应用改良(躅)甲瓣修复拇手指脱套伤

目的 探讨应用改良(躅)甲瓣修复各型拇、手指脱套伤的临床疗效.方法 根据不同损伤类型,采取4种方式修复18例28个脱套拇手指:①单侧改良(躅)甲瓣修复9例9个拇指近节中段以远脱套及3例3指近侧指间关节以远脱套;②单侧改良(躅)甲瓣加第二趾胫侧皮瓣修复2例2指全指脱套;③双侧改良(躅)甲瓣修复1例双侧拇指脱套;④双侧改良(躅)甲瓣加第二趾胫侧皮瓣与带感觉的超薄股前外侧皮瓣修复3例12指脱套.(躅)甲瓣切取时携带全部趾甲,保留(躅)趾趾底偏胫侧三角形皮瓣.结果 18例22块(躅)甲瓣及3块超薄股前外侧皮瓣均一期完全成活.15例获随访8～25个月,再造拇、手指外观接近健侧指体,运动及感觉恢复满意,供区无增生性瘢痕,跖底三角形皮瓣显著增宽,所有患者步行、跑、跳均无明显受限.结论 应用改良(躅)甲瓣修复拇手指脱套伤,不但受区可以获得接近健侧的良好外观和功能,而且可使供区损伤减少到最低限度,是目前显微重建拇、手指脱套伤的最佳术式之一.     

游离(足母)趾背和第二趾背甲皮瓣修复指甲缺损的临床应用

目的报道游离拇趾背和第二趾背甲皮瓣修复指甲缺损的临床疗效。方法对41例43指指甲缺损的患者，应用拇趾背、第二趾背甲皮瓣进行修复，并对疗效进行分析。结果移植后的指甲全部成活，术后随访4个月-3年，平均25个月，1指皮瓣稍显臃肿，予二期手术修整。全部移植指甲生长均良好，指端触觉恢复满意，手指远侧指间关节活动度接近正常，可以抓捏细小物体。参照Zook指甲修复标准评定：优40指，良3指，优良率达100％。足部供区植皮愈合良好，足功能无明显影响。结论应用拇趾背、第二趾背甲皮瓣修复指甲缺损，可以最大限度地恢复手指外形及功能，对供区损伤小，是手指指甲缺损修复的理想方法。     

拇甲瓣移植再造拇指术后的感觉功能恢复

目的研究拇甲瓣再造拇指术后的感觉功能恢复情况。方法2003年1月-2009年6月共行19例坶甲瓣移植再造拇指术．感觉功能的测量：行健侧坶趾趾尖及健侧对应指尖感觉功能测量．与术后指尖感觉功能测量的结果相比较,包括温度觉、痛觉、触觉、振动觉、两点辨别觉。结果术后随访12~58个月,平均26个月,皮瓣全部成活,指体外形满意,手指活动功能优良;感觉功能恢复结果：温度觉恢复最好,痛觉其次,触觉和振动觉达到正常70％;两点辨别觉恢复最差,两点辨别觉：健侧指尖（3．0±1．0）mm,健侧坶趾趾尖（6．5±2．5）mm,再造拇指术后指尖（9．0±5．0）mm。结论坶甲瓣再造拇指,外形逼真,功能优良;再造手指感觉功能恢复总体满意,但不完全并有选择性,再造手指的感觉功能更接近足趾而非手指。     

Combined great toe dorsal nail-skin flap and medial plantar flap for one-stage reconstruction of degloved finger

BackgroundHistorically, the degloved finger with the total loss of nail and skin had been resurfaced with an expanded great toe wrap-around flap transfer for better outcomes. The purpose of this study aims to present our experience with a related modified design, with total preservation of a weight-bearing plantar skin.MethodFrom April 2016 to September 2019, nine fingers (5 index and 4 middle fingers) in nine cases, with skin loss to the base of the proximal phalangeal or metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint level, were reconstructed with combined great toe dorsal nail-skin flap and medial plantar artery perforator (MPAP) flap. The dorsal great toe donor was covered with a thin groin flap, and the medial plantar site was covered with a full-thickness skin graft. The cutaneous nerves were preserved within both flaps. Standardized assessment of outcome in terms of sensory, functional, and esthetic performance of the reconstructed fingers was completed.ResultsFlap survival was achieved in all cases. The contour of the reconstructed digits was comparable with the contralateral one. The fingers were available for a mean follow-up of 28 months (ranged, 22-39 months). The mean dimension of the great toe dorsal nail-skin flap was 8.5 × 4.0 cm (ranged, 6.5 × 3.5-11.0 × 4.5 cm). The average size of the MPAP flap was 6.5 × 4.5 cm (ranged, 5.0 × 3.5-8.0 × 5.5 cm). At the last follow-up, the functional and aesthetic consequences were satisfactory, as well as the restored sensory.ConclusionReconstruction of degloved fingers with the great toe dorsal nail-skin flap combined MPAP flap, preserving a plantar weight-bearing area, results in excellent contour and functional outcome. Donor-site morbidity in the foot was minimal.     

