木尘接触工人肺功能配对分析

为深入了解木尘对作业工人的肺通气功能的影响,对我厂木工车间接尘工人进行肺功能检测,并与不接触尘毒的工人进行肺功能对照分析,现将结果报告如下:1 对象与方法1．1 检测对象:对我厂木工车间工龄1年以上的80名接尘工人为接尘组,其中男55例,女25例;以我厂不接触尘毒、劳动强度相似的82例工人为对照组,其中男57例,女25例。排     

电焊作业工人肺通气功能分析

电焊作业工人肺通气功能的损伤情况国内报道不多,通过肺通气功能测定来了解肺部气体交换情况是最简便有效的方法之一,为了解电焊尘对肺通气功能的影响,我们选取了90名在职业健康检查中从事电焊作业的工人,进行了肺通气功能的测定,报告如下.1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料 来我院进行职业健康体检的90名电焊作业工人(接触组),均为男性,年龄22～49岁,平均年龄35.5岁;接尘工龄2～28年,平均接尘工龄16.6年.随机抽取不接触电焊尘的90名健康男性工人为对照组,年龄21～51岁,平均年龄36岁;工龄1～30年,平均工龄17年.2组一般资料有均衡性.2组既往均无明显心肺部疾患.     

高岭土尘肺病的流行病学研究

目的 探讨高岭土粉尘危害程度和高岭土尘肺的发病特征.方法 随机选择茂名市5家高岭土加工企业和622例接尘工人进行高岭土尘肺横断面流行病学调查.结果 高岭土粉尘(总尘)短时间容许浓度(C-STEL)超标率2.53％,时间加权平均浓度(C-TWA)超标率1.90％.高岭土粉尘中游离二氧化硅(SiO2)含量平均1.25％.622例接尘工人中检出壹期高岭土尘肺9例,检出率1.45％.发病年龄平均47.43岁,发病接尘工龄平均13.91年,发病工种全部为高岭土包装工.高岭土尘肺患者多有咳嗽(66.67％)、咳痰(66.67％)和胸痛(33.33％)等症状.体征主要为干性啰音(33.33％)和呼吸音粗(22.22％).X射线胸片影像表现为圆形小阴影q影为主.肺通气功能损害占33.33％.劳动能力完全丧失或大部分丧失占33.33％.结论 高岭土粉尘对作业工人健康危害较大.高岭土尘肺以发病症状多、体征多、胸片上表现为q影为主、肺通气功能损害和劳动能力丧失明显为其特征.建议将高岭土尘肺列入国家职业病分类和目录中.     

介休市煤工尘肺患者的肺通气功能分析

目的:探讨介休市煤工尘肺患者肺通气功能的损害情况。方法:对660例男性煤工尘肺患者和300例男性接尘工人进行肺通气功能测量并比较。结果:各期煤工尘肺患者的肺活量(VC)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1.0)、FEV1.0/FVC%、25%呼气中期流速(MEF75%)、50%呼气中期流速(MEF50%)、75%呼气中期流速(MEF25%)、最大呼吸中期流速(MMEF)、最大通气量(MVV)均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),,,期煤工尘肺患者肺通气功能异常率分别为77.78%、88.54%和100.00%,明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);,期煤工尘肺患者肺通气功能损害类型主要为阻塞性和混合性,期煤工尘肺患者肺功能损害以混合性为主。结论:各期煤工尘肺患者的肺通气功能损伤明显,尘肺患者肺通气功能随尘肺期别增加而降低。     

一石料加工厂工人矽肺发病情况调查分析

某石料加工厂属民营企业,加工进口石料,产品为首饰、装饰品,共有接尘工人43人（含切割、打磨、雕刻工）：接尘工龄4个月～8年,平均值为3．06年。经胸片检查,省尘肺病鉴定委员会鉴定,共初诊发现Ⅱ期矽肺1例（接尘工龄5．3年）,Ⅰ期尘肺2例（接尘工龄分别为5．5年,4．5年）,无尘肺（0＋）3例（接尘工龄2～4．5年）;现场监测：湿式作业为主,空气粉尘浓度10～16．8mg／m^3,游离二氧化硅含量76．8％～78．2％。     

