The relationship between basal metabolic rate and femur bone mineral density in men with traumatic spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between basal metabolic rate (BMR) and hip bone mineral density (BMD) in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to determine whether neurologic factors contribute to this relationship. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Inpatient SCI unit in a rehabilitation hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty men with chronic (time since injury, >1 y) traumatic SCI with an American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grade A or B. Subjects' mean age was 32 years (range, 20-45 y). INTERVENTIONS: All participants were evaluated with neurologic examination to define the level and severity of injury. BMR was determined by indirect calorimetry, and BMD was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Patients were allocated to osteoporotic, osteopenic, and normal bone density groups according to World Health Organization criteria. DXA was used also to estimate lean- and fat-tissue mass (in kilograms) by standard methods. DXA measurements were performed on the same day as BMR analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: DXA and indirect calorimetry. RESULTS: BMR correlated significantly with BMD of the total femur, femur neck, trochanter, and shaft. However, there was no correlation between BMR and femur Ward's triangle. These correlations were stronger in patients with tetraplegia. There was a moderate correlation between BMR and lean tissue mass (r = .66, P < .001), although femur BMD values did not correlate with lean tissue mass in our study group (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: BMR is closely associated with BMD in men with SCI.     

绝经后妇女雌激素受体基因多态性与骨密度的相关性

目的:探讨雌激素受体(ER)基因XbaⅠ及PvuⅡ多态性与广州地区部分汉族绝经后妇女骨密度相互关系。方法:随机筛选年龄42～75岁广州汉族妇女157例,采用双能X线吸收法测其全身、腰椎2～4、股骨颈、Ward'三角和大转子区等部位的骨密度值,并采用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性方法检测其外周血白细胞基因组ER基因型。结果:157例受试对象中,ER基因XbaⅠ及PvuⅡ基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg定律。携带XXPp基因型的个体在多个部位拥有较高的骨密度值,差异有统计学意义。结论:ER基因XbaⅠ及PvuⅡ多态性与广州汉族绝经后妇女的骨密度有一定的相关性,XXPp是一种对骨量有益的基因型。     

Bone mineral density in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors

PURPOSE: The overall purpose of this longitudinal 18-month study was to test the feasibility and effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. The purpose of this article is to describe the baseline bone mineral density (BMD) findings for 30 postmenopausal women and to compare these BMD findings to time since menopause, body mass index, and tamoxifen use. DATA SOURCES: Baseline data of BMD findings for 30 postmenopausal women, who have had a variety of treatments including surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy and or tamoxifen, and are enrolled in the 18-month longitudinal study. A demographic questionnaire and a three day dietary record were used to collect baseline data. CONCLUSIONS: Eighty percent of the women with breast cancer history had abnormal BMDs at baseline (t-scores below -1.00 SD). Thinner women showed a greater risk for accelerated trabecular bone loss at the spine and hip. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: These findings suggest the need for early BMD assessments and for aggressive health promotion intervention strategies that include a multifaceted protocol of drug therapy for bone remodeling, 1500 mg of daily calcium, 400 IU vitamin D and a strength weight training program that is implemented immediately following chemotherapy treatment and menopause in this high risk population of women.     

血清骨钙素水平与绝经后女性2型糖尿病患者骨密度的关系

目的:探讨血清骨钙素水平与绝经后女性2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes,T2DM)患者骨密度(bone minaral density,BMD)间的关系。方法:本研究为回顾性分析,共纳入505例绝经后女性,其中T2DM住院患者305例,非糖尿病对照者200例,采用双能X线骨密度仪(DXA)检测腰椎(第2至第4腰椎)、股骨颈和全髋的BMD,同时检测血清骨钙素(osteocalcin,OC)水平。结果:与正常对照组相比,T2DM组患者的血清OC水平显著降低(P<0.05),腰椎、股骨颈、全髋的BMD及体质量指数显著增高(P<0.01)均呈显著负相关;校正年龄、体质量指数和糖尿病病程后,血清OC水平与腰椎及全髋的BMD间仍存在明显的负相关。结论:血清OC水平与绝经后女性T2DM患者腰椎及全髋的BMD密切相关,随着OC水平的升高,BMD呈下降趋势,提示血清OC水平可作为早期筛查绝经后女性T2DM患者骨质疏松的生化指标,结合血清OC水平和BMD能更好地预测绝经后女性T2DM患者的骨质疏松和骨折的风险。     

