IGT的早期诊断具有重要的临床应用价值.     

糖化白蛋白在糖尿病诊断中的最佳切点

目的：探讨糖化白蛋白（ GA）检测对糖尿病（ DM）诊断的价值。方法选取同时检测空腹血糖（FPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、GA的门诊患者,除外严重肾损伤和严重肝损伤者。最终入组研究对象共1318例,其中男706例,女612例,年龄（60±13）岁。通过绘制ROC曲线,分析比较FPG、GA对DM诊断的最佳切点及诊断的灵敏度和特异度,并对GA和HbA1c进行相关性分析和回归分析。结果 GA的 ROC曲线最佳切点为16.35％,灵敏度为83.8％,特异度为88.5％,曲线下面积为0.922;FPG的ROC曲线最佳切点为7.0 mmol／L,灵敏度和特异度分别为76.8％和100％,曲线下面积为0.904。 GA与HbA1c的相关系数为0.896,与FPG的相关系数为0.630,排除性别和年龄的因素,相关系数分别为0.896和0.631。以GA为应变量,HbA1c为自变量,直线回归方程为：Y＝3.01X－3.28。结论 GA检测对于DM诊断的敏感度优于FPG,并且GA与HbA1c有较高的相关性。当HbA1c检测结果可能受影响时,与FPG相比较,GA具有较高的临床价值。     

HbA1c与FPG联合筛查诊断糖尿病的应用价值

目的 探索糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）与空腹血糖（FPG）联合筛查糖尿病（DM）及DM高危人群的应用价值.方法 测定沧州行政和企事业单位6 533例健康体检者的HbA1c和FPG,筛查DM患者及DM高危人群,对DM诊断有疑问者进一步作糖耐量实验（OGTT）.结果 采用ADA推荐的HbA1c≥6.5％或FPG≥7.0mmol/L为筛查DM标准,本研究人群DM筛查率为10.51％,DM高危人群为18.69％.如果用HbA1c≥6.5％单项筛查DM,漏诊率占联合检出DM人数的20.23％;用FPG≥7.0 mmol/L单项筛查DM,漏诊率为21.83％.依据联合筛查提出了适于本地筛查DM的切点：HbA1c≥6.5％与FPG≥6.0 mmol/L,HbA1c≥6.0％与FPG≥7.0mmol/L可直接诊断DM;5.5％≤HbA1c＜6.0％与FPG≥7.0 mmol/L,HbA1c＜5.5％与FPG≥7.0 mmol/L,这部分人群应重新验证或作OGTT明确诊断,高者诊断DM,低者降为高危人群,对DM高危人群也提出了筛查切点.结论 HbA1c与FPG联合检测在筛查DM中可以达到较高的灵敏度和保持较高的特异性,最大限度地提高了体检人群筛查诊断DM效率.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.