易损斑块对晚期药物支架贴壁不良影响的虚拟组织学血管内超声研究

目的:探讨基线斑块组织分型对药物支架(drug-eluting stent,DES)置入术后晚期支架贴壁不良(late stent malapposition,LSM)的影响。方法:入选不稳定性心绞痛患者112例,行冠状动脉原位病变药物支架置入及基线和随访,平均随访时间(11.5±1.7)个月,虚拟组织学血管内超声(VH-IVUS)检查,分为易损斑块组(n=38)和非易损斑块组(n=74)。结果:16例患者(14.3%)随访时发现LSM,易损斑块组明显多于非易损斑块组(28.9%vs.6.8%,P=0.001)。易损斑块组糖尿病(52.6%vs.28.4%,P=0.012),支架长度,坏死核心体积[(28.7±9.6)vs.(22.0±11.2)mm3,P=0.004]及其百分比[(25.7±6.6)vs.(21.5±6.6)%,P0.001]均明显高于非易损斑块组。多因素回归分析显示,易损斑块(OR=3.162,95%CI:1.052~11.278,P=0.001)和糖尿病(OR=1.145,95%CI:1.005~1.332,P=0.024)是LSM的独立预测因素。结论:易损斑块和糖尿病与不稳定心绞痛DES置入术后LSM形成有关。     

血管内超声评价国产及进口支架在老年冠状动脉分叉病变患者的疗效

目的血管内超声评价冠状动脉真性分叉病变的不稳定性心绞痛患者应用国产及进口支架的疗效。方法收集经冠状动脉造影证实为冠状动脉真性分叉病变,并行PCI术的不稳定性心绞痛患者210例,随机分2组,分别应用FIREBIRD2支架108例(国产组)及进口XIENCE V支架102例(进口组);利用血管内超声评价围术期、术后1年血管病变情况,以患者出现心绞痛、急性心肌梗死、心源性死亡为不良事件。结果与进口组比较,国产组术后即刻最小管腔面积的支架面积[(10.34±2.12)mm~2vs(12.01±3.11)mm~2]和术后1年最小管腔面积的支架面积[(9.13±3.07)mm~2vs(10.76±2.88)mm~2]无明显改变,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。国产组与进口组术后1年发生心脏不良事件比较,差异无统计学意义(17.59%vs20.59%,P>0.05)。国产组与进口组住院费用比较,差异有统计学意义[(41327.4±1145.8)元vs(51134.7±1 265.3)元,P=0.000]。结论国产FIREBIRD2支架与进口XIENCE V支架对冠状动脉真性分叉病变的治疗效果相同,国产支架性价比更高。     

支架影像增强技术StentBoost对支架后扩张的指导意义与血管内超声的比较分析

目的探讨支架影像增强技术StentBoost显影及判定支架后扩张的可行性及准确性。方法选择同时行血管内超声(IVUS)和StentBoost检查的心内科住院患者1 7例,其中无钙化患者3例,浅表钙化患者11例,深层钙化患者3例。其中14例因支架膨胀不均匀给予后扩张,分别对支架后扩张前后冠状动脉定量分析(QCA)、IVUS和StentBoost检测数据进行相关性分析。结果后扩张前支架内最小直径IVUS与StentBoost的相关性(r=0.9856,P0.01)优于QCA与StentBoost的相关性(r=0.9754,P0.01),也优于QCA与IVUS的相关性(r=0.9611,P0.01);后扩张后支架内最小直径QCA与StentBoost的相关性(r=0.8774,P0.01)最好。QCA、IVUS和StentBoost三者的相关性在深层钙化患者明显优于浅表钙化患者。结论支架后扩张前IVUS和StentBoost数据的相关性较好,而后扩张后两者相关性下降。     

血管内超声在冠状动脉药物洗脱支架晚期血栓研究中的应用

药物洗脱支架与金属裸支架相比,减少了再狭窄的发生率,但其长期安全性却引起了人们的注意。支架置入30 d以后出现的晚期支架内血栓问题成为目前介入心脏病学的研究热点。晚期支架内血栓发生率低,但一旦发生后果严重。有研究显示其发生的原因可能包括动脉的延迟愈合、动脉瘤形成及支架贴壁不良等。现就血管内超声在冠状动脉药物洗脱支架晚期血栓研究中的应用进展做一评述。     

