纳布啡联合罗哌卡因对产妇硬膜外分娩镇痛的影响

目的 探讨硬膜外纳布啡联合罗哌卡因对产妇硬膜外分娩镇痛的影响。方法 选取2019年2月至2021年2月在该院进行分娩镇痛的产妇80例,依照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。对照组接受舒芬太尼联合罗哌卡因自控硬膜外镇痛,观察组接受纳布啡联合罗哌卡因自控硬膜外镇痛。比较两组镇痛起效时间、首次应用患者自控镇痛(PCA)时间、PCA按压次数、罗哌卡因消耗量及两组不同时间镇痛效果、生命体征及首次泌乳时间、出血量、不良反应的发生情况。结果 观察组镇痛起效时间、首次应用PCA时间短于对照组,PCA按压次数、罗哌卡因消耗量多于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);T3时观察组视觉模拟评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与T0～T4时比,T5时两组脉搏血氧饱和度水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组首次泌乳时间、出血量、不良反应与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 纳布啡联合罗哌卡因在分娩硬膜外镇痛中起效时间快,可延长PCA时间,安全可靠,但宫口全开时疼痛剧烈,麻醉药物消耗量大。     

序贯法罗哌卡因与舒芬太尼用于分娩镇痛的最低有效浓度探讨

目的:测定自然分娩第一产程硬膜外分娩镇痛时舒芬太尼及与之配伍的罗哌卡因的半数有效浓度(EC50),分析其对分娩过程的影响,探讨产妇应用罗哌卡因和舒芬太尼硬膜外分娩镇痛的临床安全性和合理用药浓度。方法:取93例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级头位单胎的初产妇,妊娠≥38周,产前无服用镇痛催眠药史。随机分为3组,A组:罗哌卡因 0.4 mg/L舒芬太尼;B组:罗哌卡因 0.6 mg/L芬太尼;C组:单纯使用罗哌卡因作为对照组。宫口开至3~4 cm时于L2~3间隙行硬膜外穿刺置管,分别注入15 mL罗哌卡因与不同浓度的舒芬太尼混合液。根据双盲、序贯的方法,以上一例产妇的镇痛效果,确定下一例产妇所用的罗哌卡因药液浓度,各组初始的罗哌卡因浓度均为0.12%。视觉模拟镇痛评分(VAS)≤3分为有效。结果:入选的93例产妇中,3例因镇痛效果可疑而退出研究。各组罗哌卡因分娩镇痛的EC50值分别为:A组(n=29)0.056%(95%CI 0.048%~0.066%);B组(n=30)0.042%(95%CI 0.034%~0.052%);C组(n=31)0.115%(95%CI 0.112%~0.128%),各组间差异均有极显著性(P<0.01)。结论:硬膜外复合使用舒芬太尼能相关地降低罗哌卡因分娩镇痛的最低有效浓度。使用0.4 mg/L和0.6 mg/L芬太尼得到的罗哌卡因的最低有效浓度分别为0.056%和0.042%,两组均可达到满意的镇痛效果。     

罗哌卡因复合布托啡诺在硬膜外分娩镇痛中的应用

目的:观察罗哌卡因复合布托啡诺在硬膜外分娩镇痛的临床效果.方法:将80例接受无痛分娩的孕妇随机分成观察组和对照组,每组各40例.待产妇第一产程开始进入活跃期、宫口开至3 cm时开始实施硬膜外麻醉镇痛,观察组给予0.1%罗哌卡因加0.05 mg/mL布托啡诺,对照组为0.2%罗哌卡因.观察两组镇痛效果及起效时间、各产程时间、新生儿出生后Apgar评分、镇痛前后产妇生命体征变化及整个产程的镇静程度,并计算罗哌卡因用量.结果:观察组镇痛起效时间平均(9.25±2.45)min,对照组起效时间平均(15.15±2.44)min;观察组总产程(605.9±196.3)min,对照组总产程(613.5±210.7)min,两组比较差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05);产程活跃期镇静程度良好,孕妇满意度高于对照组;两组新生儿出生后的Apgar评分、镇痛前后产妇生命体征比较差异无显著性意义;观察组罗哌卡因用量(30.3±8.8)mg,对照组为(47.2±7.6)mg.结论:罗哌卡因复合布托啡诺用于硬膜外分娩镇痛起效时间短、安全性高,值得临床推广.     

