房角关闭机制指导下可疑原发性房角关闭患者激光干预的疗效评价

目的 根据房角关闭的不同机制,对可疑原发性房角关闭（PACS）患者行激光周边虹膜切除（LPI）术或LPI联合激光周边虹膜成形（LPIP）术,通过超声生物显微镜（UBM）评估PACS患者激光早期干预的疗效。设计 前瞻性病例系列。 研究对象2016年1月-11月在河北省邯郸市眼科医院连续就诊的PACS患者50例（65眼）。方法 根据房角关闭的不同机制,通过UBM评估患眼,对所有入选患眼均首先行LPI治疗,术后第3天复查UBM,检查提示仍存在至少一个象限房角呈接触性关闭的患者再进一步联合LPIP治疗。术后3天复查UBM,根据测量的相关参数的前后变化评价治疗效果。主要指标 UBM图像中的中央前房深度（ACD）,巩膜突前500 μm处的房角开放距离（AOD）、小梁虹膜夹角（TIA）、房角隐窝面积（ARA）、小梁睫状体距离（TCPD）、虹膜厚度（IT）。结果 65眼中,47眼（72.3%）行LPI治疗后3天UBM检查未发现存在至少一个象限的房角接触性关闭,术后AOD、TIA、TCPD、ARA较术前均明显增加（P均<0.01）,IT较术前无明显变化（P=0.465）;18眼（27.7%）行LPI术后3天,UBM提示存在至少一个象限的房角接触性关闭,联合LPIP治疗后AOD、TIA、TCPD、ARA较术前均明显增加（P均<0.01）,IT较LPI术后减少更明显（P<0.01）。结论 LPI后UBM可用于判断房角关闭的机制,并据此考虑是否联合LPIP,可进一步改善非单纯性瞳孔阻滞机制的可疑房角关闭患者的疗效。     

超声生物显微镜在青光眼白内障联合手术中的应用

目的:利用超声生物显微镜(ultrasound biomicroscope,UBM)检查的结果来指导青光眼合并白内障患者术前手术方法的选择,观察患者术后房角及其相关结构的改变。方法:对合并白内障的原发性闭角型青光眼(primary angle closure glaucoma,PACG)患者30例(30眼)行小梁切除术联合白内障小切口手法碎核晶状体摘除及人工晶状体植入。术前及术后1mo常规行视力、裂隙灯、用UBM测量前房深度(anterior chamber distance,ACD)、小梁虹膜角(tra-becular iris angle,TIA)、房角开放距离500(angle opening dis-tance,AOD500)、小梁睫状体距离(trabecular ciliary proces-ses distance,TCPD)和虹膜厚度1(iris distance,ID1)的检查,同时记录眼压的变化并进行分析。结果:术后眼压较术前明显降低。ACD、TIA、AOD500、TCPD术前术后比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。ID1术前术后比较无显著性差异。结论:青光眼白内障联合手术可明显加深前房,增宽房角,重新开放小梁网。远期效果待于更多样本、更长时间的术后观察。     

Ultrasound biomicroscopic study of anterior segment changes after phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens implantation

PURPOSE: To report quantitative changes in the anterior segment configuration after clear corneal incision phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens (IOL) implantation by means of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized, comparative (self-controlled) trial. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-one eyes of 19 patients with senile or presenile cataracts and no other ocular illness. METHODS: Patients were examined with UBM before and 1 and 3 months after surgery. At each UBM examination, axial images of the anterior chamber and radial sections of the angle at the superior, lateral, inferior, and medial quadrants were obtained. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Central anterior chamber depth (ACD), iris-lens contact distance, iris-lens angle (ILA), angle opening distance at points 250 (AOD250) and 500 microm (AOD500) from the scleral spur, trabecular-iris angle (TIA), iris thickness 500 microm from the scleral spur (IT), trabecular-ciliary process distance (TCPD), iris-ciliary process distance (ICPD), iris-zonule distance, iris-sclera angle (ISA), and ciliary process-sclera angle (CPSA). After surgery, central anterior chamber depth was also measured from the cornea to the IOL (ACD) and from the cornea to the pupillary plane (ACD2). Each variable was measured twice in different days by the same observer. RESULTS: The variables IT, TCPD, ICPD, IZD, and CPSA did not significantly change after surgery (P > 0.01). Central anterior chamber depth increased approximately 30% after surgery (approximately 850 microm; P < 0.001), by both measurement methods used (ACD x ACD and ACD x ACD2). Anterior chamber angle significantly increased, by approximately 50% of the initial value, by the three measurement methods used: AOD250 (P 相似文献   

