外周血CD+4CD+25T细胞表达在系统性红斑狼疮患者中的意义

目的了解系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血CD4 CD2 5T细胞表达及其临床意义。方法用流式细胞仪检测53例SLE患者外周血CD4 CD2 5T细胞表达,根据CD25表达荧光强度>100者为CD4 CD25brightT细胞,并与SLE活动指数评分(SLEDAI)、血清补体C3水平、抗双链DNA抗体、抗核抗体滴度进行相关分析。结果SLE患者外周血CD4 CD2 5T细胞表达率为(7·84±1·85)%,显著低于对照组(9·18±2·01)%(P<0·05),且活动期组[(6·72±1·16)%]较稳定期组更低[(8·57±1·91)%,P<0·01]。外周血CD4 CD25brightT细胞表达率在活动期组[(0·85±0·24)%]和稳定期组[(0·91±0·25)%]之间相比差异无统计学意义(P=0·686),但均低于对照组[(1·43±1·08)%,P<0·01]。随治疗后SLEDAI评分的下降,活动期组SLE患者外周血CD4 CD25brightT细胞表达率无明显变化。进一步分析外周血CD4 CD25brightT细胞表达率与SLEDAI评分、抗核抗体、抗双链DNA抗体滴度和血清C3水平的相关性,分别为ρ=-0·188,P=0·178;ρ=-0·216,P=0·121;ρ=0·082,P=0·560;ρ=0·010,P=0·944,差异均无统计学意义(P>0·05)。结论外周血CD4 CD2 5T细胞的减少可能与SLE的发病有关。     

原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者CD11c+和CD123+树突状细胞与肝功能损伤的关系

目的:检测原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)患者外周血树交状细胞亚群CD11c 和CD123 , 探讨其与肝功能损伤及抗线粒体抗体亚型 2(AMA-M2)抗体产生的关系．方法:流式细胞术检测PBC患者(n=40)外周血树突状细胞亚群CD11c 和CD123 比例, 以40例肝脏疾病患者作为疾病对照组,30例健康体检者作为正常对照组,观察CD11c 和 CD123 树突状细胞与患者的肝功能指标及 AMA-M2抗体产生的关系．结果:PBC患者外周血CD11c 和CD123 比例显著低于正常对照组(0．087 2±0．008 2 vs 0．169 0±0．011 3,P<0．01;0．034 9±0．004 9 vs 0．064 3±0．005 4,P<0．01)．肝功严重损伤的 PBC患者外周血CD11c 及CD123 比例显著低于轻度损伤者(0．071 6±0．007 3 vs 0．124 2 ±0．0094,P<0．01;0．042 6±0．005 9 vs 0．061 7 ±0．006 1,P<0．01)．AMA-M2 患者外周血 CD11c 和CD123 比例显著低于AMA-M2- 患者(0．076 1±0．005 1 vs 0．096 5±0．008 3, P<0．05;0．046 6±0．006 9 vs 0．063 1±0．005 7, P<0．05)．经动态观察发现,同一PBC患者经过治疗后CD11c 和CD123 比例增加,特别是 CD123 明显高于治疗前(0．058 3±0．004 9 vs 0．032 1±0．004 1,P<0．01)．结论:PBC患者外周血树突状细胞亚群 CD11c 和CD123 比例与肝功能损伤和血清抗AMA-M2抗体产生有密切关系．CD11c 和 CD123 的变化可能是导致肝功能损伤和病情发展及血清抗AMA-M2抗体产生的环节之一．     

CD178在肾综合征出血热患者外周血T细胞亚群表达的研究

为研究 CD1 78在肾综合征出血热 (HFRS)患者外周血 T细胞亚群的表达及意义 ,应用荧光抗体标记和流式细胞仪技术分析 CD1 78(Fas配体 )在 HFRS患者及健康人群 (对照组 )外周血 CD 4、CD 8T细胞表达的水平。结果 HFRS患者发热期组和多尿期组外周血 CD 4T淋巴细胞比例与正常对照组比较差异无显著性 ;而 CD 8T细胞明显增加 (P<0 .0 1) ;CD 4/CD 8比值明显下降 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;CD 4、CD1 78 T淋巴细胞和 CD 8、CD1 78 T淋巴细胞皆显著增高 (P<0 .0 5及 P<0 .0 0 1)。HFRS患者发热组和多尿组 CD 8T细胞的 CD1 78的表达率分别为 2 2 .18%和2 9.92 % ,而 CD 4T细胞的 CD1 78表达率分别为 4 .80 %和 5 .2 5 %。认为 HFRS的发病过程中 CD1 78主要表达于CD 8T淋巴细胞亚群 ,且发病早期和末期均有高表达     