Association of physical performance measures with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between physical performance measures and bone mineral density (BMD) in older women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING: University research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Healthy postmenopausal women (N=116; mean age +/- standard deviation, 68.3+/-6.8y) in self-reported good health who were not taking medications known to affect bone, including hormone replacement therapy. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anthropometrics and BMD of the hip, spine, whole body, and forearm. Physical performance measures included normal and brisk 8-m gait speed, normal step length (NSL), brisk step length (BSL), timed 1-leg stance (OLS), timed sit-to-stand (STS), and grip strength. RESULTS: NSL, BSL, normal gait speed, brisk gait speed, OLS, and grip strength correlated significantly with several skeletal sites ( r range, .19-.38; P <.05). In multiple regression models containing body mass index, hours of total activity, total calcium intake, and age of menarche, NSL, BSL, normal and brisk gait speeds, OLS, and grip strength were all significantly associated with BMD of various skeletal sites (adjusted R 2 range, .11-.24; P <.05). Analysis of covariance showed that subjects with longer step lengths and faster normal and brisk gait speeds had higher BMD at the whole body, hip, and spine (brisk speed only). Those with a longer OLS had greater femoral neck BMD, and those with a stronger grip strength had greater BMD in the whole body and forearm ( P <.05). STS was not related to any skeletal site. CONCLUSIONS: Normal and brisk gait speed, NSL, BSL, OLS, and grip strength are all associated with BMD at the whole body, hip, spine, and forearm. Physical performance evaluation may help with osteoporosis prevention and treatment programs for postmenopausal women when bone density scores have not been obtained or are unavailable.     

氟伐他汀对代谢综合征患者骨密度的影响

目的探讨氟伐他汀对代谢综合征患者骨密度的影响。方法63例代谢综合征患者随机分为氟伐他汀组（n=32）及对照组（n=31），两组病例均予治疗性生活方式转变（therapeutic lifestyle changes，TLC）干预。治疗前及治疗36周后分别检测腰椎骨密度（BMD—LS）、股骨颈骨密度（BMD—Fn）、股骨近端骨密度（BMD-Ftot）及血脂谱。结果氟伐他汀组在治疗后36周BMD—LS、BMD—Fn、BMD—Ftot分别升高了3．1％、1．3％、1．0％，对照组分别下降了1．8％、1．6％、1．4％，两组各参数比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）；氟伐他汀组总胆固醇（Tc）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、甘油三酯（TG）分别降低了25．7％、37．9％、23．4％，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）升高了8．0％，与对照组比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论氟伐他汀能提高代谢综合征患者的骨密度。     

The effects of Tai Chi on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evidence for Tai Chi as an intervention to reduce rate of bone loss in postmenopausal women. DATA SOURCES: Literature search using Medline, Science Citation Index, Cochrane databases, China Biological Medicine Database, and additional manual reference searches of retrieved articles and personal libraries. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies that included Tai Chi as an intervention, and had at least 1 outcome related to measurement of bone mineral density (BMD). DATA EXTRACTION: Authors critically reviewed studies, evaluated methodologic quality, and synthesized study results in a summary table. DATA SYNTHESIS: Six controlled studies were identified by our search. There were 2 RCTs, 2 nonrandomized prospective parallel cohort studies, and 2 cross-sectional studies. The 2 RCTs and 1 of the prospective cohort studies suggested that Tai Chi-naive women who participated in Tai Chi training exhibited reduced rates of postmenopausal declines in BMD. Cross-sectional studies suggested that long-term Tai Chi practitioners had higher BMD than age-matched sedentary controls, and had slower rates of postmenopausal BMD decline. No adverse effects related to Tai Chi were reported in any trial. CONCLUSIONS: Conclusions on the impact of Tai Chi on BMD are limited by the quantity and quality of research to date. This limited evidence suggests Tai Chi may be an effective, safe, and practical intervention for maintaining BMD in postmenopausal women. In combination with research that indicates Tai Chi can positively impact other risk factors associated with low BMD (eg, reduced fall frequency, increased musculoskeletal strength), further methodologically sound research is warranted to better evaluate the impact of Tai Chi practice on BMD and fracture risk in postmenopausal women.     