Comparison of ultrasound biomicroscopy and spectral-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography in evaluation of anterior segment after laser peripheral iridotomy

AIM: To quantitatively assess narrow anterior chamber angle using spectral-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SD-AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and to evaluate the correlations and consistency between SD-AS-OCT and UBM. METHODS: Fifty-five eyes from 40 patients were examined. Patients were diagnosed with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) remission (11 eyes from 8 patients), primary angle closure (PAC, 20 eyes from 20 patients) and PAC suspect (24 eyes from 12 patients). Each eye was examined by SD-AS-OCT and UBM after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI). The measurements of SD-AS-OCT were angle open distance (AOD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), trabecular iris angle (TIA), and trabecular iris space area (TISA). UBM measurements were AOD and TIA. Correlations of AOD500 and TIA500 between UBM and AS-OCT were assessed. All parameters were analysed by SPSS 16.0 and MedCalc. RESULTS: ACA, TIA and AOD measured by SD-AS-OCT reached a maximum at the temporal quadrant and minimum at the nasal quadrant. TISA reached the maximum at the inferior and minimum at the superior quadrant. Group parameters of AOD500 and AOD750 showed a linear positive correlation, and AOD750 had less variability. UBM outcomes of AOD500 and TIA500 were significantly smaller than those of SD-AS-OCT. The results of the two techniques were correlated at the superior, nasal and inferior quadrants. CONCLUSION: Both UBM and SD-AS-OCT are efficient tools for follow-up during the course of PACG. We recommended using parameters at 750 µm anterior to the sclera spur for the screening and follow-up of PACG and PAC. The two methods might be alternatives to each other.     

应用超声生物显微镜观察白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术后前房容积的改变

目的 应用超声生物显微镜(ultrasound biomicroscopy UBM)量化观察具有浅前房、窄房角结构和正常前房深度、宽房角结构的白内障患者在行了白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术后前房容积的改变,旨在探讨白内障手术对前房容积的影响,对手术时机的选择提供安全有效的临床依据.方法 选取具有浅前房、窄房角结构和正常前房深度、宽房角结构的白内障患者作为对照组,每组患者各40例(40只眼),均采用透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化后房型人工晶状体植入术,于术前和术后1个月用UBM观测前房深度(ACD)、小梁虹膜夹角(TIA)、房角开放距离(AOD250、AOD500)、小梁睫状体距离(TCPD)、虹膜睫状体距离(ICPD)、虹膜晶状体接触距离(ILCD)和前房角隐窝面积(ARA),同时记录眼压的变化和各级房角的人数构成比,对结果进行比较分析.结果 全部患者术后除ILCD值比术前明显减小以外,其余各项值ACD、TIA、AOD250、AOD500、TCPD、ICPD、ARA均较术前明显增加,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.001).术后眼压平均下降(3.77143±1.84368)mmHg,较术前差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).对宽房角组患者进行手术前后的比较,各测量值均较术前明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),术后眼压平均下降(2.49714±1.05482)mmHg,较术前明显下降(P<0.001).对窄房角组患者进行手术前后的比较,术后各测量值比术前大大增加,差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.001),术后眼压较术前明显降低,平均下降(5.04571±1.56287)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001 ).分别对窄房角组和宽房角组患者进行术前结构的比较和术后结构的比较,除ICPD值外,其余各值二组间均存在显著性差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).将二组患者手术前后的变化程度进行比较,窄房角组ACD、AOD250、AOD500、TIA、ARA值的变化程度显著大于宽房角组,差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01).手术前后的房角构成差异有统计学意义(P <0.001),术后宽角显著增多.结论 白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶体植入术后,前房加深,房角增宽,前房容积显著增加,眼压也有一定程度的下降.具有浅前房、窄房角结构的白内障患者,手术前、后的变化程度更为显著.UBM可以明确有无晶体因素引起的瞳孔阻滞,当发现此情况时,可以将白内障手术时机提早,使具有窄房角解剖因素的白内障患者避免因晶体膨胀、瞳孔阻滞而引起的青光眼的发生,在一定程度上起到预防的作用.