HCV感染者外周血淋巴细胞亚群与其基因型、肝脏炎症及IFN-α治疗的相关性

探讨HCV感染者外周血淋巴细胞亚群与其基因型、肝脏炎症以及与干扰素α(IFN-α)治疗的相关性。用流式细胞仪和限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)对41例HCV感染者外周血淋巴细胞亚群百分比及HCV基因分型进行分析。未经治疗患者的激活T细胞(CD3 HLA-DR )、激活CD4 T细胞(CD4 HLA-DR 、CD4 CD25 )及NK 细胞(CD3-CD16／CD56 )均低于正常(P<0．05);CD8 T(CD8 CD3 )细胞、激活(CD8 T细胞(CD8 HLA-DR 、 CD8 CD38 )及B细胞(CD19 )高于正常(P<0．05);使用IFN治疗后显著提高了患者外周血激活T细胞激活 CD4 T细胞及NK细胞百分比(P值<0．05);同时降低CD8 T细胞、激活CD8 T细胞及B细胞百分比(P<0．05)。此外,还发现在伴有肝脏炎症患者的CD8 细胞、激活CD8 T细胞要明显高于不伴有炎症的患者(P<0．05),而NK 细胞则要显著低于不伴有炎症者(P<0．05);不同HCV基因型感染者外周血淋巴细胞亚群百分比均无显著性差异 (P>0．05)。     

松果体及其褪黑素与大鼠乳腺癌Treg细胞和转录因子Foxp3表达的相关性

目的探讨松果体及其褪黑素(MLT)对乳腺癌大鼠外周血中调节性T(Treg)细胞产生及乳腺癌组织中叉状头/翅膀状螺旋转录因子(Fox) p3表达的影响。方法选用雌性清洁级SD大鼠150只,随机平均分为正常组、荷瘤对照组、松果体摘除并荷瘤+生理盐水组、松果体摘除并荷瘤+7. 5 mg·kg-1·d-1MLT组、松果体摘除并荷瘤+15 mg·kg-1·d-1MLT组,所有荷瘤组接种大鼠乳腺癌细胞,建立荷瘤大鼠模型,接种癌细胞后第10天采外周血并取瘤体,分别应用流式细胞术、免疫组织化学法检测乳腺癌大鼠外周血中CD4+CD25+Treg细胞比例及乳腺癌组织中Foxp3+Treg细胞数量的变化。结果松果体摘除使乳腺癌外周血中Treg细胞比例上升(P<0. 01),补充MLT后外周血Treg细胞比例下降(P<0. 05)且随剂量增加而下降(P<0. 01);松果体摘除使乳腺癌组织中Treg细胞数量上升(P<0. 01),补充MLT后Treg细胞数量下降(P<0. 05),但无剂量依赖性。结论松果体摘除增加乳腺癌外周血和组织中Treg细胞的产生,补充MLT能逆转上述作用,MLT抑制Treg细胞的产生可能具有拮抗乳腺癌发生发展的作用。     

难治及复发性急性白血病的造血干细胞移植

造血干细胞移植 ( HSCT)是指用具有正常造血和免疫活性的造血干细胞去替代受者恶变的、缺陷的或缺乏的细胞 ,从而达到造血和免疫功能的重建。1　造血干细胞移植过程1.1　采集骨髓造血干细胞　骨髓造血干细胞采集应在手术室无菌操作 ,术前数天应分次采取 4 0 0～ 80 0 ml自体血备用。采髓前 2小时给予地塞米松 10 mg,可使骨髓有核细胞增多 ,有利于采髓。在髂骨后多点抽取骨髓 ,收集造血干细胞 ,CD34 细胞应 >2× 10 6 /kg,采集的细胞在输注前应行细菌培养。1.2　采集外周血造血干细胞　用肿瘤药物或硫酸葡聚糖或人造血细胞集落刺激因子作…     

急性脑梗死患者外周血CD4CD25 T细胞和CD4CD28~- T细胞的变化

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者外周血CD4CD25T细胞和CD4CD28-T细胞亚群的变化及意义。方法选择急性脑梗死患者22例(脑梗死组),另选取健康体检者18例(对照组);均采用流式细胞仪检测外周血CD4CD25T细胞和CD4CD28-T细胞占CD4T细胞比例。结果脑梗死组外周血CD4CD25T细胞/CD4T细胞比例明显低于对照组[(41.14±9.92)%vs(49.01±12.19)%,P<0.05],而CD4CD28-T细胞/CD4T细胞比例明显高于对照组[(19.93±15.60)%vs(11.96±8.60)%,P<0.05]。结论急性脑梗死患者外周血CD4CD25T细胞比例减少,而CD4CD28-T细胞升高,两者共同作用,可能在脑梗死发生、发展中起重要作用。调节T淋巴细胞亚群可能是脑梗死的潜在治疗靶点。     