布托啡诺联合甲磺酸罗哌卡因硬膜外镇痛的效果观察

目的:观察布托啡诺联合甲磺酸罗哌卡因用于下肢骨科手术患者硬膜外镇痛的效果.方法:选择ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级行下肢手术患者90例,随机分为3组(n=30):A组(对照组.100 mL 0.15%甲磺酸罗哌卡因)、B组(100 mL 0.15%甲磺酸罗哌卡因加入3 mg布托啡诺)和C组(100 mL 0.15%甲磺酸罗哌卡因加入6 mg布托啡诺).术毕采用硬膜外镇痛,当疼痛评估VAS>3分时,给予1～2 mg布托啡诺静注追加镇痛.连续监测患者ECGⅡ、SpO2和NIBP,并记录患者术后4个时间点VAS评分、Ramesay评分、恶心、呕吐和呼吸抑制发生率及布托啡诺追加用量.结果:术后1 h和6 h,B、C两组术后镇痛效果明显优于A组,VAS评分较小(P<0.05),Ramesay评分C组明显高于A组和B组(P<0.05).术后恶心、呕吐发生率3组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05).结论:100 mL 0.15%甲磺酸罗哌卡因加入3 mg布托啡诺术后硬膜外镇痛既能取得满意的镇痛效果,又不至于使患者过于抑制和嗜睡,同时恶心、呕吐发生率也较低,提高了患者术后镇痛的舒适度.     

罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外麻醉对分娩镇痛产妇麻醉效果及疼痛程度的影响

目的:罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外麻醉对分娩镇痛产妇麻醉效果及疼痛程度的影响.方法:选取自2019年1月至2019年12月本院收治的100例无痛分娩产妇作为研究对象进行研究,根据随机分组原则将产妇分为观察组与对照组,每组各50例,对照组产妇应用罗哌卡因进行硬膜外麻醉,观察组产妇应用小剂量罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外麻醉,对...     

右美托咪定对罗哌卡因硬膜外分娩镇痛半数效应浓度的影响

目的 观察右美托咪定对罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛半数效应浓度(EC50)的影响.方法 选取90例自愿进行分娩镇痛的足月孕妇作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(罗哌卡因组)和联合组(右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因组),每组45例.2组均选择L2 ～3行硬膜外穿刺置管,连接脉冲镇痛泵.对照组硬膜外脉冲镇痛泵配方为盐酸罗哌卡因...     

不同浓度罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼在硬膜外镇痛分娩中的效果评价

目的探讨不同浓度罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼在无痛分娩中的应用效果。方法选取产妇200例,按照随机数字表法分为A组(n=67)、B组(n=67)、C组(n=66)。A组采用0. 08%罗哌卡因+0. 5μg/m L舒芬太尼,B组采用0. 10%罗哌卡因+0. 5μg/m L舒芬太尼,C组采用0. 15%罗哌卡因+0. 5μg/m L舒芬太尼。比较各组产妇的镇痛效果及分娩情况。结果镇痛后5 min、30 min、1 h以及分娩即刻时,A组VAS评分均显著高于B组和C组(P 0. 05)。3组产妇运动神经阻滞Bromage评级情况比较,A组和B组的Bromage评级显著优于C组(P 0. 05)。3组产妇第一、二、三产程时间以及3组新生儿出生后1、5、10 min的Apgar评分比较均无显著差异(P 0. 05)。结论 0. 10%罗哌卡因复合0. 5μg/m L舒芬太尼应用于无痛分娩中镇痛效果最优,安全性最高,可作为无痛分娩硬膜外麻醉的推荐剂量。     