双侧多个足趾移植修复全手或多手指缺损

目的 评价应用双侧多个足趾移植修复全手或多手指缺损的临床疗效.方法 临床应用102例,手术方法有4种:①利用双侧第二足趾移植再造拇、手指86例;②一侧甲瓣再造拇指,另一侧第二足趾再造手指11例;③一侧甲瓣与第二足趾再造拇指和示指,另一侧第二足趾移植再造中指8例;④双侧甲瓣与第二足趾移植再造双侧拇指与示指1例. 结果 102例中除1例部分甲瓣坏死,2例第二足趾坏死,其余全部成活.62例获得1年以上的随访.再造拇手指两点辨别觉达8～14mm.小儿移植手指生长与足趾同步.所有的随访病例中除1例不能作对掌对指功能外,余全部恢复.供区:所有病例无跛行,无外翻发生. 结论 对于多手指或全手缺损,应用双侧足部多个足趾再造手指,对足部供区外形和创伤较小,手部可获得最大功能恢复.     

游离足趾和甲瓣移植再造拇手指42例

目的：介绍临床应用游离足趾、甲瓣移植再造拇手指的实践经验。方法：１９８８年起，应用游离足趾、甲瓣及姆甲瓣加第２跖趾关节联合移植等多种方法，再造拇手指４２例４５指。结果：除１例失败外，其余全部成活，成活率达９８％（４４／４５）。 ２３例经 １～２年随访，患者对再造拇手指的运动、感觉和外形，自我满意率达７８．３％（１８／２３）。结论：在选择再造拇指的术式时，如游离足趾、甲瓣、跖趾关节或带足青复合组织瓣移植等，应考虑到缺损手指数目、残端条件及工作性质等综合因素后，才能作出合理的手术方案。     

带翼状皮瓣的第二趾甲瓣修复手指皮肤套脱伤

目的解决第二趾趾甲瓣在修复手指皮肤套脱伤时，因第二趾短、细，造成手指侧方及根部皮肤难以覆盖的问题。方法对5例6指皮肤套脱伤患者，根据指背、掌侧及两侧皮肤缺损的长度，设计带翼状皮瓣的第二趾趾甲瓣。手指掌侧皮肤缺损，由第二趾跖侧皮肤覆盖，一般设计与趾根同宽；第二趾腓侧因切开后套入粗大的手指后造成的皮肤缺损由第三趾胫侧趾动脉皮瓣覆盖，第二趾胫侧趾根部缺损由蹿趾腓侧趾动脉皮瓣覆盖，其余创面长度及宽度的不足由跖背皮瓣覆盖。结果术后趾甲瓣全部存活。随访3-6个月，手指屈伸功能及外形恢复满意，手指皮肤两点分辨觉为5．9mm。结论采用带翼状皮瓣的第二趾趾甲瓣修复手指套脱伤，方法可靠，疗效满意。     

拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣瓦合并髂骨植骨再造拇指末节缺损

目的探讨拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣瓦合并髂骨植骨再造拇指末节缺损的临床疗效。方法对7例拇指末节缺损患者分别采用吻合血管拇趾甲皮瓣修复拇指背侧皮肤及指甲缺损、尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣修复拇指末节掌侧皮肤缺损、末节指骨缺损取髂骨移植。拇趾甲皮瓣供区采用游离植皮5例,同侧第2趾胫侧方皮瓣顺行覆盖2例;尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣供区均直接缝合。结果 7例拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣均顺利成活,伤口一期愈合。其中1例拇趾甲皮瓣供区植皮出现部分坏死,经换药后愈合。末节植骨愈合时间为8~11周,平均10周。去除内固定物后行规律功能锻炼。所有患者获随访6~15个月,平均8个月,移植组织成活及拇指指甲生长良好,指腹皮瓣两点辨别觉为8~10 mm(平均9 mm);足部供区皮瓣及植皮无破溃,足部功能未受影响。结论采用拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣瓦合并髂骨植骨再造拇指末节能较好地恢复拇指外形及功能,是一种较好的临床治疗方法。     