血管内超声在无保护左主干病变介入诊疗中的临床应用

目的探讨血管内超声(IVUS)在无保护左主干病变介入诊疗中的应用价值。方法对入选的85例无保护左主干病变患者行冠状动脉造影(CAG)明确病变,分为IVUS组33例(在药物洗脱支架置入前后行IVUS指导下置入支架治疗),CAG组52例(单纯CAG指导下置入支架治疗)。比较2组对病变程度判断的结果以及置入支架的长度和直径,并对术后12个月随访结果进行比较。结果与CAG组比较,IVUS组术后12个月内主要心血管事件(包括全因死亡,心肌梗死、支架内血栓形成)发生率明显降低(6.1%vs 19.2%,P=0.019)。结论 IVUS较CAG能更精确地反映左主干病变的程度、范围,有利于病情的充分评估及支架选择、支架释放应用,减少术后并发症的发生,提高远期预后。     

药物洗脱支架与支架内血栓——BASKET-LATE试验解读

BASKET-LATE试验,目的是比较药物洗脱支架(DES)和金属裸支架(BMS)在晚期(使用6个月氯吡格雷停用以后)与支架血栓相关的临床事件的发生率。该试验为临床随机试验研究。试验的一级终点为12个月[经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后7～18个月]的心源性死亡或非致死性心肌梗死。“晚期”     

不稳定型心绞痛患者植入Firebird2钴铬合金药物洗脱支架长期随访结果研究

目的通过长期随访评估不稳定型心绞痛患者植入Firebird 2钴铬合金药物洗脱支架的有效性和安全性。方法选取2009年4—11月在我院诊断不稳定型心绞痛并植入Firebird 2钴铬合金药物洗脱支架患者70例,分析其临床资料、冠状动脉病变特点、支架植入情况,长期随访主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率,并指导患者的冠心病二级预防。结果共处理靶病变133处,植入Firebird 2钴铬合金药物洗脱支架196枚,平均随访时间(38.6±2.3)个月,MACE发生率为1.4%。结论国产Firebird 2钴铬合金药物支架系统在不稳定型心绞痛患者中具有良好的疗效和安全性。     

血管内超声指导下对小血管病变的介入治疗

目的评价血管内超声(IVUS)对小血管病变介入治疗的临床意义。方法回顾性分析2010年10月²013年2月于我院接受介入治疗的单支小血管(≤2.5mm)病变患者共237例,其中,IVUS指导下介入治疗的患者105例(Ⅰ组),冠状动脉造影(CAG)指导下介入治疗的患者132例(Ⅱ组)。分析2组患者基线资料、病变特点、介入治疗及随访期间心脏不良事件和再狭窄情况。结果 2组患者介入治疗均成功,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组置入支架直径[(2.50±0.40)mmvs(2.34±0.37)mm]、支架长度[(28.75±7.77)mmvs(35.78±10.45)mm]、支架高压后扩张(91.4%vs55.3%)和支架内再狭窄(1.9%vs 7.6%)比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.002,P=0.000,P=0.000,P=0.042);2组串联支架、CAG随访比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组患者住院及随访1、3和6个月期间,均无主要不良心脏事件发生。结论对于小血管病变的介入治疗,IVUS具有较好的指导作用。     

不同类型心绞痛患者病变血管斑块的血管内超声特征参数变化及其临床意义

目的 探讨不同类型心绞痛患者病变血管斑块的血管内超声(IVUS)特征参数变化及其临床意义。方法 选取郑州市第七人民医院2019年7月—2021年3月确诊的100例心绞痛患者,其中50例稳定型心绞痛患者(SAP组)和50例不稳定型心绞痛患者(UAP组),两组患者均接受了灰阶IVUS、虚拟组织学血管内超声(VH-IVUS)检查,对比两组患者的IVUS超声参数指标和滋养血管特征参数。结果 SAP组罪犯血管的斑块面积、斑块负荷、斑块长度和血管重构系数测定值低于UAP组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05); SAP组的罪犯血管中斑块的坏死核心成分面积及所占面积百分比均低于UAP组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);UAP组冠状动脉斑块中的滋养血管条数高于SAP组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SAP组罪犯血管的最小管腔面积、外弹力膜面积与UAP组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);SAP组罪犯血管中斑块的纤维成分、纤维脂质、致密钙化成分所占面积大小及所占面积百分比与UAP组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 UAP患者冠状动脉斑块中坏死核心成...     