鲑鱼降钙素对伴骨质疏松髋部骨折骨密度的影响

目的 观察肌注鲑鱼降钙素对并骨质疏松症的髋部骨折患者骨密度的影响。方法对69例髋部骨折的骨质疏松症患者进行为期3个月随机对照研究。用超声骨密度仪测定骨密度。结果治疗组治疗3个月后超声传导速度（SOS）值明显升高（P〈0．05）。对照组与治疗前比较，所测SOS值无明显变化（P〉0．05）。结论鲑鱼降钙素治疗骨质疏松症髋部骨折效果显著。     

Serum serotonin concentration associated with bone mineral density in Chinese postmenopausal women

Recent studies have shown that circulating serotonin plays a potential role in bone metabolism. However, conflicting results have been reported for the relationship between serum serotonin concentrations and bone mineral density (BMD). We investigated whether the serum serotonin concentrations related to BMD in Chinese postmenopausal women. Serum serotonin and bone turnover concentrations of 117 premenopausal women and 262 asymptomatic postmenopausal women were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The relationship between serotonin and BMD was investigated. The postmenopausal women had lower mean serum serotonin concentrations compared to the premenopausal women. Serotonin concentrations were negatively associated with age, weight, BMI, fat mass, and β-CTX concentrations in postmenopausal women. No significant correlations were found between serotonin and these parameters in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, age- and BMI-adjusted serotonin concentrations were positively correlated with BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Multiple regression analyses showed serum serotonin and β-CTX were the predictors for lumbar spine BMD. Only serum serotonin was the determinant for femoral neck BMD. In conclusion, lower serum serotonin concentrations are linked to low lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD in postmenopausal women.     

Bone mineral density in adolescent women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate

PURPOSE: To present current data on bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescent women using the long-acting contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and also to discuss the importance of developing maximal bone mass during adolescence to offset bone demineralization later in life. DATA SOURCES: Research-based articles in the medical literature, review articles, and recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the National Osteoporosis Foundation. CONCLUSIONS: Osteoporosis is a preventable disease that affects millions of Americans, particularly older women. Factors influencing the attainment and maintenance of peak bone mass during childhood and adolescence affect the future risk of fractures. Although longitudinal studies conducted on adolescent women using DMPA are very limited, findings suggest that adolescents are losing bone density during a time of expected bone accretion. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Clinicians must consider all the risks and benefits when prescribing contraceptives to adolescents. By themselves, the findings related to BMD and DMPA use by adolescents are not sufficient to limit the use of DMPA as a contraceptive method. However, clinicians must take into account the addition of other modifying factors associated with BMD that may contribute to overall bone loss in adolescent females. More prospective data on the long-term use of DMPA by adolescents are needed to determine DMPA's effect on bone loss and to determine if bone loss is transient in adolescents.     

Bone mineral density in hip-fracture patients with Parkinson's disease: a case-control study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate bone mineral density (BMD) levels in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who sustained a hip fracture. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Rehabilitation hospital in Italy. PARTICIPANTS: We investigated 831 out of 887 white patients consecutively admitted to a rehabilitation hospital because of an original hip fracture resulting from a fall. Twenty-eight (3.37%) of the 831 patients were affected by PD. Twenty-eight controls matched for sex, age, and hip-fracture type (cervical or trochanteric) were found among the 803 non-PD patients. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: BMD was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the unfractured femur. Five sites were investigated in each subject: total proximal femur, femoral neck, trochanter, intertrochanteric area, and Ward's triangle. DXA scan was performed a mean +/- standard deviation of 22.2 +/- 7.8 days after fracture occurrence in the 28 patients and 22.0 +/- 5.3 days after fracture occurrence in the 28 controls. RESULTS: BMD expressed as a T score did not differ significantly between the 28 PD patients and the 28 controls, whereas z score in the PD patients was significantly lower than 0 +/- 1 in the age- and sex-matched general population at 4 of the 5 sites of BMD assessment. CONCLUSIONS: A sample of PD fallers who sustained a hip fracture had femoral BMD levels similar to those found in matched hip-fracture fallers who did not suffer from PD and significantly lower than those found in the matched reference population.     