Abstract：

Objective To study and analyze the changes of anterior chamber cubage of senile cataract patients before and after the surgery of phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation with ultrasound biomicroscopy quantitatively, to explore the influence of anterior chamber angle and anterior chamber cubage caused by senile cataract, and to provide safe and effective basis of cataract surgery options.Methods Small-incision phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation start from transparent cornea were performed in 80 eyes of 80 senior patients whom were divided into two groups: one group with normal anterior chamber structure, another group of shallow anterior chamber and narrow anterior chamber angle, measured numerical values of ACD (anterior chamber distance), AOD250 (angle-opening distance at 250μ m from the scleral spur)and AOD500 (angle-opening distance at 500μ m from the scleral spur), TIA500 (trabecular iris angle at 500μ m from the scleral spur), Trabecular ciliary processes distance (TCPD), iris ciliary body distance (ICPD),iris lens contact distance (ILCD) and angle recess area (ARA).At the same time, the intraocular pressures were also recorded.The number of people at all levels of composition ratio of angle and intraocular pressure by using ultrasound biomicroscopy before operation and one month later to analysis.Results In all patients, the measurements of ACD, AOD250, AOD500, TIA, TCPD, ICPD, and ARA were increased significantly after the operation except for ILCD after the operation.The intraocular pressure was also reduced to some extent after the operation.There were significant differences between two groups in ACD, AOD250, AOD500, TIA, TCPD,ICPD, and ARA except for ICPD before and after the surgery.The measurements and the intraocular pressure change more in the group of shallow anterior chamber caused by senile cataract.To compare the extent of change in two groups, the degree of change in group with narrow anterior chamber angle was significantly greater than in normal eyes group.The composition of angle had statistically significant difference pre-operation and post-operation (P<0.001), and wide-angle increased significantly after surgery.Conclusions Small incision phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation surgery deepens the anterior chamber, widens anterior chamber angle and increases anterior chamber cubage significantly compared with the preoperative patients,and it also reduces intraocular pressure to some extent after the operation.The added value of anterior chamber cubage is more prominent in the patients with narrow anterior chamber and shallow anterior chamber angle.Ultrasound biomicroscopy can confirm the situation of crystal-induced pupillary block.The study indicates that small incision phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation surgery in an early stage of senile cataract with anatomical factors of narrow angle can be effective in reducing intraocular pressure, preventing the occurrence of glaucoma caused by crystal expansion and pupillary block, which plays a role in the prevention and treatment in a certain extent.     

Ultrasound biomicroscopic quantification of the change in anterior chamber angle following laser peripheral iridotomy in early chronic primary angle closure glaucoma

AIMS: To prospectively evaluate by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and gonioscopy the anterior chamber angle widening following laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in eyes with early chronic primary angle closure glaucoma (CACG). METHODS: A total of 55 eyes of 55 patients with CACG presenting with less than 180 degrees peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) were enrolled in the study. Angles were assessed by gonioscopy (Shaffer's grading) and UBM, before and 4 weeks after LPI. The angle opening distance at 250 and 500 microm from the scleral spur (AOD 250 and AOD 500) was computed. Results were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: In the quadrant with LPI, the mean gonioscopy grade increased significantly from 0.45 to 1.45 (P<0.001) and the mean AOD 250 and AOD 500 increased from 38.5+/-25.9 to 83.5+/-48.4 microm (P<0.001) and 110.2+/-80.9 to 170.6+/-83.4 microm (P<0.001), respectively. The angles widened significantly in the opposite quadrant on UBM (AOD 250: 48.8+/-31.5-82.7+/-43.9 microm, P<0.001; AOD 500:117.2+/-65.5-172.2+/-81.7 microm; P<0.001), but the median gonioscopy grade remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: LPI significantly widened the anterior chamber angle in the quadrant with LPI and the quadrant furthest away in patients of CACG with established glaucomatous damage. This change was much better appreciated by the UBM than gonioscopy.     