谷物粉尘对呼吸道急慢性损害的研究

对沈阳市面粉厂639名职工进行了上班一天和一周前后的症状和肺功能变化观察．结果发现谷仓工人中，重度接尘组的呼吸道症状发生率非常显地高于轻度接尘组(P<0．005)；通气功能和小气道功能均较对照组差(P<0.05或0．01)，而且上班一天或一周后．肺功能各项指标降低率两组间差异有显意义或非常显意义(P<0．05或0.01)。4年后对其中164名随访，发现重度接尘组症状加重占59．09％．轻度接尘组占40．91%。两组FEV1分别平均下降8．21士12.22％和4．135±11．14%．上述结果表明，谷物粉尘对呼吸道的通气功能、小气道功能均有急性或慢性损害作用．其程度与接尘浓度和接尘时间有关。     

介休市煤工尘肺患者的肺通气功能分析

目的：探讨介休市煤工尘肺患者肺通气功能的损害情况。方法：对660例男性煤工尘肺患者和300例男性接尘工人进行肺通气功能测量并比较。结果：各期煤工尘肺患者的肺活量（VC）、用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1．0）、FEV1．0／FVC％、25Voo呼气中期流速（MEF75％）、50％呼气中期流速（MEF50％）、75％呼气中期流速（MEF25％）、最大呼吸中期流速（MMEF）、最大通气量（MVV）均明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ期煤工尘肺患者肺通气功能异常率分别为77．78％、88．54％和100．00％，明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；Ⅰ，Ⅱ期煤工尘肺患者肺通气功能损害类型主要为阻塞性和混合性，皿期煤工尘肺患者肺功能损害以混合性为主。结论：各期煤工尘肺患者的肺通气功能损伤明显，尘肺患者肺通气功能随尘肺期别增加而降低。     

木尘对工人呼吸系统危害的调查

为了解木尘对人体健康的危害,我们于1994年5月对本区某集体木材加工工厂做了调查,结果报告如下。1 对象与方法 调查分对照组和接尘组,接尘组为锯木车间接尘五年以上的男性工人100例,并以同工龄组不接尘男性100例工人做为对照组。接尘组工龄5～20年,平均为16.2年;对照组工龄5～20年,平均15.8年。调查登记职业史,吸烟史、做内科、鼻、咽部检查,肺功能测定,拍胸片。同时对车间进行木尘浓度等卫生学调查。2 测定结果 2.1 鼻、咽部患病情况:接尘组鼻炎患病率为     

石工矽肺50例临床分析

目的 探讨石工矽肺患者的临床特征.方法 对50例石工矽肺患者进行了临床分析.结果 石工矽肺发病年龄为( 39.1±5.4)岁,发病工龄为(7.3±3.6)年,发病工种以炮工(40％)、破碎工(26％)居多.患者症状以咳嗽(60％)、胸痛(48％)、咳痰(34％)为主.胸片表现为圆形小阴影“q”占78％,“p”影占22％.肺功能轻度损伤4例(8％).血气分析异常21例(42％).心电图异常占28％.矽肺致残引致劳动能力完全丧失者占40％.结论 石工矽肺临床特征为发病年龄大,发病工龄长,呼吸道症状多,胸片表现主要为圆形小阴影“q”,肺通气功能损伤和心电图异常发生率低.石工矽肺临床表现与人造宝石加工工人矽肺相似,但比宝石加工工人矽肺轻.     

辽宁某煤矿工人矽肺病调查

目的研究煤矿工人砂肺发病情况及临床特点,为砂肺防治提供依据。方法对海州220例煤矿工人砂肺进行回顾性研究。结果煤矿工人砂肺发病以早年接尘工人为主,呼吸系统症状明显,并发症以肺结核为主,肺通气功能损害明显,X线表现以小阴影为主。结论应开展有针对性的防病措施,提过煤矿工人的健康质量。     