徐州地区1204例中老年人骨质疏松症流行病学调查

目的 通过测量徐州地区中老年骨密度,分析骨密度的变化规律及骨质疏松症的发病率,为骨质疏松症的防治提供参考依据.方法 采用GE-LUNAR公司生产的双能X线骨密度仪对徐州地区2005-2008年1204例中老年人进行骨密度测定,分别做股骨上端及第2～4腰椎椎体测量,并按5岁为一个年龄组分组.以峰值骨密度减低2.5标准差为诊断骨质疏松症标准,按性别、年龄分组进行统计学分析.结果 徐州地区男、女各部位骨密度逐年降低,女性55岁后骨量下降较男性显著(P＜0.01),骨质疏松发病率女性高于男性.结论 对中老年人应加强普及骨质疏松预防知识,对于55岁女性和65岁男性,同时采取相应干预措施,以减少骨质疏松症的发生.     

绝经后妇女椎体骨骼大小对骨密度和诊断骨质疏松的影响

目的：探讨绝经后妇女椎体骨骼大小对骨密度（BMD）和诊断骨质疏松（OP）的影响。方法：采用QDR－4500A型扇形束双能X线吸收法骨密度仪，测量1081例年龄42－96岁健康绝经妇女腰椎妇女腰椎正位投射骨面积（BA）、骨矿含量（BMC）、面积骨密度（ABMD）及腰椎侧位面积骨密度和体积骨密度（VBMD）。结果：BA与骨矿含量（r=0.606)和面积骨密度（r=0.270,P=0.000)呈正相关，与体积骨密度相关无显著性意义（r=-0.055,P=0.101).BA每增加1cm^2，骨矿含量和面积骨密度分别相应增加6．29％和1．28％。大BA组与中等BA组及中等BA组与小BA组比较，妇女的身高、体重、骨矿含量、面积骨密度和OP检出率的差异均具有显著性的意义（P＝0．000）。腰椎正位和侧位的OP检出率，大BA组分别为24．9％和39．9％，中等BA组分别为36．4％和54．5％，小BA组分别为55．2％和70．9％。各组之间体积骨密度的OP检出率的差异无显著性的意义。多元线性回归分析结果显示，影响骨骼大小和骨密度的主要因素为身高和体重。结论：绝经后妇女腰椎较大者面积骨密度较高和OP检出率较低，椎体较小者面积骨密度较低和OP检出率较高。腰椎体积骨密度不随骨骼大小而改变。腰椎侧位骨密度检测是诊断OP的敏感部位。     

定量CT骨密度测量诊断中国老年男性人群骨质疏松

目的 评价定量CT(QCT)骨密度测量在诊断老年男性骨质疏松症中的应用价值。方法 收集我院同时接受腰椎DXA、髋关节DXA和腰椎QCT检查、年龄>60岁的男性受检者314例。比较DXA和QCT对骨质疏松症检出率的差异。结果 DXA(腰椎正位、髋关节)对老年男性骨质疏松的检出率(35/314,11.15%)低于腰椎QCT对老年男性骨质疏松的检出率(141/314,44.90%;χ²=88.70,P<0.05)。结论 腰椎QCT BMD测量对中国老年男性人群骨质疏松症的早期诊断具有重要作用。     