原发性前房角关闭眼激光周边虹膜切开术后前房角形态学变化

目的 定量检测和评价原发性前房角关闭(PAC)眼行激光周边虹膜切开(LPI)术后前房角形态学变化.方法 临床病例系列研究.对入选的31例(54只眼)PAC患者于LPI术前、术后2周、6及12个月,进行眼科常规检查,定量检测超声活体显微镜(UBM)图像中前房角的各项参数.各随访时间点的UBM参数比较采用重复测量的方差分析,巩膜突前750μm与500 μm处各参数的比较采用配对t检验.结果 LPI术后前房深度较术前加深0.10 mm,但差异并无统计学意义(F=3.50,P＞0.05).LPI术前,巩膜突前750 μm处,前房角开放距离(66.2±51.6) μm,小梁网与虹膜间夹角5.0°±3.5°,前房角隐窝面积(0.025±0.017)mm2,小梁网与睫状突距离(571.0±97.2) μm;LPI术后2周、6及12个月,巩膜突前750 μm处,前房角开放距离分别为(165.0±70.3)、(185.8±68.5)及(196.1±77.7)μm,小梁网与虹膜间夹角分别为(11.9±4.9)、(13.3±4.8)及14.0°±5.4°,前房角隐窝面积分别为(0.058±0.024)、(0.065±0.023)及(0.068±0.026)mm2,小梁网与睫状突间距离分别为(647.1±113.0)、(701.8±93.4)及(670.1±95.4) μm,均较LPI术前增加,差异均有统计学意义(前房角开放距离:F =92.60,小梁网与虹膜间夹角:F=92.60,前房角隐窝面积:F=92.60,小梁网与睫状突间距离:F =34.00;P ＜0.05).术后前房角开放距离、小梁网与虹膜间夹角及前房角隐窝面积均较术前增加1倍以上.巩膜突前750 μm处检测参数的增加幅度均较巩膜突前500 μm处大(前房角开放距离:t=5.90,P＜0.05;小梁网与虹膜间夹角:t=2.70,P＜0.05;前房角隐窝面积:t=2.00;P =0.05).结论 LPI能显著增宽PAC眼的周边前房角,且随访观察1年期间前房角仍开放.巩膜突前750 μm处的参数比500μm处参数对评价周边前房角形态变化更为敏感.     

急性原发性房角关闭对侧眼激光周边虹膜切除术后接触性房角关闭的研究

目的了解急性原发性房角关闭（APAC）对侧眼激光周边虹膜切除术（LPI）后接触性房角关闭的发生率和眼部解剖特征。方法前瞻性研究。选择54例APAC对侧眼没有虹膜前黏连（PAS）的患者作为研究对象,平均年龄（67．1±7．2）岁（54—83岁）。采用超声生物显微镜（UBM）在暗环境下观察LPI后是否发生接触性房角关闭．并比较发生接触性房角关闭与不发生接触性房角关闭患眼的眼压、房角及各项UBM参数,包括房角开放距离。（AOD跏）、房角隐窝面积,。（ARA750）、小梁虹膜夹角（T—I角）、小梁睫状体距离（TCPD）、周边虹膜厚度（IT1）、虹膜悬韧带距离（IZD）、虹膜根部附着位置、中央前房深度（ACD）。对两组数据采用独立样本t检验及两样本秩和检验进行分析。结果LPI后暗环境下UBM检查至少一个象限发生接触性房角关闭的有20例,占37％。反映房角开放程度的指标（AOD500、ARA750、T-I角）和反映睫状体位置的指标（TCPD）：接触性房角关闭（＋）组小于（-）组（t=11．741、11．089、12．175、4．349,P均〈0．01）;反映虹膜形态和位置的指标IT1：接触性房角关闭（＋）组大于（-）组（t=-3．300,P=0．002）;IZD、虹膜根部附着位置及ACD比较,两组差异无统计学意义（t=-1．880,P=0．066;Z=-1．423,P=0．155;t=0．072,P=0．942）。结论APAC对侧眼LPI后在暗环境下仍有一定比例发生接触性房角关闭,房角窄、睫状体前位、周边虹膜厚是LPI后发生接触性房角关闭的解剖学特点,提示LPI后具有这些解剖特点的APAC患者有可能进展为慢性房角关闭。     

