Prolongation of the period between biopsy and EMR can influence the nonlifting sign in endoscopically resectable colorectal cancers

BACKGROUND: The nonlifting sign is widely used for evaluating the invasion depth of colorectal tumors, and it is commonly accepted that EMR is contraindicated for colorectal tumors with a nonlifting sign because of the probability of massive submucosal invasion. OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinicopathologic factors that affect the nonlifting sign in submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma (SICC). DESIGN: Details regarding a history of biopsy, postbiopsy days, tumor location, tumor configuration, tumor size, depth of submucosal invasion, histologic type, adenomatous remnants, and angiolymphatic invasion were studied in relation to the nonlifting sign. SETTING: National Cancer Center, Korea. PATIENTS: The study involved 76 patients with SICC treated by endoscopic or surgical resection, in whom the tumor was examined for the nonlifting sign from 2001 to 2006. RESULTS: The nonlifting sign was observed in 15 cases (19.7%). A deep submucosal invasion, a history of biopsy, and the absence of adenomatous remnants were identified as factors affecting the nonlifting sign in univariate and multivariate analyses (P < .05). An increase in the number of postbiopsy days was associated with the nonlifting sign in endoscopically resectable SICC, and all 11 sm1 cancer cases with fewer than 21 postbiopsy days showed lifting. CONCLUSIONS: A history of biopsy and the absence of adenomatous remnants, in addition to deep submucosal invasion, were found to influence the nonlifting sign in SICC. It may be best that mechanical stimulation such as forceps biopsies are minimized before EMR, and EMR should be tried as soon as possible if biopsy was performed.     

FACTORS RELATED TO LATERAL MARGIN POSITIVITY FOR CANCER IN GASTRIC SPECIMENS OF ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION

Background: With the widespread use of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), more large early gastric cancers (EGC) have become candidates for endoscopic resection. A precise diagnosis of the extent of cancer is indispensable to obtain R0 resection. The aim of the present study was to clarify the factors related to lateral margin positivity for cancer in specimens resected by ESD for EGC. Methods: Among 1549 EGC treated by ESD during September 2002 to December 2008, lesions that were resected in an en‐bloc fashion and resulted in a pathological diagnosis of lateral margin positive (LM+) for cancer, were extracted. The reason for LM+ and pathological characteristics of the lesions were studied and compared to lesions successfully resected with margins negative for cancer. Results: There were three types of lesion that resulted in LM+ resection: lesions with a flat spreading area, lesions with an unexpected nearby lesion, and lesions with lateral extension beneath a non‐cancerous mucosa. Compared to lesions resected with margins negative for cancer, diameter of the tumor, recurrent‐type cancer, submucosal cancer, and undifferentiated‐type cancer were factors significantly related to LM+ resection. Conclusion: Other than misdiagnosing a small portion of cancer extension, lateral margin positivity for cancer by ESD could result from a neighboring lesion and an unexpected lateral submucosal cancer extension. To avoid LM+ resection of EGC by ESD, one should be careful of unexpected lateral extension and simultaneous multi‐lesions.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗早期胃癌40例临床分析

目的比较内镜黏膜下剥离术与外科手术治疗早期胃癌的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年4月到2015年3月,在我院接受治疗的80例早期胃癌患者的临床资料,根据治疗方式的不同分为ESD组和外科手术组。对两组患者的病灶切除率、手术时间、住院时间、医疗费用、以及术后并发症等进行比较。结果ESD组和外科手术组,病灶治愈性切除率均为100%,两组比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。ESD组与外科手术组比较,平均手术时间缩短(89.3vs 215.4 min,P＜0.05),平均住院时间缩短(10.5 vs 22.5 d,P＜0.05),平均医疗费用减少(1.79 vs 5.93万元,P＜0.05)。ESD组术后并发胃食管反流1例,感染1例(肺部感染),狭窄1例,出血1例,总发生率10.0%(4/40)；外科手术组术后并发胃食管反流7例,感染5例(肺部感染1例,创口感染4例),狭窄2例,出血6例,总发生率50.0%(20/40),术后并发症发生率明显高于ESD组。结论内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗早期胃癌疗效确切,而且具有手术和住院时间短,医疗费用少,术后并发症发生率低等特点。     

Endoscopic submucosal dissection of early gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. The proportion of early gastric cancer (EGC) cases at diagnosis has increased because of the use of mass screening endoscopy in older adults. Endoscopic mucosal resection has become the standard treatment for EGC in cases with standard indications because of its low risk of lymph node metastasis. A new endoscopic method, endoscopic submucosal dissection, has recently become available. This method allows en bloc resection without limitation of the size of the lesion. The goal of this article is to review the history and methods of endoscopic treatment with EGC, the conventional and extended indications, the therapeutic outcomes, and the complication rates.     

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer: Quo vadis?

The diagnosis of early gastric cancer(EGC) is of great interest because its endoscopic and surgical treatment presents the best chance for a cure.With technical development,endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) has been widely performed for the curative treatment of EGC in Korea.Multinational studies of ESD for EGC will be the next missions that overcome these limitations and global guidelines will be processed for ESD for EGC.