旋磨联合支架治疗老年患者冠状动脉严重钙化的临床特点分析

目的评估冠状动脉旋磨联合药物洗脱支架的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析因冠状动脉严重钙化行旋磨介入治疗的患者18例,分析手术即刻成功率、住院期间及心血管事件随访情况。结果 18例经造影证实为冠状动脉严重钙化,旋磨靶血管中左主干+左前降支2例(11.1%),左前降支13例(72.2%),左回旋支2例(11.1%),右冠状动脉1例(5.6%)。术中需主动脉球囊保护1例(5.6%),冠状动脉夹层2例(11.1%),慢血流1例(5.6%)。8例患者在血管内超声指导下进行,手术前后管腔最小直径、最小直径狭窄率、管腔有效面积分别为[(2.06±0.38)mmvs(4.00±0.76)mm,(73.26±7.02)%vs(16.25±5.18)%,(4.53±1.50)mm2 vs(12.54±6.19)mm2,P=0.000]。随访期间无心绞痛再发、急性心肌梗死、心源性猝死、靶血管再次血运重建事件发生。结论旋磨联合药物洗脱支架治疗严重钙化病变可以去除或减轻钙化斑块、增大管腔,提高严重钙化病变介入治疗成功率。     

Late stent thrombosis thirteen months after drug-eluting stent implantation

We present a case of a very late stent thrombosis which occurred 13 months after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. The DES was off-label used in a high-risk patient and was followed by 12-month clopidogrel administration. One month after the drug discontinuation the stent thrombosis occurred, resulting in acute myocardial infarction. The patient was successfully treated with balloon coronary angioplasty and was advised to use clopidogrel indefinitely.     

Late adverse events after drug-eluting stent implantation

Stents that elute antiproliferative drugs prevent restenosis after percutaneous coronary artery revascularization, reducing the need for repeat procedures. Randomized trials in low-risk patients supported initial regulatory approval for drug-eluting stents (DES). In 2006, metaanalyses of long-term outcomes from these trials associated DES use with adverse events, believed to be attributable to late stent thrombosis, occurring more than 9 months after the initial procedure. This article appraises these late adverse effects and illustrates the power and shortcomings of large national registries, focused, well-conducted clinical trials, and meta-analyses of clinical trial data. This timely, robust evidence base reflects an alignment of academic, industry, and public health priorities.     

Relation between poststenting peristent plaque components and late stent malapposition after drug-eluting stent implantation: Virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound analysis

Background

Impact of plaque composition on late stent malapposition (LSM) after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation has not been evaluated.

Methods

We evaluated the relation between plaque components at poststenting peristent area (between external elastic membrane and stent areas) and LSM after DES implantation in 266 patients (314 native lesions; paclitaxel-eluting stent in 205 lesions, sirolimus-eluting stent in 66 lesions, zotarolimus-eluting stent in 32 lesions and everolimus-eluting stent in 11 lesions) in whom virtual-histology intravascular ultrasound was performed at index (poststenting) and follow-up (mean: 11.7 ± 4.8 months).

