基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的神经电极植入脑组织过程数值仿真

目的 建立神经电极-脑组织数值仿真模型,研究神经电极在植入过程中对脑组织产生的植入损伤。方法 采用超黏弹性模型描述脑组织材料,基于单元删除法和最大主应变失效准则模拟组织破坏与分离,并通过平均等效应变量化组织植入损伤,考察神经电极楔形角、植入速度以及电极刚度对脑组织急性损伤的影响规律。结果 150°楔角所产生应变值较90°增加37.1%;100 μm/s慢速植入时电极植入路径上组织应变值较大（>57%）,500 μm/s较高速植入时植入路径上组织应变明显变小（<25%）;而电极刚度对组织损伤影响不明显,电极刚度从165 GPa下降至5 kPa时,组织应变仅增加1%~2%。结论 数值仿真模型可为神经电极与植入参数设计提供参考,从而减少组织植入损伤,提高电极工作寿命,满足长期临床应用。     

基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的神经电极植入脑组织过程数值仿真

目的建立神经电极-脑组织数值仿真模型,研究神经电极在植入过程中对脑组织产生的植入损伤。方法采用超黏弹性模型描述脑组织材料,基于单元删除法和最大主应变失效准则模拟组织破坏与分离,并通过平均等效应变量化组织植入损伤,考察神经电极楔形角、植入速度以及电极刚度对脑组织急性损伤的影响规律。结果150°楔角所产生应变值较90°增加37.1%;100μm/s慢速植入时电极植入路径上组织应变值较大(57%),500μm/s较高速植入时植入路径上组织应变明显变小(25%);而电极刚度对组织损伤影响不明显,电极刚度从165 GPa下降至5 k Pa时,组织应变仅增加1%~2%。结论数值仿真模型可为神经电极与植入参数设计提供参考,从而减少组织植入损伤,提高电极工作寿命,满足长期临床应用。     

基于硅基电极的脑组织微动损伤仿真

目的:为预测脑组织微动损伤和解决植入电极的长期寿命问题,本研究基于硅基微电极进行建模,并对神经电极-脑组织有限元模型进行数值仿真。 方法:采用超黏弹性模型描述脑组织材料,研究不同微动模式（纵向和横向）、不同物理耦合度下电极附近脑组织应变分布。 结果:纵向载荷分析显示当摩擦系数?增加时,脑组织最大von Mises应变呈降低趋势,并且电极尖端附近的组织应变最大,这表明电极与脑组织之间的物理耦合度对脑组织微动损伤有较大影响。增强电极和脑组织间的黏附程度,可以有效减小脑组织损伤。电极尖端的形状也极大地影响着组织的应变大小。横向载荷分析显示X轴方向的载荷产生的脑组织损伤区域大约为60 ?m,这表明电极之间的间距应大于60 ?m,否则不同电极产生的组织应变会发生重叠,这对于电极之间理想间距的设计和防止重叠应变形成多余的细胞鞘有着重要的意义。 结论:数值仿真模型可以为电极-脑组织界面参数和电极间距设计参数提供参考,从而减少组织损伤,提高电极工作寿命,满足临床应用。     

神经电极的水凝胶涂层及楔形角对组织损伤的影响

目的研究水凝胶涂层的厚度以及电极楔形角对植入损伤的影响。方法基于植入损伤评估系统,进行模拟神经电极植入过程的实验,评估电极植入造成的组织损伤。用浸涂次数(分别为0、1、2、3)控制水凝胶涂层的厚度,选用30°、40°、50°、60°为电极楔形角的变量。以最大组织应变和最大植入力为组织损伤的衡量标准。结果水凝胶涂层越厚,电极植入损伤越大。楔形角越小,植入损伤也越小。同时,减小针尖的楔形角可以减小涂层对组织损伤的影响程度。3次浸涂时,楔形角为30°时,最大组织应变与最大植入力分别增加3.4%和3.8%,而楔形角为60°时,两者分别增加11.3%和18.1%。结论神经电极的水凝胶涂层将增大植入电极对生物组织的损伤,然而减小电极尖端楔形角的方法可以降低水凝胶涂层厚度对植入损伤的影响程度。     

基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉流固耦合方法的标枪飞行仿真

目的(1)确定使用任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE,Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian)流固耦合方法进行标枪飞行仿真的可行性;(2)通过ALE方法,确定最佳投掷时的攻角值。方法使用Femb前处理软件建立了标枪和空气的有限元模型;同时设置了标枪和空气的材料属性和单元属性,施加载荷、初始和边界条件,在此基础上用LS-DYNA求解器对给定出手参数的标枪进行了计算机仿真。结果给出了速度为30m/s,倾角为39°,高度为2m时,不同攻角下枪尖的水平和竖直位移。结论通过仿真,不但证明了使用ALE流固耦合方法进行标枪飞行计算机仿真是可行性的,而且出手参数的调节也容易控制;通过仿真分析,确定了30m/s和39°出手时,获得最佳投掷距离的攻角值为-3°。     