游离指固有动脉背侧支皮瓣修复指腹缺损

目的 报告应用指固有动脉背侧支皮瓣游离移植修复指腹缺损的手术方法和临床效果.方法 对6例6指指腹缺损的患者,采用指固有动脉背侧支皮瓣游离移植修复,皮瓣切取面积为1.0cm×1.0cm～2.0 6m×2.5 cm,供区为患指或邻指的近节桡背或尺背侧,供区全部采用全厚皮片植皮.结果 术后6例皮瓣全部存活,随访时间6～18个月,平均12个月,皮瓣质地、外形满意,手指功能恢复优良,远指间关节活动度为0°～60°,皮瓣两点分辨觉为6～11mm.皮瓣供区创面Ⅰ期愈合,远期随访植皮区耐磨,无破溃发生,供区指体活动未受影响.结论 应用游离指固有动脉背侧支皮瓣修复指腹缺损,手术操作相对简单,修复后指腹饱满、外形逼真并具有感觉,是一种理想的手术方法.     

Finger reconstruction with a free neurovascular wrap-around flap from the big toe

From 1983 to 1998, 16 cases of finger reconstruction with a free neurovascular wrap-around flap from the big toe were treated. Fourteen cases were successful, and two cases failed. The authors reviewed these cases on the average of about 38 months after surgery. Pinch power was 51 percent of the unaffected normal hand, and two-point discrimination was 7.6 mm. The mean resorption of the grafted bone was 13 percent in width and 9 percent in length. There were no complications such as fracture of the grafted bone, nonunion, and pulp dislodgement. This procedure provided length, stability, and adequate sensibility for a functional pinch and grasp. Sensory return to the wrap-around flap on the thumb was often greater than for the same area on the opposite foot. The donor site of the wrap-around flap was acceptable, both aesthetically and functionally, and allowed the wearing of open-toed shoes by young women. Finger reconstruction with a wrap-around flap from the big toe yielded excellent cosmetic and functional results in cases involving amputation at the level of the metacarpophalangealjoints or distal to it. In addition, this procedure was an excellent choice for treatment in cases involving avulsion injuries of the fingers and reconstruction of soft-tissue defects after tumor excision.     

Distal thumb reconstruction using a mini wrap-around flap from the great toe.

We have used a great toe mini wrap-around flap for reconstruction of the thumb at, or distal to, the interphalangeal joint. Our series included 12 patients with traumatic amputations. A flap including the entire nail and most of the distal phalanx of the great toe was used. Eleven of the grafts survived. Sensibility was good with an average of 10 mm static two-point discrimination (range, 5-15) and there were no complaints of cold intolerance. All patients were pleased with the appearance of the thumb and there was no significant morbidity at the great toe donor site. The great toe mini wrap-around flap is an excellent reconstruction technique for selected patients with distal thumb amputations.     

游离第二足趾胫侧皮瓣修复手指指腹缺损

目的 报告应用游离第二足趾胫侧皮瓣移植修复手指指腹缺损的手术方法和临床效果.方法 对70例76指手指指腹缺损的患者,采用游离第二足趾胫侧皮瓣进行修复,皮瓣切取面积为1.5 cm×1.0 cm～4.0 cm×2.5 cm.皮瓣的供血动脉采用第二足趾胫侧趾底固有动脉60指,采用第一跖背动脉一趾背动脉供血16指.足部供区采用全厚皮片加压植皮.结果 70例76指皮瓣全部存活,其中4指皮瓣在术后3 d内发生动脉危象,经手术探查后动脉危象解除.所有患者经过5～24个月(平均8个月)的随访,皮瓣质地、外形满意,手指功能恢复优良,远侧指间关节活动度为0°～60°,皮瓣两点分辨觉为4～9 mm.足部供区创面Ⅰ期愈合71趾,植皮中央区部分坏死5趾,经换药后愈合.远期随访植皮区耐磨,不妨碍行走,无破溃发生.结论 应用游离第二足趾胫侧皮瓣修复手指指腹缺损.具有手术操作相对简单、手术时间短、修复后的手指指腹饱满且外形逼真等优点,是一种理想的方法.     

