A new class of isoxazole derivatives: the M 1-9 series of compounds with immunotropic activity

The isoxazole derivatives are interesting objects for synthesis in the search for various sorts of biological activity. Looking for more active immunomodulators we synthesized a series of 5-amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid semicarbazides and thiosemicarbazides in the reaction of 5-amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid hydrazide with isocyanates and isothiocyanates. The biological effect of these compounds on the proliferative response of human mononuclear peripheral blood cells to phytohemagglutinin A (PHA) was described.     

New derivatives of 5-amino-3-methyl-4-isothiazolecarboxylic acid and their immunological activity

Several new compounds - 4 and 5-substituted derivatives of 3-methyl-4-isothiazolecarboxylic acid were synthesized. These compounds have aminoacylamino groups in position 5 of the isothiazole ring. In position 4, the carboxylic group was replaced by ethyl ester. The biological activites of the obtained compounds were analyzed in the humoral immune response and delayed type hypersensitivity reaction to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in the mouse model, as well as in the proliferative response of splenocytes to T-cell and B-cell mitogens in vitro.     

New amides of 5-acylamino-3-methyl-4-isothiazolecarboxylic acid and their immunotropic activity

Several new amides 4 of 5-substituted 3-methyl-4-isothiazolecarboxylic acid were obtained. These compounds have acetylamino or benzoylamino groups in position 5 of the isothiazole ring. In position 4, the carboxylic group was transformed in the amides using amino-acid esters. Activities of the obtained derivatives were checked in the humoral immune response and delayed type hypersensitivity reaction to sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) in vivo.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some cephem derivatives.

Two novel cephem derivative series were synthesized: 7-(D-alpha-aminophenyl-acetamido-)-3-methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid monohydrate (Cephalexin) derivatives and those of 7-amino-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-thio methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (7-AMTCA). The antimicrobial activity of the prepared compounds was studied and compared to that of known cephalosporin antibiotics of the first generation against 12 standard strains and 189 clinical isolates of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. The Cephalexin derivatives 4a-f show a narrow activity spectrum and are inactive while 5c and 5d are more active than the Cephalexin and Cephazolin antibiotics against clinically isolated S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains.     

N-Acyl-N-phenyl ureas of piperidine and substituted piperidines endowed with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities.

Six series of N-acyl-N-phenyl ureas 1-6 of piperidine (1), and 2-ethyl- (2), 3-methyl- (3), 4-methyl- (4), 4-phenyl- (5), cis-2,6-dimethyl- (6) piperidine were synthesised and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, anaesthetic, anti-pyretic properties. Some derivatives of series 1 and 5 were also assayed for anti-proliferative activity. Several compounds showed an anti-inflammatory activity comparable or slighty inferior to that of indomethacin in rats (1c,d, 2a,b,g,h, 3b, 4h, 5d,e). Moreover, an appreciable anti-inflammatory activity was also found in 2c,e, 3e,f,g, 4g, 5a,b,c,f,h, and 6a,b,d. All the compounds were devoid of anti-pyretic activity and only a few of them exhibited a low level of infiltration anaesthesia in mice. Compound 5a showed a broad spectrum anti-cancer activity (at low micromolar concentrations), particulary significant against leukemia subpanel.     

Phenylamides of 1-phenyl (or methyl)-5-benzamidopyrazole-4-carboxylic acid as vratizolin analogs with analgesic and antiinflammatory activities.

A number of phenylamides of 5-benzamidopyrazole-4-carboxylic acid were prepared in 50-80% yields from 1-phenyl (or methyl)-6-phenylpyrazolo[3,4-d]1,3-oxazin-4(1H)-ones and aniline derivatives. All the compounds were tested for their analgesic and antiinflammatory activities, as well as for their ulcerogenic potential and acute toxicity. Some derivatives, when compared to phenylbutazone, proved more active in the tests for analgesic and antiexudative activities, but less active in the carrageenin paw oedema test. The compounds proved to posses marginal or no ulcerogenic effect, as well as low systemic toxicity.     