玻璃体切割术后早期高眼压的UBM临床观察

目的 通过超声生物显微镜（UBM）对玻璃体切割手术前后患眼进行检测比较,探讨玻璃体切割术后早期高眼压的发病机制。方法 应用UBM观察玻璃体切割手术前后患者眼前节结构的变化,分别比较有晶状体组、人工晶状体组术前术后各测量参数的变化。结果 高眼压组术后瞳孔阻滞,睫状体全周脱离、水肿、前旋。参数测量：有晶状体组的高眼压组与正常眼压组前房深度相比差异有统计学意义（t=2.000,P=0.049）,房角开放距离500高眼压组与正常眼压组相比差异有统计学意义（t=2.069,P=0.050）。人工晶状体组的高眼压组与正常眼压组前房深度相比有统计学意义（t=2.066,P=0.050）,高眼压组与正常眼压组睫状体厚度比较差异有统计学意义（t=1.926,P=0.037）。结论 术后睫状体水肿前旋致前房变浅、房角变窄,导致眼压升高,参数测量提示有晶状体高眼压组术后较术前有前房变浅、房角开放程度减小的趋势。     

Assessment of anterior chamber angle changes after phacoemulsification with swept-source OCT

AIM: To assess the changes of anterior chamber angle in patients with shallow anterior chamber after phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, based on anterior segment swept-source optical coherence tomography (AS-SS-OCT) measurements. METHODS: This was a prospective case control study; sixty eyes of sixty case were scheduled for cataract surgery with normal intraocular pressure (IOP). Based on anterior chamber depth (ACD) and gonioscopy findings, the eyes were divided into two groups: group of shallow anterior chamber and narrow angle (SAC group, 30 eyes); and group of normal anterior chamber group with wide angle (NAC group, 30 eyes). Measurements of ACD, anterior chamber volume (ACV), iris volume (IV), lens vault (LV), angle opening distance (AOD), angle recess area (ARA), trabecular iris space area (TISA), and trabecular iris angle (TIA) were conducted in each group before and 3mo after surgery. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in age, axial length (AL), corneal curvature, corneal diameter, intraocular pressure, and IV between two groups before surgery, except for the LV (P=0.000). ACD and ACV were prominently larger in the NAC group than the SAC group 3mo after operation (3.69±0.38 vs 3.85±0.39 mm, P=0.025; 161.37±19.47 vs 178.26±20.30 mm3, P=0.002). AOD750, ARA750 in nasal and inferior quadrants, TISA750 in all quadrants except temporal, and TIA750 in all quadrants in SAC group were significantly smaller than those in NAC group after operation (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Cataract surgery can deepen anterior chamber and increase the width of anterior chamber angle in Chinese subjects, but the angle related parameters including AOD750, ARA750, TISA750, TIA, TISA750, and ACV in patients with shallow anterior chamber and narrow angle do not reach the normal level.     

The effect of laser iridotomy on the anterior segment anatomy of patients with plateau iris configuration

PURPOSE: To determine if laser iridotomy altered the anterior segment anatomy of patients with plateau iris configuration. METHODS: Twenty eyes of 9 female and 1 male patients were imaged using an ultrasound biomicroscope within 19 weeks before and 52 weeks after laser iridotomy. Measurements obtained included the anterior chamber depth (ACD), trabecular-ciliary process distance (TCPD), iris thickness (IT), angle opening distance at 500 micrometers (AOD), iridozonular distance (IZD), and trabecular-iris angle (TIA). Comparisons of the pre- and post- iridotomy measurements were made using a two-tailed paired t test. RESULTS: Laser iridotomy elicited no statistically significant change in ACD, TCPD, IT, AOD, or TIA. However, IZD was decreased (P < 0.05) in both eyes after laser iridotomy. Configuration of the irides was flat before and after laser iridotomies. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that laser iridotomy did not alter anterior segment anatomy, probably because of the fixed anterior insertion of the iris and ciliary body in plateau iris configuration. The decrease in IZD distance may be the result of a small posterior movement of the iris due to a reduction in relative pupillary block, secondary to laser iridotomy. The small reduction in relative papillary block in plateau iris configuration does not alter the width of the anterior chamber angle as measured by AOD and TIA.     