Coverage of big toe defects after wrap-around flap transfer with a free soleus perforator flap

In thumb reconstruction, a wrap-around flap transfer from the big toe gives excellent results aesthetically and functionally; however, there may be some problems at the donor site, such as delayed wound healing and skin ulceration. In 10 patients, a free soleus perforator flap was used for immediate coverage of defects of the big toe with wrap-around flap procedures. Eight flaps survived completely, and the time required for wound healing was less than 1 month. Two flaps developed partial necrosis and required additional skin grafts. The average follow-up period was 46 months. There were no patients requiring defatting of the flaps. There were no patient complaints, such as postoperative skin erosion or ulceration. All patients were satisfied with the outcome. A free soleus perforator flap is an available method for covering defects of the big toe after wrap-around flap transfer.     

游离移植第1、2趾相邻侧双叶共蒂皮瓣修复相邻指掌侧组织缺损

目的 探讨游离移植第1、2趾相邻侧双叶共蒂皮瓣修复相邻指掌侧组织缺损的临床效果.方法 采用游离移植第1、2趾相邻侧双叶共蒂皮瓣修复10例相邻指掌侧组织缺损患者,缺损面积较大一侧选用第1趾腓侧皮瓣,缺损面积相对小的选用第2趾胫侧皮瓣.受区组织缺损面积2.0 cm×2.0 cm～3.5 cm×2.8 cm.结果 患者均获得...     

不同形式的第二趾甲皮瓣移植修复不同程度的手指皮肤脱套伤

目的总结第二趾甲皮瓣的临床应用效果并探索手指皮肤脱套伤最合理的治疗方案。方法根据手指皮肤脱套伤的特点,将83例95指手指皮肤脱套伤分为二度。Ⅰ度脱套伤:2～5指皮肤脱套范围自指中节中段至指尖,采用单纯第二趾甲皮瓣修复,共59指。Ⅱ度脱套伤:2～5指皮肤脱套范围自指根部至指尖,采用带足背皮瓣的第二趾甲皮瓣修复,共36指。结果95块甲皮瓣全部存活。术后65指随访8个月～5年10个月,失访30指。按中华医学会手外科学会拇、手指再造功能评定试用标准评定,优62指、良3指。结论第二趾甲皮瓣是治疗手指皮肤脱套伤最合理的方法之一。对手指皮肤脱套伤的伤情进行分度,有利于治疗方案的选择。     

Y-V血管蒂延长技术在(足母)甲瓣供区修复中的应用

目的 探讨Y-V血管蒂延长技术在<足母>甲瓣供区修复中的应用方法与效果.方法 15例躅甲瓣移植供区接受了局部岛状皮瓣修复手术,其中选用跗外侧皮瓣修复9例,选用跗内侧皮瓣5例,选用足底内侧皮瓣1例,所有皮瓣的血管蒂切取均采用了Y-V血管延长技术.结果 15例修复供区的逆转皮瓣全部成活,其中1例足底内侧皮瓣术后静脉危象,经局部放血3 d后恢复正常.术后随访6～12个月,平均10个月,修复后的躅趾长度接近正常,外观平整无臃肿,局部无溃疡和瘢痕形成,穿鞋和行走功能无影响.在3种皮瓣中,以跗内侧皮瓣修复效果最为满意.结论 Y-V血管延长技术用于<足母>甲瓣供区修复中,能使常规方法不能转移的足部局部皮瓣扩大应用范围,取得满意疗效.     

Free peroneal flap coverage of the great toe defect resulting from a wrap-around flap transfer

In thumb reconstruction, the wrap-around free flap from the great toe with distal terminal phalanx attached gives a better replica of a thumb esthetically and functionally and has many advantages. However, there are problems in the great toe, such as delayed wound healing, pain caused by long-time walking, ulceration, and skin erosion. We closed the skin defect of the great toe with a free peroneal flap in seven cases. In all cases of both the wrap-around flap and peroneal flap complete healing was obtained after the operation without trouble. The donor great toe causes no significant morbidity.     