Pulmonary functions in plastic factory workers: a preliminary study

Exposure to long term air pollution in the work environment may result in decreased lung functions and various other health problems. A significant occupational hazard to lung functions is experienced by plastic factory workers. The present study is planned to assess the pulmonary functions of workers in the plastic factory where recycling of pastic material was done. These workers were constantly exposed to fumes of various chemicals throughout the day. Thirty one workers of plastic factory were assessed for their pulmonary functions. Parameters were compared with 31 age and sex matched controls not exposed to the same environment. The pulmonary function tests were done using Sibelmed Datospir 120 B portable spirometer. A significant decrease in most of the flow rates (MEF 25%, MEF 50%, MEF 75% and FEF 25-75%) and most of the lung volumes and capacities (FVC, FEV1, VC, TV, ERV, MVV) were observed in the workers. Smoking and duration of exposure were not affecting the lung functions as the non smokers also showed a similar decrement in pulmonary functions. Similarly the workers working for less than 5 years also had decrement in pulmonary functions indicating that their lungs are being affected even if they have worked for one year. Exposure to the organic dust in the work environment should be controlled by adequate engineering measures, complemented by effective personal respiratory protection.     

某纺织企业工人职业健康状况与工龄及学历的关系

目的对滨州市某纺织企业职工2012年的职业健康状况进行分析,为制定有效的防护措施提供依据。方法对494名接触粉尘作业职工进行职业健康体检,分析体检结果与工龄及学历的关系。结果本次共检出肺功能异常者58人,检出率11．74％;工龄≥21年组检出率最高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。本次体检共检出胸片异常者17人,检出率3．44％;工龄11～20年组检出率最高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。肺功能及胸片异常者均在学历初中及以下组检出率最高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论职业健康与职工的工龄及学历存在一定的关系,企业应针对不同人群制定有针对性的防护措施。     

Maximal expiratory flow volume curve in quarry workers

Maximal Expiratory Flow Volume (MEFV) curves were recorded with a computerized Spirometer (Med Spiror). Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volumes (FEV), mean and maximal flow rates were obtained in 25 quarry workers who were free from respiratory disorders and 20 healthy control subjects. All the functional values are lower in quarry workers than in the control subject, the largest reduction in quarry workers with a work duration of over 15 years, especially for FEF75. The effects are probably due to smoking rather than dust exposure.     

Pulmonary function studies in 15 to 18 years age workers exposed to dust in industry.

Pulmonary function tests (VC, FEV1% and FEF25-75%) were evaluated in 15 to 18 years age workers employed in slate pencil industry exposed to silica dust, in wool carpet industry exposed to wool dust and in diamond cutting and polishing exposed to carbon dust. These values were compared with the values obtained in clinically healthy non-smokers of the same age group. The results revealed significant impairment of VC in diamond workers, and FEF25-75% in slate pencil workers. When the values were observed according to smoking habits in diamond workers, VC, FEV1 and FEF25-75% were all significantly reduced in smokers whereas in non-smokers only VC was lowered significantly. Among slate pencil workers FEF25-75% was significantly reduced in both smokers and non-smokers. Wool dust exposed workers showed reduced values than normal subjects. The detailed results including the prevalence of various pulmonary impairments were presented.     

Ventilatory functions in stone quarry workers of Rajasthan

Ninety two stone quarry workers from nearby villages of Jodhpur town were, assessed for their lung functions which included measurement of Forced vital capacity (FVC), Forced expiratory volume in Ist second (FEV1), and Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). A detailed questionnaire was administered to all the workers, who were divided into group I (cutting the stone) and group II (loading and unloading the stone) depending on the nature of their Job. The presenting complaints included cough with sputum (55%), chest pain (79%), bodyache (31%) and 21% gave the history as suffering from tuberculosis. Comparison of the lung function results between two groups indicated a significant decrement of FEV1 and PEFR in group II as compared to group I workers. The observed lung functions were also found to be lower on comparison with the normative data from Rajasthan. However, no difference in observed lung function results of smokers and nonsmokers were obtained. Thus the reported lower values of lung functions independent of smoking habits, may be due to occupational stone dust exposure.     

Ventilatory and diffusion studies in smoker and non smoker flour-mill workers

Various pulmonary function tests, FVC, FEV1/FVC%, PEFR, EFR25-75, MVV and Tlco were measured in 25 asymptomatic male flour mill workers and 50 healthy subjects not working at flour mill, to assess the effect of flour dust on lungs. All the subjects of different groups were well matched in their anthropometeric parameters and socio economic status. In smoker flour mill workers significant reduction was present in both ventilatory and diffusion functions of lungs, which was more pronounced in subjects who consumed larger quantity of tobacco and were exposed to flour dust for longer duration. On the other hand deterioration of pulmonary functions in non smoker flour mill workers was found to be statistically not significant. The relative strength of both the parameters viz tobacco and flour dust for impairment of pulmonary functions is discussed for being a pointer to further studies.     