侵入式柔性神经电极的植入策略

侵入式神经电极将人类对神经科学的认识提升到微米与毫秒尺度.由于传统的刚性电极与柔软的脑组织间存在较大的机械不匹配性,柔性电极成为新一代神经电极的发展趋势.神经电极的柔性化更迭降低免疫反应的同时却失去植入刚度.分析神经电极的植入机制并总结目前研究中关于柔性电极的植入策略,旨在帮助解决柔性电极的植入能力丧失以及急性植入损伤...     

涂层修饰的柔性神经电极力学综合性能评估

目的对带有涂层修饰的柔性神经电极进行力学综合性能的评估,为电极及涂层参数的优化设计提供依据。方法对接触、植入以及微动阶段建立简化力学模型,以聚酰亚胺为电极材料,PEG为涂层材料,PDMS模具注塑法为涂层涂覆方法,设置40、80、120、160、200μm涂层厚度梯度,对3个因素(临界载荷、最大形变、脑组织最大应变)进行综合对比评估。结果厚度增加会引起临界载荷增大、最大形变减小以及脑组织最大应变减小,同时也会导致脑组织应变区域增大。均衡3个因素考虑,选择200μm作为涂层最佳厚度,在该厚度下,临界载荷为17.9 m N,最大形变为10.1μm,脑组织最大应变为0.011 4。结论涂层厚度对神经电极的力学性能有较大影响,在具体情况下可通过设置多个力学性能因素的影响因子选择最优参数。涂层的最优参数选择可提高电极的性能,对神经电极的临床应用具有重要意义。     

脑组织压缩力学性能和本构模型

目的 研究脑组织在不同应变率下的压缩力学性能和本构模型。方法 使用电子万能试验机对猪脑组织白质和灰质开展准静态压缩和中速压缩试验,获得脑组织不同应变率下的应力-应变曲线。采用Ogden本构模型对试验曲线进行拟合,确定本构模型参数,并在有限元软件中进行仿真验证。结果 脑组织应力-应变曲线呈现非线性特征,具有较强的应变率相关性和敏感性。压缩至0.6应变时,在5×10-4~5×10-2 s-1应变率下,白质和灰质的应力分别增加102%和129%,在1~1.5 s-1应变率下则分别增加50.7%和54.6%;1.5 s-1应变率下白质、灰质应力比5×10-4 s-1应变率下分别增加347%、413%。Ogden模型拟合下的R2>0.99,仿真结果与试验结果误差在15%以内,验证了模型的有效性。结论 研究结果有助于实现对脑组织变形的预测,为建立更加科学合理的人体模拟靶标以及在设计和改进颅脑防护装备上提供准确的理论依据。     

Cuff电极长期植入性能初步研究

目的：研究Cuff电极长期植入性能。方法：在狗面神经颧支周围植入Cuff电极，通过这个植入电极，分别在14天、6月后提取自然发生的神经电信号，比较分析其信号的差异性；通过组织形态学的方法，在Cuff电极植人后6个月观察分析周围有电极植入的神经段落的组织形态学变化，以分析植入电极对神经的影响。结果：通过植入的Cuff电极，在电极植入后14天、6月均能提取出能反映眨眼动作发生的神经信号，所提取到的自然睁眼状态下的神经信号在幅值（RMS）和频率（MPF）方面没有明显的变化。长期植入Cuff电极的神经，未发现有明显的损伤性形态改变。结论：Cuff电极适合作为长期植入体使用。可以提取到稳定的神经电信号，对于所附着神经不会产生明显的损伤，提示这种植入电极的应用具有可逆性。     

三维有限元分析角度基台对种植体骨界面应力分布的影响

目的采用三维有限元的方法,分析各种角度基台对种植体骨界面应力、应变分布的影响,为临床使用提供理论参考。方法采用CT薄层扫描,建立含种植体的下颌骨三维有限元模型。模拟咀嚼肌加载,用ALGOR软件分析直基台和10°、20°、30°角基台修复时,种植体骨界面应力、应变分布的不同。结果发用数值和图的形式显示综合应力、最大和最小主应变。直基台修复时,综合应力集中于种植体颈部骨皮质,种植体底部次之。随基台角度的增加,种植体骨界面综合应力、最大和最小主应变值均从集中于种植体颈部转移至底部。结论随基台角度的增加,种植体骨界面应力、应变均增大;30°角基台修复时,其应力、应变增大显著。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.