原发性急性闭角型青光眼小梁切除术前后眼前节超声生物显微镜测量比较

目的通过超声生物显微镜（UBM）眼前节测量了解急性闭角型青光眼行小梁切除术后眼前节组织空间结构变化。方法对20例（21只眼）急性闭角型青光眼患者,术前及术后3个月行UBM测量中央前房深度、房角开放距离、小梁网睫状突距离、虹膜厚度、虹膜晶状体接触距离。结果术前与术后比较,中央前房深度、小梁网睫状突距离、虹膜厚度无统计学差异（P〉0．05）,房角开放距离、虹膜晶状体接触距离差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论急性闭角型青光眼患者行小梁切除术后,房角开放距离增加,瞳孔阻滞缓解,但睫状突前位没有改变。UBM是一种客观的、有效的随访工具。     

A prospective ultrasound biomicroscopy evaluation of changes in anterior segment morphology after laser iridotomy in Asian eyes

PURPOSE: To prospectively quantify changes in anterior segment morphology after laser iridotomy using gonioscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). DESIGN: Prospective comparative observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-five fellow eyes of patients presenting with acute primary angle closure (APAC). METHODS: The fellow eyes of patients presenting with APAC were examined with UBM, A-scan ultrasonography, and optical pachymetry at presentation and 2 weeks after sequential argon/neodymium yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI). UBM images were analyzed using UBM Pro 2000 software. Baseline measurements were made both under standard lighting conditions and in darkness to look for changes in anterior segment findings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The degree of angle opening was measured using the angle-opening distance (AOD) at 250 and 500 microm from the scleral spur (AOD250 and AOD500, respectively) and angle recess area (ARA). RESULTS: Fifty-five Asian patients were examined; AOD250, AOD500, and ARA all significantly increased after sequential laser iridotomy (P < 0.002). Gonioscopic grading of the angle opening significantly increased in all 4 quadrants (P < 0.001). The Van Herick grade of limbal anterior chamber depth increased (P < 0.001), whereas the number of eyes classified as occludable decreased (73%-33%, P < 0.001). Anterior chamber depth did not change significantly (2.41 mm +/- 0.28 mm vs. 2.42 mm +/- 0.30 mm, P = 0.43) as measured with optical pachymetry. Increased illumination increased the angle-opening measures, but induced a different alteration in peripheral iris morphology. Illumination-induced changes were greater after iridotomy than before laser treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In Asian eyes at high risk of developing APAC, sequential LPI produced a significant widening of the anterior chamber angle without deepening the anterior chamber centrally. LPI produces changes in iris morphology that are different from those caused by an increase in illumination, indicating that different mechanisms account for angle opening under these 2 conditions.     

原发性闭角型青光眼患者一级亲属眼前节结构特点

目的：研究原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)患者一级亲属的眼前节结构特点。方法：选择2020-09/2022-10于南昌大学附属眼科医院就诊的40-60岁PACG一级亲属48例48眼作为观察组,同时纳入同年龄段、无青光眼及青光眼家族史的健康体检者40例40眼为对照组,按年龄分为低龄组(40-49岁)和高龄组(50-60岁)。所有研究对象均行超声生物显微镜(UBM)检查,使用camera measure测量软件进行测量,主要测量指标包括前房深度(ACD)、前房面积(ACA)、前房宽度(ACW)、眼前节深度(ASD)、房角开放距离(AOD500)、小梁虹膜夹角(TIA)、小梁虹膜间面积(TISA500)、晶状体拱高(LV)、虹膜曲率(IC)、虹膜厚度(IT500)、巩膜睫状突夹角(SCPA)及虹膜睫状突距离(ICPD)。比较两组各指标。结果：观察组ACD、ACA、AOD500、TISA500、TIA均比对照组小,LV、IC均比对照组大(均P&#x003C;0.05)。高龄观察组ACD、ACA、AOD500、TISA500、TIA明显小于同龄对照组,LV、IC大于同龄对照组(均P&#x003C;0.05); 低龄观察组ACD、AOD500、TISA500、TIA明显小于同龄对照组,LV、IC显著大于同龄对照组(均P&#x003C;0.05)。高龄观察组的ACD、ACA、AOD500、TISA500、TIA均显著小于低龄观察组,LV、IC显著大于低龄观察组(均P&#x003C;0.05)。观察组与对照组ACD分布有差异(P&#x003C;0.05),其中中重度浅前房的占比约为对照组的10倍。相关性分析表明,TISA500与ACD、ACA呈正相关,与LV、IC呈负相关,TISA500主要受LV影响。IC与LV呈正相关,与ACD、ACA呈负相关。结论：正常眼轴的PACG一级亲属存在房角关闭的高风险性。PACG一级亲属的眼前节结构较正常人拥挤,晶状体前移可能是导致房角狭窄的始动影响因素。     