等效剂量布比卡因和罗哌卡因持续硬膜外镇痛的脊神经毒性比较

目的:探讨罗哌卡因及布比卡因用于持续硬膜外镇痛的脊神经毒性的比较.方法:足月单胎产妇150例,在连续硬膜外麻醉下行剖腹产术,术后进行持续硬膜外镇痛,随机分为布比卡因组(B组)、等剂量罗哌卡因组(K组)、等效剂量罗哌卡因组(L组).比较各组的镇痛效果,下肢麻木和肌力减退的发生率.结果:各组镇痛效果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),下肢麻木和肌力减退的发生率各组间差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:布比卡因和罗哌卡因的脊神经毒性在低浓度的情况下相同.     

罗哌卡因配伍芬太尼硬膜外自控分娩镇痛疗效分析

目的 探讨硬膜外低浓度罗哌卡因配伍小剂量芬太尼自控分娩镇痛的临床效果.方法 选择自愿接受分娩镇痛的产妇及同期不愿接受分娩镇痛的产妇各80例.镇痛组L2～3间隙硬膜外穿刺,0.2%罗哌卡因推注,连接电子微量泵(0.1%罗哌卡因复合2 μg/ml芬太尼),对照组不用任何镇痛药,记录两组产妇血压,动脉氧饱合度,产妇VAS评分及恶心呕吐不良反应发生率和改剖宫产率,记录两组新生儿1 min及5 min时的Apgar评分.结果 镇痛组VAS评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05),产妇恶心、呕吐、产后出血、改剖宫产率及新生儿Apgar评分两组比较差异无统计学意义.结论 镇痛效果确切,对产妇安全有益,对胎儿无影响.     

纳布啡辅助罗哌卡因对超声引导下锁骨上入路臂丛神经阻滞麻醉效果的影响

目的 探讨纳布啡辅助罗哌卡因对超声引导下锁骨上入路臂丛神经阻滞麻醉效果的影响。方法 本研究最终纳入2019年6月—2020年6月行上肢骨折切开复位内固定术患者共计114例为研究对象,随机分为N₂₀组(纳布啡20 mg)、N₁₀组(纳布啡10 mg)和安慰剂组,每组38例。N₂₀组麻醉药物为100 mg罗哌卡因稀释至18 mL联合纳布啡2 mL(10 mg/mL); N₁₀组麻醉药物为100 mg罗哌卡因稀释至18 mL联合纳布啡2 mL(5 mg/mL);安慰剂组麻醉药物为100 mg罗哌卡因稀释至18 mL联合0.9%氯化钠注射液2 mL。比较3组患者神经阻滞前(T₀)、神经阻滞后10 min(T₁)、手术结束即刻(T₂)的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)。评估3组患者T₁时感觉阻滞(SB)和运动阻滞(MB)情况,记录SB起效时间、MB起效时间、SB持续时间、MB持续时间。记录术中及术后24 h...     

Investigation of the Minimum Local Analgesic Concentration of Epidural Sufentanil Combined With Ropivacaine for Labor Analgesia