手指Ⅳ～Ⅵ度缺损的全形再造

目的 介绍手指Ⅳ～Ⅵ度缺损的全形再造方法。 方法 自1998年12月至2010年12月,对手指Ⅳ度缺损63例85指,Ⅴ度缺损31例49指,Ⅵ度缺损17例23指进行了手指全形再造。保留4个足趾的,（足母）甲瓣供区用2趾甲皮瓣修复;保留5个足趾的,（足母）甲瓣供区用皮瓣移位或移植来修复,第2足趾关节供区取髂骨充填。手指Ⅳ度缺损和部分Ⅴ度缺损,采用（足母）趾腓背侧骨、趾甲、皮肤复合组织瓣,串1条髂骨再串第2趾近侧趾间关节的方法再造。部分近节指骨缺失长度较长的Ⅴ度缺损手指,采用（足母）趾腓背侧骨、趾甲、皮肤复合组织瓣,串l条髂骨,再串第2趾近侧趾间关节,最后还要在近节指骨残端与移植的第2趾近侧趾间关节间再串l条髂骨的方法再造。Ⅵ度缺损的手指,采用以下顺序串连：（足母）趾腓背侧骨、趾甲、皮肤复合组织瓣,串l条髂骨,串第2趾近侧趾间关节重建手指近指间关节,串l条髂骨重建近节指骨,串第2跖趾关节重建掌指关节的方法再造。 结果 再造手指157指全部成活。平均随访7个月～11年,其中75指行二期整形手术。再造手指外形美观,再造指指腹两点辨别觉为5～12mm。67指行术后肌腱松解手术,再造指间关节活动度：伸-10°～10°,屈55°～ 100°,平均81°。结论 手指Ⅳ度至Ⅵ度缺损全形再造,再造的手指兼具美观外形与良好运动功能,缺点是手术较复杂。     

第三趾胫侧趾动脉皮瓣联合第二足趾移植改善再造手指外形

目的 探讨携带第三趾胫侧趾动脉皮瓣弥补第二足趾移植时因足趾趾腹膨大、趾体狭细而导致的外形缺陷.方法 对9例10指拇、手指缺损的患者,在第二足趾移植再造拇、手指的同时,于第三趾胫侧设计并切取趾动脉皮瓣,嵌插于第二足趾中末节跖侧,增加第二足趾的周径使其接近正常拇、手指周径,同时修整趾腹,使再造拇、手指外形更接近正常.方果 术后9例10指再造拇、手指全部存活,再造指中段周径增加了6～8mm,外形明显改善.方论 第三趾胫侧趾动脉皮瓣血管恒定,切取方便,厚度适中;于第二足趾移植再造拇、手指时可一并切取,修饰第二足趾的外形,弥补再造拇、手指的外形缺陷.     

逆行桡侧小鱼际皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损

目的 探讨逆行桡侧小鱼际皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损的方法 及疗效.方法 2006年3月至2010年3月,收治13例14指软组织缺损,缺损范围1.9 cm×1.5 cm～4.0 cm×2.0 cm,均采用以小指尺掌侧固有动脉为血管蒂的逆行小鱼际皮瓣修复,皮瓣大小为2.0 cm×1.5 cm～4.0 cm ×2.0 cm.结果 术后皮瓣全部成活,供、受区切口均一期愈合.12例13指,获1～3年随访,皮瓣外观与健侧指相似,无明显色素沉着,其中1例因患掌腱膜挛缩症而出现手指瘢痕挛缩.皮瓣两点辨别觉为3.2～5.3 mm.参照关节总主动活动度/被动活动度评定标准,优12指,良1指.供区无明显不适主诉,术后2个月均重返工作岗位.结论 带感觉神经的逆行桡侧小鱼际瓣修复手指软组织缺损,效果良好,并且具有不牺牲指固有神经,供区损伤少的优点.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of reverse radial hypothenar flap for finger soft tissue defect. Methods From Mar. 2006 to Mar. 2010, 13 cases (14fingers) with finger soft tissue defects were treated with reverse radial hypothenar flaps pedicled with ulnar palmar digital artery of little finger. The defects were 1.9 cm× 1. 5cm -4. 0 cm× 2. 0 cm in size. The flap size ranged from 1.5cm× 2.0 cm to 4. 0 cm × 2. 0 cm. Results All the flaps survived completely with primary healing both in donor and recipient area. 12 cases(13 fingers)were followed up for 1-3 years. The flaps color was similar to the unaffected fingers. Cicatricial contracture happened in one case due to contracture of palmar fascia.The two-point discrimination distance on flap was 3.2-5. 3mm. The active and passive movement of finger joints was evaluated as excellent in 12 fingers, good in one finger. There was no complaint about the feeling at the donor site. Two months after operation, all patients could go back to work. Conclusions The reverse radial hypothenar flap is very suitable for finger soft tissue defect with less morbidity to donor site.