激光虹膜成形术治疗非瞳孔阻滞型房角关闭

目的观察激光周边虹膜成形术对非瞳孔阻滞型房角关闭的治疗效果。方法病例系列研究:对17例(31只眼)非瞳孔阻滞型原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)于周边虹膜切除术后进行激光周边虹膜成形术治疗,采用超声生物显微镜于术前和术后1周测量房角宽度和虹膜厚度,并应用前房角镜观察房角粘连情况。随访3～17月,平均8月。结果激光周边虹膜成形术后一周,房角开放距离(AOD)较术前明显增大(P<0.01),小梁虹膜夹角(TIA)增宽、部分患者周边虹膜前粘连(PAS)减少、周边虹膜变薄,随诊期间未发现高眼压及前房角进行性粘连。结论激光虹膜成形术可以明显加深非瞳孔阻滞型PACG的周边前房,增宽房角入口,从而预防房角粘连的进一步进展。     

Comparison between the anterior chamber configuration in the supine position and that in the prone position in patients with narrow angle]

PURPOSE: To determine whether the anterior chamber configuration of patients with narrow angle is changed in the prone position. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 16 eyes of 16 patients whose anterior chamber angle was classified as Shaffer 2 or narrower. The prone position test(PPT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) were performed on every subject. In the UBM examination, the following parameters were measured both in the supine position and in the prone position: the angle-opening distance at 250 microns from scleral spur(AOD 250), the angle-opening distance at 500 microns from scleral spur(AOD 500), the trabecular-iris angle(TIA), and the anterior chamber depth at the center of the cornea(anterior chamber depth, ACD). RESULTS: While the intraocular pressure was higher after PPT than before the test, every subject was evaluated as negative for PPT. Mean value of every parameter examined was lower in the prone position than in the supine position(AOD 250: 114 microns, vs. 128 microns, AOD 500: 121 microns vs. 144 microns, TIA: 12.1 degrees vs. 15.5 degrees, ACD: 1966 microns vs. 2002 microns), and the change in ACD was statistically significant (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: The anterior chamber configuration of patients with narrow angle is changed in prone position. Such a change can occur in patients classified as negative for PPT.     

Anterior chamber structural change in postural variation in pseudoexfoliation syndrome

PURPOSE: The anterior chamber structure in the supine position and the prone position was investigated with ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PE). METHODS: We studied 12 eyes of 12 PE subjects. Patients were placed in the supine position for 30 minutes, after which UBM was performed. The UBM was repeated after 30 minutes in the prone position. Anterior chamber depth (ACD), angle opening distance 500 microns (AOD 500), and angle recess area (ARA) in 4 quadrants were measured. RESULTS: Following the postural change from the supine position to the prone position, ACD decreased significantly (p < 0.0001). AOD 500 and ARA decreased significantly in the superior (AOD 500: p < 0.05, ARA: p = 0.03) and temporal quadrants (AOD 500: p < 0.0001, ARA: p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The anterior chamber structural change was greater in the temporal and superior quadrants in the PE eyes. This corresponds with previous reports that zonular involvement by pseudoexfoliation material is more pronounced temporally and superiorly.     