5-甲基-7,4’-二羟基异黄酮水溶性衍生物的合成及其抗缺氧活性

目的5-甲基-7,4’-二羟基异黄酮水溶性衍生物的合成及其抗缺氧活性的比较。方法三氟化硼-乙醚催化的“一锅法”工艺制备母体化合物1,并通过甲基化和磺化反应合成衍生物2～4,常压耐缺氧试验评价其活性。结果化合物3和4水溶性强,且抗缺氧作用等价于母体化合物。结论新合成的水溶性化合物3和4具有明显的抗缺氧活性。     

Search for new lead structures in the isoxazole heterocyclic system

Looking for active immunosuppressant, a series of substituted phenylamides of 5-aminomethinimino-3-methylisoxazole-4-carboxylic acid was obtained, which showed immunosuppressory activities in the in vitro and in vivo tests, comparable with that of cyclosporine A. Rentgenostructural studies of three most representative derivatives were performed and the molecular modelling of compounds, demonstrating most characteristic biological activities, was performed. In the next stage, quantum-chemical investigations were conducted in order to determine structure-activity relationships.     

Effect of structural modification of the hydantoin ring on anticonvulsant activity

Selectively substituted hydantoins 1 (15 examples), 4-hydroxy-2-imidazolidinones 2 (13 examples), 2-imidazolones 3 (10 examples), 2-imidazolidinones 4 (four examples), vicinal diamines 5 (two examples), and simple amino acid derivatives 6 (four examples) have been prepared and evaluated in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES), subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole seizure threshold (sc Met), and rotorod (Tox) tests. The medium effective doses (ED50) and the medium toxic dose (TD50) for the most active compounds are reported. In general, the most pronounced activity was observed for hydantoins 1 and protected amino acids 6. Within each series of compounds, enhanced anticonvulsant activity was often noted for compounds containing an aromatic group one carbon removed from a nitrogen atom. Among the most active compounds observed were the amino acid derivative N-acetyl-D,L-alanine benzylamide (6d) and the two 2-imidazolones 4-methyl-1-(phenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one (3e) and 1-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one (3g). Compound 6d proved to be slightly more potent in the MES test than phenacemide.     

Synthesis, acute toxicity, and analgesic activity of new derivatives of pyrrole

Ten pyrrole derivatives (including six new compounds) were synthesized and evaluated as potential platform for analgesic agents' development. Acute intraperitoneal toxicity and analgesic activity studies (acetic acid writhing test) were performed on mice with acetylsalicylic acid used as a reference substance. Products 3c, 3d, 3e, and 3h exhibited a dose-dependent activity demonstrating 1.5 to 2.5-fold better protections than the reference. The most prospective compounds comprised salicylic acid moieties, whose 4-substituted derivatives were related to lower acute toxicity and considerable activity. 4-[3-(Ethoxycarbonyl)-2-methyl-5-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-benzoic acid 3c was pointed out as the most prospective substance due to its lower acute toxicity (378 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) and highest analgesic activity (up to 89.3% protection) in a dose range of 1/10 to 1/40 parts of LD(50).     

Nitrones. 4. Derivatives of 4-bromo-5-isoxazolidinone-4-carboxylic acids and delta 3 -5-isoxazolinone-4-carboxylic acids

Nitrones. Part 4 The easily accessible esters and nitriles of the 2-methyl-3-aryl-isoxazolidin-5-one-4-carboxylic acids have been oxidized to the corresponding derivatives of the 2-methyl-3-aryl-isoxazolin-5-one-4-carboxylic acids, either in one step with iodine and alkoxide or by bromination to the isolable 2-methyl-3-aryl-4-bromo-isoxazolidin-5-one-carboxylic acid derivatives followed by dehydrobromination. The IR spectra of the new compounds show the band for the ring carbonyl at comparatively high wave numbers. This band is split for most isoxazolinones.     