PurposeWorldwide, there are only few studies focusing on labor analgesia on the MLAC (minimum local analgesic concentration) or EC50 (median effective concentration) of sufentanil and ropivacaine. Therefore, we determine the MLAC or EC50 of sufentanil and ropivacaine for epidural analgesia by using an up–down sequential allocation and survey its adverse effect in a prospective blinded randomized trial.MethodsSixty nulliparous full-term parturients who required labor analgesia were recruited and randomly divided into the sufentanil and ropivacaine groups. The formulation was 25 μg sufentanil combined with 0.1% ropivacaine (added 0.9% normal saline to 75 ml). According to the response of a previous parturient, the dosage of sufentanil was increased or decreased by 5 μg in the sufetanil group; meanwhile, we also administrated an initial concentration of 0.1% ropivacaine combined with 22.5 μg sufentanil (added 0.9% normal saline to 75 ml) in the ropivacaine group. The concentration of ropivacaine was increased or decreased by 0.01% following the response of the previous parturient. The Brownlee up–down sequential allocation was used to estimate the MLAC of epidural ropivacaine and its 95% confidence intervals in labor analgesia.FindingsThere were no significant changes for the two groups, including for age, height weight, active stage, second stage of labor, and gestational weeks (P = 0.769, 0.900, 0.603, 0.441, 0.577, and 0.695, respectively). The VAS scores of the parturient decreased to varying degrees (P < 0.0001) after labor analgesia compared with VAS before labor analgesia, and the most effective analgesia was reached in 60 min. The EC50 dose of epidural ropivacaine combined with 0.3 μg/mL sufentanil was 0.09687%, and the 95% CI was 0.08944%~0.1043%. Five parturients had PONV, and the incidence rate was 16.7%; one parturient had pruritus, so the incidence rate was 3.3%. The EC50 dose of epidural sulfetanil combined with 0.1% ropivacaine was 18.76 μg with a 95% confidence interval of 13.5–24.48 μg. There were no significant differences in the active stage, second stage of labor, and maternal and fetal hemodynamic data between the two groups. Notably, the Apgar scores for 1 min and 5 min were 10 scores for almost all of these patients. There were no significant differences between the two groups for maternal and fetal side effects, which had very low incidence rates.ImplicationsThe MLAC of epidural sufentanil or ropivacaine could provide satisfactory and safe analgesia for parturients while having a low incidence rate of side effects.     

纳布啡联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇预处理对电视胸腔镜外科手术后急性痛觉过敏的影响

目的 观察纳布啡联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇预处理对电视胸腔镜外科手术（VATS）后急性痛觉过敏的影响。方法 选取2020年9月-2021年9月该院择期全身麻醉下行VATS肺叶切除术的Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期非小细胞肺癌患者72例,随机分为对照组（C组）、纳布啡组（N组）和纳布啡联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇组（L组）,每组24例。麻醉诱导前,L组静脉注射纳布啡+酮咯酸氨丁三醇,N组静脉注射纳布啡,C组注射等量生理盐水。于术前、术后6 h、术后24 h和术后48 h时使用电子测痛仪（Von Frey）测定前臂内侧及切口周围机械痛阈值,于术后30 min、术后6 h、术后24 h和术后48 h采用数字分级评分法（NRS）评估疼痛情况,比较3组患者术后48 h内舒芬太尼累积消耗量及不良反应发生情况。结果 3组患者术后6、24和48 h前臂内侧及切口周围机械痛阈值比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。3组患者术后30 min、6 h和24 h的NRS及术后48 h内舒芬太尼累积消耗量比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。N组和L组术后6、24和48 h的前臂内侧机械痛阈值及切口周围机械痛阈值均高于C组,术后...     

Ropivacaine/Fentanyl vs. Bupivacaine/Fentanyl for Pain Control in Children after Thoracic Surgery: A Randomized Study