Respiratory diseases in French cork workers

A cross-sectional study on suberosis was conducted in the Champagne-Ardenne County, France, to determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, the level of pulmonary function, and the presence of precipitins against Penicillium frequentans. Thirteen of the 33 workers exposed to cork dust had respiratory symptoms excluding hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The respiratory symptoms were not correlated with tobacco habits or duration of exposure. The levels of pulmonary function were not significantly impaired. No precipitin arc against Penicillium frequentans was found in the sera of exposed workers. The varied symptomatology of suberosis may point to several different diseases, each with its own determining factor. In the present study, exposure to weak humidity and low level of cork dust were related to asthma and chronic bronchitis only, excluding hypersensitivity pneumonitis.     

Respiratory Diseases in French Cork Workers

A cross-sectional study on suberosis was conducted in the Champagne-Ardenne County, France, to determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, the level of pulmonary function, and the presence of precipitins against Penicillium frequentans. Thirteen of the 33 workers exposed to cork dust had respiratory symptoms excluding hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The respiratory symptoms were not correlated with tobacco habits or duration of exposure. The levels of pulmonary function were not significantly impaired. No precipitin arc against Penicillium frequentans was found in the sera of exposed workers. The varied symptomatology of suberosis may point to several different diseases, each with its own determining factor. In the present study, exposure to weak humidity and low level of cork dust were related to asthma and chronic bronchitis only, excluding hypersensitivity pneumonitis.     

Association between impaired lung function and coronary artery calcium score in workers exposed to inorganic dust

Reduced lung function, measured by forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) are linked to oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, which are important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Here, we assessed the association between impaired lung function and atherosclerosis (measured by coronary artery calcium score) in workers exposed to inorganic dust in Korea. Coronary artery calcium score (CACS) examination was conducted in 115 subjects from April?CJuly 2010. Of the total subjects, 90 participants completed pulmonary function tests in triplicate. Of these, we excluded 7 participants who had history of cardiovascular disease, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, or any prior history of malignancy. Finally, 83 subjects were suitable for analyses. Of a total of 83 participants, 18 subjects had a CACS value >100, while 65 subjects had a CACS value ??100. After adjustment for age, an occupational history of mining, pneumoconiosis profusion type, and conventional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, an inverse correlation was found between a CACS value >100 and FVC% predicted in our logistical regression model (odds ratio, 8.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.48?C53.97). Overall, our findings indicate an inverse relationship between restrictive lung disease and atherosclerosis risk in workers exposed to inorganic dust.     

Alteration in Cellular and Biochemical Markers of Pulmonary Toxicity in Rat Lung Exposed to Carpet Dusts

Epidemiological studies of workers in weaving units in carpet industries have shown relationships between the airborne dust concentrations and pulmonary ill health. Therefore, to predict the health risk of carpet weavers, this preliminary experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of carpet dust (knotted, tufted) on cellular and biochemical mediators considered as potential biological markers of lung injury. Lung cytoplasmic (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH), lysosomal (acid phosphatase, ACP), type II (alkaline phoshatase, ALP) and Clara-cell marker enzymes (gamma-glutamyl transferase, GGT) were monitored in rat cell-free lung lavage (BAL) during postexposure days 1, 4, 8, and 16. Furthermore, lung microsomal cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) and Clara-cell secretory protein (CC16) content in BAL was also evaluated. These pulmonary marker enzymes were significantly elevated during the postexposure period over the respective untreated control; however, tufted carpet dust shows more responses than knotted carpet dust. Lung CYP450 content was reduced significantly at early days; the pattern shows the reoccurrence of CYP450 content in the later stage of postexposure to carpet dust. Clara-cell secretory protein in BAL shows decline in the carpet-treated group; however, tufted carpet shows more decline than knotted carpet. Thus, reduction in CC16 level may have important implication in the development of chronic lung inflammation and diseases. Present investigation found that modulation of these cellular marker enzymes is clear evidence of pulmonary damage caused by exposure to carpet dust.