N-(4-Isoxazolylthiazol-2-yl)oxamic acid derivatives as potent orally active antianaphylactic agents

A series of N-(4-isoxazolylthiazol-2-yl)oxamic acid derivatives was synthesized and tested on the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) model in rats to verify its potential antianaphylactic activity. These compounds were prepared by reaction of an appropriate bromoacetylisoxazole with thiourea to give the corresponding aminothiazole and subsequent condensation with an oxalic acid monoester chloride to yield, following the usual process, the oxamic acid derivatives. Most of the new compounds exhibited, by intraperitoneal route in rats, a very potent antianaphylactic activity on PCA response, higher than that of the reference compound disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). The new derivatives, in contrast with DSCG, were effective on PCA even by oral route. The most interesting derivative of the new series was N-[4-(3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-thiazolyl]oxamic acid 2-ethoxyethyl ester (49), which was also active and more potent than DSCG in experimental models involving either IgE- or IgG-mediated anaphylactic responses at bronchopulmonary level.     

Isoxazolo-[3,4-d]-pyridazin-7-(6H)-one as a potential substrate for new aldose reductase inhibitors.

The isoxazolo-[3,4-d]-pyridazin-7-(6H)-one (2) and its corresponding open derivatives 5-acetyl-4-amino-(4-nitro)-6-substituted-3(2H)pyridazinones (3, 4) were used as simplified substrates for the synthesis of new aldose reductase inhibitors with respect to the previously reported 5, 6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnolin-3(2H)one-2 acetic acids (1). Moreover, a few derivatives lacking the 5-acetyl group were prepared. Several compounds derived from 2 displayed inhibitory properties comparable to those of Sorbinil. In this class the presence at position 6 of a phenyl carrying an electron-withdrawing substituent proved to be beneficial, independently from its position on the ring (5g,j-l). Acetic acid derivatives were more effective than propionic and butyric analogues. On the contrary, all the monocyclic compounds (6-8) were either inactive or only weakly active. The 3-methyl-4-(p-chlorophenyl)isoxazolo-[3,4-d]-pyridazin-7-(6H )-one acetic acid (5g), which proved to be the most potent derivative, was also investigated in molecular modeling studies, to assess possible similarities in its interaction with the enzyme, with respect to the model 1.     

Studies on the synthesis of antiulcer agents. VI. Synthesis and antiulcer activity of dihydrobenzofuranone derivatives

The derivatives (2) of 3-(2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-5-benzofuranyl) acrylic acid (2b) were synthesized. The compounds (3a-g) in which bromo, methoxy, nitro, amino or acetamido group was introduced on the benzene ring of the derivatives (2) and the compounds (3h-k) in which acryloyl moiety was introduced on the 6- or 7-position of the benzofuranone skeleton also synthesized. Furthermore, propionic acid derivatives (4a-c), acetic acid derivatives (4d-g), formic acid derivatives (4h-k) and oxyacetic acid derivatives (5) were prepared by converting the acryloyl moiety of the derivatives (2) into propionyl, acetyl, formyl and oxyacetyl groups. These compounds were tested for antiulcer activities. Among these compounds, 1-[3-(2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-5-benzofuranyl)acryloyl]piperidine (2d) and 4-[3-(2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-5-benzofuranyl)acryloyl] morpholine (2g) were found to have stronger antiulcer activities.     

3-甲基-5-硝基呋喃衍生物的合成

本文报道在硝基呋喃类药物的呋喃环3位上进行结构修饰。根据3位甲基有利于硝基与酶活性部位的巯基进行亲核取代,有可能提高其抗菌杀虫活性的设想,合成了3-甲基呋喃嘧酮和3-甲基呋喃丙胺等新化合物19个。与母体化合物进行抗菌杀虫活性的比较,以探索环上甲基所起的作用。这类化合物的合成是以丙酮为原料,经Claisen缩合、Darzen反应、McFadyen反应成为3-甲基呋喃甲醛,再经Knoevenagel反应、硝化、缩合成为化合物Ⅰ。3-甲基呋喃醛经肟化、硝化、缩合成为化合物Ⅱ。有关生物活性比较和理论探讨将另文发表。     

Synthesis and in vitro antileukemic activity of new 4-triazenopyrazole derivatives