BackgroundAlthough bupivacaine remains a standard local anesthetic for postoperative epidural infusions in pediatric patients, it is increasingly being replaced with ropivacaine by many anesthesiologists. Ropivacaine is associated with less risk for cardiac and central nervous system toxicity.AimsThe purpose of this study was to compare analgesic efficacy and adverse events of postoperative epidural analgesia with ropivacaine/fentanyl versus bupivacaine/fentanyl in children after the Ravitch procedure and thoracotomy.DesignThis was a prospective randomized controlled study.SettingsThis study was conducted at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases in Rabka Zdroj, Poland.Participants/Subjects94 patients undergoing elective thoracic surgery.MethodsPatients aged 7-17 years were randomly allocated into a ropivacaine 0.2% (RF, n = 45) or bupivacaine 0.125% (BF, n = 45) group; 1 mL of each analgesic solution contained 5 μg fentanyl. All patients received acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Nurses assessed pain intensity and incidence of adverse events over 72 hours after surgery and modified analgesia if patient pain intensity was greater than 2 out of 10.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in median pain scores and incidence of adverse events between the RF group and the BF group. The analgesia was excellent (median pain intensity scores at rest, during deep breathing, and when coughing was less than 1 out of 10 in all patients). Adverse events included incidents of desaturation (64/90), nausea (18/90), vomiting (31/90), pruritus (12/90), urinary retention (2/90), paresthesia (11/90), anisocoria (2/90), and Horner syndrome (2/90).ConclusionsThoracic epidural analgesia using an RF and BF solution resulted in similar pain relief and adverse event profiles.     

单孔与多孔胸腔镜切除右上肺叶治疗早期非小细胞肺癌:单中心回顾性倾向配比研究

目的:比较单孔电视辅助胸腔镜手术(uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,uVATS)和多孔胸腔镜手术(multiportal VATS,mVATS)切除右上肺叶治疗早期非小细胞肺癌(non-small-cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的效果.方法:选...     

A comparison of maternal fear of childbirth,labor pain intensity and intrapartum analgesic consumption between primiparas and multiparas: A cross-sectional study

ObjectivesTo describe and compare fear of childbirth and in-labor pain intensity between primiparas and multiparas and explore the association between the amount of actual pain relief and fear of childbirth.MethodsA convenience sampling method was used. A total of 260 women undergoing spontaneous or induced labor, including 97 primiparas and 163 multiparas, were recruited in a large academic specialized hospital in Guangzhou, China, from February 2018 to August 2019. The clinical data of maternal and neonatal were extracted from a structured electronic medical record system. Other demographic information, such as employment and family monthly income, was collected by a questionnaire. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and the Chinese version of the Childbirth Attitude Questionnaire (C-CAQ) were applied to assess maternal in-labor pain intensity and fear of childbirth. The analgesic consumption and the frequency of manual boluses as rescue analgesia were stored and collected from the analgesia pump.ResultsEighty-two (84.5%) primiparas and ninety-nine (60.7%) multiparas received epidural analgesia (P < 0.001). In the epidural subgroup, the primiparous average fear of childbirth (36.46 ± 10.93) was higher than that of the multiparas (32.06 ± 10.23) (P = 0.007). However, multiparas reported more intense in-labor pain [8.0 (8.0, 9.0) vs. 8.0 (7.0, 8.0)], had more successful manual boluses per hour [2.68 (1.65, 3.85) vs. 1.77 (0.90, 2.47)], more hourly analgesic consumption [23.00 (16.00, 28.25) vs. 17.24 (11.52, 21.36) mL] and more average analgesic consumption [0.35 (0.24, 0.45) vs. 0.26 (0.19, 0.35) mL/(h·kg)] than the primiparas (P < 0.05). Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that the maximum in-labor pain was weakly positively correlated with fear of childbirth (r = 0.09) (P < 0.05), hourly analgesic consumption (r = 0.16) (P < 0.01) and average analgesic consumption (r = 0.17) (P < 0.05). No statistically significant association was uncovered between analgesic consumption and maternal fear of childbirth.ConclusionsFear of childbirth is a potential predictor of labor pain intensity. Further study is needed to explore its role and value in pain management during delivery. Parity is not a determinant of pain relief use and should not be a preconceived preference of obstetric care team members to determine the distribution of epidural analgesia, especially when analgesia resources are insufficient.     