Ultrasound biomicroscopic imaging demonstrate thinner ciliary body thickness in eyes with angle closure

AIM: To compare the ciliary body thickness between eyes with primary angle closure (PAC) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) with the normal eyes, and to investigate the association between ciliary body thickness and ciliary processes situation. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 57 patients with PAC/PACG were matched to 57 normal subjects after propensity score matching (PSM) adjusting for age and gender. All subjects underwent conventional ocular examinations and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) examination, among which the patients with PAC/PACG performed the examinations one month after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI). Quantitative parameters were measured, which included ciliary body thickness at the position of 1 mm posterior to the scleral spur (CBT1), trabecular-ciliary process distance (TCPD) and trabecular-ciliary process angle (TCA). RESULTS: Eyes with PAC/PACG presented significantly thinner CBT1, shorter TCPD and smaller TCA (P<0.001) than the normal eyes, both in comparison of the means of four quadrants and in comparisons of each quadrant. After removing images with peripheral anterior synechia (PAS), the same results were also found in comparisons between the two groups. Significant correlations were found between TCPD (R2=0.537, P<0.001) and TCA (R2=0.517, P<0.001) with CBT1. CONCLUSION: Eyes with PAC/PACG have thinner ciliary body thickness and more anteriorly situated ciliary processes. Thinner ciliary body thickness is associated with anterior situation of the ciliary processes.     

老年人可疑房角关闭眼的超声生物显微镜研究

目的:利用超声生物显微镜(UBM)结合A超定量测量老年人可疑房角关闭眼的眼前段生物学参数,探讨老年人发生急性房角关闭的潜在解剖因素以利青光眼的早期预防。方法:回顾性分析年龄55～83岁临床诊断为可疑房角关闭患者33例35眼。随机选取年龄55～80岁的健康志愿者25例25眼作为对照组。应用UBM测量两组的中央前房深度(ACD),房角开放距离500(AOD500),虹膜晶状体接触距离(ILCD),小梁睫状体距离(TCPD),睫状体绕巩膜突向前旋转角度(B角),虹膜厚度(IT)。应用A超测量两组的晶状体厚度(LT),眼轴长度(AL)。并计算出晶状体相对位置(RLP)。结果:老年人可疑房角关闭眼与正常对照组相比,晶状体相关参数:RLP明显偏前(P<0.01),LT增加(P<0.05),ILCD增加(P<0.01),差异具有统计学意义;睫状体相关参数:TCPD,B角明显减小(P<0.01),差异具有统计学意义;前房相关参数:ACD,AOD500明显减小(P<0.01),差异具有统计学意义;虹膜参数:IT基本无差异(P>0.05)。结论:老年人发生急性房角关闭的危险因素是晶状体位置厚度的改变,并且存在有睫状体位置的前移前旋。     

Increasing the size of a small peripheral iridotomy widens the anterior chamber angle: an ultrasound biomicroscopy study

PURPOSE: A peripheral iridotomy (PI) is the treatment of choice for pupillary block. In this study we investigated the effect of enlarging the size of a small PI on the anterior chamber angle in patients with angle closure using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who had been treated with laser peripheral iridotomy for angle closure and were identified to have a small patent PI (< 100 microm) with still appositionally closed anterior chamber angle were selected prospectively. The anterior chamber angle was assessed using UBM. The angle opening distance 500 microm from the scleral spur (AOD500) as well as the anterior and posterior chamber depth (ACD and PCD) 1000 microm from the scleral spur was measured. In addition, the ACD/PCD ratio was calculated. Afterwards, the PI was enlarged using an Nd: YAG laser and the UBM measurements were repeated as described above. RESULTS: Six eyes of six patients were examined. After the enlargement of the PI the average AOD500 increased from 109 microm (+/- 36) to 147 microm (+/- 40) (p < 0.05). The ACD/PCD ratio increased from 0.36 (+/- 0.065) to 0.67 (+/- 0.185) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients with a small PI and appositionally closed anterior chamber angle should have a repeated laser treatment. The ACD/PCD ratio, measured 1000 microm from the sclerl spur, is a new method to describe the features and changes of the anterior chamber angle taking into account the configuration of the iris and the posterior chamber depth.