骨髓增生异常综合征T细胞早期激活及可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体的研究

目的　研究骨髓增生异常综合征 (MDS)外周血CD+ 4 、CD+ 8T细胞早期激活标志CD69的表达及血清、骨髓可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体 1、2 (sTNF R1、2 )的水平及其意义。方法　在植物血凝素 (PHA) 2 0mg/L条件下进行全血细胞培养 ,于 0h和 4h分别用流式细胞仪对CD+ 4 、CD+ 8T细胞CD69的表达进行分析。用ELISA法检测血清和骨髓sTNF R1、2的水平。结果　PHA刺激前难治性贫血 (RA)与难治性贫血伴环形铁粒幼细胞增多 (RAS)CD+ 4 、CD+ 8细胞CD69的表达率分别为 8 32 %、9 88% ,难治性贫血伴原始细胞增多 (RAEB)与转变中的RAEB(RAEB T)CD+ 8细胞CD69的表达率为7 92 %。PHA刺激后MDS患者CD+ 4 、CD+ 8细胞表达CD69明显增强 ,RA +RAS为 5 3 4 6 %、5 1 6 3% ;RAEB +RAEB T为 4 2 93%、4 1 96 % ,CD+ 4 与CD+ 8细胞CD69的表达率相似。MDS两种sTNF R1水平均明显升高 ,RA +RAS组sTNF R1血清为 (1 5 8± 0 6 8) μg/L ,骨髓为 (2 10± 0 2 6 ) μg/L ;sTNF R2血清为 (1 4 1± 0 5 0 ) μg/L ,骨髓为 (1 95± 0 6 4 ) μg/L ;RAEB +RAEB T组sTNF R1血清为 (2 6 2± 2 5 5 ) μg/L ,骨髓为 (3 12± 0 6 7) μg/L ;sTNF R2血清为 (1 96± 0 5 6 ) μg/L ,骨髓为(3 0 9± 0 6 2 ) μg/L。血清sTNF R2水平与PHA刺激     

再生障碍性贫血雄激素受体与T细胞亚群的变化

目的:检测慢性再生障碍性贫血(CAA)患者骨髓单个核细胞(MNC)雄激素受体(AR)以及骨髓中T细胞亚群水平,探讨AR在CAA免疫病理机制中的作用。方法:①免疫细胞化学SP法检测CAA患者骨髓MNC内AR的表达水平;②流式细胞术检测CAA骨髓中T细胞亚群(CD3 CD4 细胞、CD3 CD8 细胞)的含量。结果:①CAA患者骨髓MNC中AR阳性水平[(35．18±8．78)个／200个MNC]显著低于对照组[(48．46±9．82)个／200个MNC];不同性别间AR的含量差异无统计学意义。②CAA患者骨髓中的CD3 CD8 细胞含量为(28．54±7．57)％,显著高于对照组。③CAA患者骨髓中的AR阳性水平与骨髓中的CD3 CD8 细胞呈负相关(r=-0．576,P<0．01);而与CD3 CD4 细胞含量未见明显的直线相关关系。结论:CAA患者骨髓AR的表达减少,从而使雄激素刺激造血的作用减弱。患者AR的表达与CD3 CD8 细胞含量呈明显负相关,表明AR的异常可能在一定程度上参与了CAA发病机制中的细胞免疫。     

不同病理分型胃癌患者放疗前后T细胞亚群及NK细胞的变化

目的探讨胃癌根治术后放疗对外周血T细胞亚群及NK细胞的影响及不同胃癌病理分型放疗前后T细胞亚群及NK细胞的变化。方法选择该院2011年6月至2013年6月收治的55例胃癌手术患者,另选取同期35例健康人作为对照组,采用流式细胞术测定外周血T细胞亚群和NK细胞相对比例的变化,比较不同病理类型胃癌患者放疗前后T细胞亚群和NK细胞变化趋势。结果胃癌患者根治术后放疗前外周血CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T细胞和NK细胞的比例接近对照组(P>0.05);放疗后,胃癌患者外周血CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T细胞和NK细胞的比例显著降低(P<0.05)。不同病理类型的胃癌患者,放疗前后其外周血T细胞亚群及NK细胞水平存在不同程度的变化,其中乳头状腺癌患者放疗后CD8+T细胞、NK细胞比例减少(P<0.05),但是CD3+T细胞、CD4+T细胞没有变化;管状腺癌患者放疗后CD3+T细胞和CD4+T细胞和NK细胞比例显著降低(P<0.05),CD8+T细胞没有变化;印戒细胞癌和未分化癌患者的T细胞亚群水平显著下降(P<0.05),但是NK不受影响;黏液腺癌患者放疗前后外周血T细胞亚群及NK细胞水平均没有变化。结论手术后放疗能够抑制胃癌患者的免疫功能,放疗前后不同病理类型的胃癌患者外周血T细胞亚群及NK细胞变化各不相同。应该根据不同的病理类型实行相应的增强免疫功能措施。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.