Continuous epidural infusion of ropivacaine for the prevention of postoperative pain after major orthopaedic surgery: A dose-finding study

The present study investigated the dose relationship of ropivacaine with regard to analgesia and motor block when administered as a continuous 21 hour epidural infusion following major orthopaedic surgery.Forty six patients scheduled for elective total knee or hip arthroplasty were compared in this double-blind study. Patients were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: saline (n=12); ropivacaine 0.1% (n=11); ropivacaine 0.2% (n=12); ropivacaine 0.3% (n=11). Initial epidural analgesia was established with 0.5% ropivacaine and general anaesthesia was then induced for surgery. Within 30 minutes of the end of surgery, epidural infusions were commenced at a rate of 10 ml/hour for 21 hours. All patients had access to PCA morphine. Morphine consumption, VAS pain scores at rest, sensory and motor block and overall quality of treatment were assessed at regular intervals.The morphine consumption and VAS scores were lower overall in the ropivacaine groups than in the group receiving only PCA morphine. The difference was more evident during the first 8 hours of postoperative infusion, when significant differences between the ropivacaine 0.2% and 0.3% groups and the saline group were found. The incidence and degree of motor block were dose dependent. There was significantly higher patient satisfaction in all ropivacaine groups compared to the saline control group.In conclusion, 21 hour epidural infusion of ropivacaine, combined with PCA morphine, provides effective pain relief following major joint surgery and without significant adverse events. Morphine consumption and pain scores were lowest in the 0.3% ropivacaine group but this group had a higher degree of motor block. Pain relief with the combination of ropivacaine and PCA morphine is superior to that of PCA morphine alone.     

硬脊膜穿破硬膜外阻滞在妊娠期高血压疾病产妇分娩镇痛中的应用

目的探讨硬脊膜穿破硬膜外阻滞在妊娠期高血压疾病产妇分娩镇痛中的应用。方法回顾性将2017年8月至2018年8月于北京妇产医院就诊收治的158例接受分娩镇痛的妊娠期高血压疾病产妇作为研究对象,根据产妇不同的麻醉方式将其分为腰-硬联合镇痛组(n=52)、自控硬膜外镇痛组(n=54)和硬脊膜穿破复合硬膜外镇痛组(n=52)。于镇痛前、镇痛后1 min、5 min、10 min和60 min行视觉模拟评分法(VAS评分)。记录三组舒芬太尼镇痛用量、病人自控镇痛(PCA)次数和首次PCA时间、镇痛不良反应及分娩方式及产程。结果三组产妇镇痛后1 min、5 min、10 min和60 min VAS评分均明显低于镇痛前(P<0.05);腰-硬联合镇痛组和硬脊膜穿破复合硬膜外镇痛组镇痛后1 min、5 min均明显低于自控硬膜外镇痛组(P<0.05)。硬脊膜穿破复合硬膜外镇痛组和腰-硬联合镇痛组舒芬太尼镇痛用量和PCA次数较自控硬膜外镇痛组明显减少,首次PCA时间明显延长(P<0.05)。硬脊膜穿破复合硬膜外镇痛组较自控硬膜外镇痛组产前发热例数明显减少,第一产程活跃期明显缩短,器械助产例数明显减少(P<0.05);腰-硬联合镇痛组较自控硬膜外镇痛组胎心减慢和瘙痒例数明显增加,第一产程活跃期明显缩短,器械助产例数明显减少(P<0.05)。硬脊膜穿破复合硬膜外镇痛组较腰-硬联合镇痛组产前发热、胎心减慢和瘙痒例数明显减少,剖宫产例数明显减少(P<0.05)。结论硬脊膜穿破硬膜外阻滞在妊娠期高血压产妇分娩镇痛中的应用效果良好,安全性也较高。     