Results

LSM occurred in 24 patients with 30 lesions (9.6%) and there were no significant differences in the incidences of LSM among 4 DES groups [21/205 (10.2%) in paclitaxel-eluting stent, 6/66 (9.1%) in sirolimus-eluting stent, 2/32 (6.3%) in zotarolimus-eluting stent and 1/11 (9.1%) in everolimus-eluting stent, p = 0.5)]. Patients with LSM were presented with more acute myocardial infarction (50% vs. 28%, p = 0.026) and were more diabetics (50% vs. 30%, p = 0.030) compared with those without LSM. Lesions with LSM had more poststenting peristent %necrotic core (NC) volume compared with those without LSM (25.8 ± 11.1% vs. 21.0 ± 5.7%, p < 0.001). Independent predictors of LSM were poststenting peristent %NC volume [odds ratio (OR); 1.216, 95% CI; 1.053–1.405, p = 0.008], acute myocardial infarction (OR; 2.897, 95% CI; 1.675–4.118, p = 0.029), and diabetes mellitus (OR; 2.413, 95% CI; 1.543–3.996, p = 0.038).

Conclusions

Poststenting peristent NC component especially in patients with acute myocardial infarction and in those with diabetes mellitus is associated with the development of LSM after DES implantation.     

药物洗脱支架置人术后断裂导致支架内再狭窄的临床分析

目的 探讨药物洗脱支架(DES)置入术后支架断裂与再狭窄的关系及支架断裂的特点.方法 回顾性分析冠状动脉支架置人术后行冠状动脉造影复查的536例患者,实验分为DES组(N=397)和裸金属支架(BMS)组(n=139).分析支架置入术前、术后及复查时的冠状动脉造影图像,找出支架内再狭窄和支架断裂的病例,分析支架断裂和再狭窄的关系以及支架断裂的病变特征及形态特征.结果 DES组和BMS组再狭窄分别为31例和30例(P＜0.01),其中5例发生支架断裂,断裂的支架均为DES,BMS组未见支架断裂,两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).发生支架断裂的5例靶病变均为扭曲病变,支架断裂均发生在血管扭曲成角处.结论 支架断裂是DES置入术后发生再狭窄的原因之一,扭曲病变置入长的DES后可能容易发生支架断裂.     

Characterization of plaque prolapse after drug-eluting stent implantation in diabetic patients: a three-dimensional volumetric intravascular ultrasound outcome study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this research was to evaluate the plaque prolapse (PP) phenomenon after bare-metal (BMS) and drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in patients with diabetes mellitus using 3-dimensional volumetric intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). BACKGROUND: Plaque prolapse has been observed in up to 22% of patients treated with BMS. Diabetic patients have a larger atherothrombotic burden and may be more prone to have PP. However, the incidence of PP and its clinical impact after DES implantation is unknown. METHODS: Three-dimensional IVUS was performed after intervention and at 9-month follow-up in 168 patients with diabetes (205 lesions) treated with bare BX Velocity stents ((BX Velocity/Sonic, Cordis, Johnson & Johnson) (BMS, n = 65), sirolimus-eluting stents (Cypher, Cordis) (SES, n = 69), and paclitaxel-eluting stents (Taxus, Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts) (PES, n = 71). Intravascular ultrasound data at the sites of PP were compared with stented segments without PP in each lesion. Outcomes were evaluated at 9- and 12-month follow-up. RESULTS: There were 42 sites of PP (BMS = 11, SES = 11, PES = 20, p = NS) in 34 stented segments of 205 (16.6%) lesions. Plaque prolapse was more frequent in the right coronary artery and in chronic total occlusion lesions. Post-procedure PP volume was 1.95 mm3 in BMS, 2.96 mm3 in SES, and 4.53 mm3 in PES. At follow-up, tissue volume increased at PP sites in both BMS and PES, but not after SES. Neointimal proliferation was similar between PP and non-PP sites. Stent thrombosis and restenosis rates were similar between PP and non-PP lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of PP after implantation of new generation tubular stents in patients with diabetes remains high. Drug-eluting stent implantation was not associated with increased risk of PP. Plaque prolapse was not associated with stent thrombosis or increased neointimal proliferation.     

Late coronary stent infection: a unique complication after drug-eluting stent implantation

A 75-year-old male developed late coronary stent infection with symptoms presenting months after the initial procedure. This presentation was notably different than that of other cases in the literature, which typically presented days to a few weeks after stent implantation. Persistently unendothelialized stent struts may be a nidus for late infection.