Several new 4-(3,3-dimethyltriazeno)-5-benzamidopyrazole derivatives were prepared by reacting 4-diazo-5-benzamidopyrazole derivatives with dimethylamine. The compounds were tested at 10 microM for their vitro antileukemic activity against K562 (Human chronic myelogenous leukemia) and Raji (human Burkitt limphoma ) cell lines. Dacarbazine and methotrexate were used for comparative purpose. The 3-methyl-4-(3,3-dimethyltriazeno)-5-(substituted benzamido)pyrazoles, bearing the pyrazole nucleus free at 1 position, resulted more active than the 1-(substituted phenyl)-3-methyl-4-(3,3-dimethyltriazeno)-5-benzamidopyrazoles. Dacarbazine at 10 microM showed no activity in the above tests. The observed difference among Dacarbazine and the active 4-triazenopyrazoles migth be explained admiting that these last compounds, differently by Dacarbazine, did not follow a mechanism of action based on the cytochrome P-450 induced demethylation. The most active compound 2d showed growth inhibition values of 97.8 and 99.4% against K562 and Raji cell lines respectively. Methotrexate inhibition values at 0.2 microM against the above cell lines were 86.7 and 75.1% respectively.     

Synthesis and biological properties of novel triazolopyrimido-pyrimidine-5,8-diones

The synthesis of novel 1,2,4 triazolo[2,3,4-c,d]pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives has been described from N-substituted amides of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-thio-5-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid 1. Amides 1 treated with 80% hydrazine hydrate, followed by aqueous-ethanolic formaldehyde form substituted triazolo[4,3-c]pyrimidines which cyclize in pyridine to triazolopyrimidopyrimidine derivatives 4. Attention has been paid to the synthesis of the 4-arylidenehydrazinopyrimidines 3. Some compounds have been tested for antibacterial and anticancer activities and for action on CNS.     

Patent Evaluation: Indole leukotriene biosynthesis antagonists

Summary

Novelty: Novel indole derivatives are disclosed as leukotriene antagonists in these four related patents. These are: azaarylmethoxy (AG7604 and AG7610), bicyclic-heteroarylmethoxy (AG7612) and heteroarylmethoxy (AG7913) indoles. All are potentially useful as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-asthmatic agents. They are also stated to be cytoprotective and to be useful for the treatment of a variety of disorders including hypertension, angina, cerebral spasm and migraine.

Biology: Protocols for an LTB₄ inhibitory assay and an asthmatic rat assay are given. However, no specific biological data are disclosed.

Chemistry: In AG7604 a total of sixteen final compounds are disclosed. Syntheses are given in four examples. All are specifically claimed including 3-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-(t-butylthio)-5-(isoquinolin-3-yl-methoxy)indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid.

In AG7610 eighteen final compounds are described. Syntheses are given in five examples. Preparation of intermediates is also given. All eighteen compounds are specifically claimed including 3-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-(t-butylthio)-5-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid.

Twenty-seven final compounds are disclosed in AG7612. Syntheses are given in three examples. The twenty-seven compounds are specifically claimed including 3-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-methyl-5-(benzothiazol-2-ylmethoxy)indol-2-yl]2,2-dimethyl propanoic acid.

Finally, in AG7613 a total of twenty-one final compounds are disclosed. Syntheses are given in three examples. Twenty-one compounds are specifically claimed including 3-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-methyl-5-(4-prop-2-ylthiazol-2-ylmethoxy)indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid.     

Some derivatives of the 2-[4-pyrazolinyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole system

The synthesis of some 2-[5-amino-1-methyl-3-oxo-4-pyrazolynyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives is accomplished by reacting 5-amino-1-methyl-3-oxopryrazolynyl-4-dithiocarbohydrazide with carboxylic acid derivatives. The structure of the compounds obtained is verified by means of 1H and 13C-N.M.R. spectra. Antimicrobial and antifungal activity of some of the described compounds was tested in a preliminary screening.     

(6-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-3-pyrimidinyl)acetic acid and related compounds exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity

Base-promoted hydrolysis of methyl or ethyl esters 1a-c gave the (6-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-3-pyrimidinyl)- and (5-ethyl-6-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-3-pyrimidinyl)acetic acids 2a, b. Under the reaction of ester 1a or acid 2a with nucleophilic reagents a series of derivatives 3-7 of acid 2a were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity. Most of them were found to be more active than acetylsalicylic acid, and compounds 2a, 6a, b, 7a, f were significantly more active than ibuprofen. The compounds exhibiting the best anti-inflammatory activity showed negative inotropic effect.