纳布啡联合舒芬太尼在肝胆外科腹腔镜术后的镇痛效果

目的探讨纳布啡联合舒芬太尼用于肝胆外科腹腔镜术后患者自控镇痛(PCA)的临床疗效。方法选取2018年1月-2020年1月该院收治的120例腹腔镜肝胆外科手术患者作为研究对象,随机分为舒芬太尼组(S组)、纳布啡组(N组)和纳布啡联合舒芬太尼组(N+S组),每组各40例。S组术后镇痛使用舒芬太尼,N组术后镇痛使用纳布啡,N+S组术后镇痛使用纳布啡联合舒芬太尼,记录3组患者术后不同时间段心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、视觉模拟评分(VAS)、术后PCA按压次数和不良反应发生情况。结果 N+S组在术后10 min (T_3)、30 min (T_4)和60 min (T_5)的MAP及HR均明显低于S组,且在T_4及T_5时点,N+S组较N组HR及MAP明显降低,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。N+S组在术后8 h (T_7)、12 h (T_8)和24 h (T_9)的VAS评分明显低于S组,N+S组术后PCA按压次数明显少于S组,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。N+S组的不良反应总发生率明显低于N组及S组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论纳布啡与舒芬太尼联合应用于肝胆外科腹腔镜术后镇痛效果良好,且用药安全性高,值得临床推广使用。     

Effect of Ketamine Added to Ropivacaine in Nerve Block for Postoperative Pain Management in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Randomized Trial

PurposeNerve blocks are commonly used as a part of multimodal pain relief. It was previously shown that ketamine could enhance the analgesic effect of local anesthetics in nerve blocks. A literature review on adding ketamine to local anesthetics for ameliorating analgesia revealed inconsistencies in analgesic efficiency and safety. This prospective, randomized, double-blind trial was performed to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of mixing ketamine with local anesthetics in a combined femoral and sciatic nerve block (CFSNB) during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.MethodsSeventy-six patients undergoing preoperative ultrasound-guided CFSNB in ACL reconstruction were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Group RNK received perineural administration of 40-mg ketamine plus 0.375% ropivacaine in 40-mL volume; Group RIK received 40 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine, as well as IV ketamine 40 mg; and Group R received 40 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine. Pain scores were recorded. AUC was calculated based on the pain scores at different times. Duration of CFSNB, postoperative analgesic demand, time to first analgesic demand, and adverse events were also examined.FindingsPerineural ketamine decreased pain scores 20 and 24 h' postoperatively, as well as lowered AUC values (all, P = 0.001). Group RNK had a prolonged time to first analgesic request (P = 0.014), inhibited rebound pain (P = 0.001), and increased satisfactory score at 48 h’ postsurgery (P = 0.001). Perineural ketamine prolonged the duration of sensory block (P = 0.001) with no effect on early mobilization. There were no significant differences between Group R and Group RIK in terms of postoperative pain scores, AUC of different time intervals (P = 0.832 or more), and time to first rescue analgesics (P = 0.585). Compared with the 2 other groups, IV ketamine had a higher incidence of hallucination after operations.ImplicationsPerineural ketamine added to the ropivacaine-enhanced analgesic efficacy of CFSNB with less rebound pain compared with the IV ketamine and control groups. IV ketamine had no effect in potentiating analgesia when a conventional multimodal approach was used in the study. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900023867.     

腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉用于分娩潜伏期延长产妇镇痛的临床研究

目的探讨腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉用于分娩潜伏期延长产妇的效果。方法选择100例潜伏期延长产妇,要求施行分娩镇痛的足月初产妇且潜伏期延长为观察组,不给分娩镇痛为对照组。观察组给予2 m L麻醉药(罗哌卡因2 mg和芬太尼10μg)注入蛛网膜下隙,60 min后连接PCA泵,胎儿娩出后停止硬膜外腔给药;对照组按产科常规处理。比较2组产程时间、分娩方式、催产素的使用情况及新生儿Apgar评分。结果观察组镇痛效果良好,第二产程时间显著长于对照组(P0.01)。观察组的第一产程时间短于对照组,剖宫产率低于对照组。2组的第三产程时间及新生儿Apgar评分无显著差异。结论腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉用于分娩潜伏期延长产妇镇痛效果确切,能够缩短第一产程时间,对降低潜伏期延长产妇的剖宫产率有一定效果,对产妇及新生儿无不良影响。