运动对绝经后女性骨密度的影响

目的：观察运动对绝经后女性骨密度的影响。方法：绝经后女性106名分为运动组37例和对照组69例。运动组进行广场舞、爬山、慢跑等运动干预,对照组未进行任何干预。采用双能X线吸收仪测试其全身及各部位骨矿含量（BMC）和骨密度（BMD）,并进行比较。结果：运动干预8个月后,运动组全身BMD和BMC值均较干预前及对照组明显增加（P＜0．05）,而对照组全身BMD和BMC值均较8个月前下降,但差异无统计学意义。运动组胸椎的BMD、BMC和盆骨的BMC均较干预前及对照组明显增加（P＜0．05）,而腰椎的BMD、BMC和盆骨的BMD干预后差异无统计学意义;对照组干预后腰椎、盆骨的BMD、BMC均较8个月前明显下降（P＜0．05）,而胸椎的BMD、BMC 8个月前后差异无统计学意义。运动组上肢优势侧BMD、BMC和下肢双侧BMD、BMC均较干预前及对照组明显增加（ P＜0．05）,而上肢非优势侧BMD、BMC干预前后差异无统计学意义;对照组上肢非优势侧BMD、BMC均较8个月前及上肢优势侧BMD明显下降（P＜0．05）,而上肢优势侧BMC和下肢双侧BMD、BMC 8个月前后差异无统计学意义。结论：常规运动可显著提高绝经后女性胸椎 BM D和BM C ,而只能维持其腰椎和盆骨的BM D、BM C;上下肢、优势侧与非优势侧活动不均衡可影响相关部位 BM D和BM C的变化。     

糖尿病患者的骨钙素与骨密度变化及临床意义——附46例报告

目的探讨糖尿病患者骨质疏松的发生率及敏感检测指标.方法对46例糖尿病患者和对照组46名正常人,用放射免疫法测定血清骨钙素,用单光子吸收法测定骨密度,并对骨钙素与骨密度进行相关分析.同时检测血钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶等.结果糖尿病患者的骨钙素[(3.3±1.4)μg/]与骨密度[0.67±0.11)g/cm2]均明显低于对照组[分别为(4.6±1.2)μg/L、(0.78±0.12)g/cm2],(P＜0.001).骨钙素水平与骨密度呈正相关(γ=0.5902,P＜0.001),与病程及血糖呈负相关(γ=-0.6760,-0.4512,P＜0.01～0.001).血钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶属正常范围.糖尿病患者骨量减少14例(30%),骨质疏松11例(24%),而对照组骨量减少4例(9%),未发现骨质疏松者.结论糖尿病患者骨质疏松发生率较高.骨钙素可以作为检测糖尿病性骨质疏松的敏感指标.     

健康体检人群骨密度异常的调查分析及护理对策

目的 了解男性和女性的年龄对骨密度的影响.方法 选择做健康体检的体检者614例,采用直接数字式双能X线骨密度仪,测定腰椎及股骨上段两个部位.结果 女性骨密度异常率随着年龄的增长明显增高,男性骨密度异常的比例随着年龄的增长有增加的趋势,但无统计学意义.男性和女性同一年龄段比较,只有1≥60岁组男女骨密度异常率有统计学意义.结论 男性和女性随年龄的增长骨密度异常率均增加,女性尤为明显,60岁之前,男性和女性骨密度异常率无统计学意义,60岁以后女性骨密度异常率远高于男性.     

定量CT测量女性颈椎与腰椎骨密度

目的 探讨女性颈椎骨密度与腰椎骨密度的差异及相关性。方法 对46名女性志愿者于同一天行颈椎及腰椎定量CT(QCT)扫描,记录各椎体骨密度数据。分别应用配对样本t检验及Pearson相关分析比较颈椎与腰椎平均骨密度的差异及相关性;采用方差分析比较各椎体骨密度均数,采用LSD法进行组间的两两比较。结果 颈椎平均骨密度为(281.81±76.13)mg/cm³,腰椎为(147.49±39.65)mg/cm³,二者差异有统计学意义(t=19.462,P<0.001)。颈椎与腰椎平均骨密度的相关性高(r=0.86,P<0.001)。结论 女性颈椎平均骨密度高于腰椎,并与腰椎平均骨密度相关性高。     

老年男性骨关节炎骨密度变化相关研究

目的探讨老年男性骨关节炎（osteoarthritis,OA）患者骨密度（Bone mineral density,BMD）变化相关因素。方法选择老年男性膝骨关节炎（Knee osteoarthritis,KOA）患者72例（男性组）、老年女性KOA患者60例（女性组）,检测两组的BMD及男性组生活方式情况、血生化指标、骨代谢指标、双膝数值化X射线、KOA WOMAC（Western Ontario and McMaster Uni-versities）评分等临床资料,应用SPSS 13.0软件包进行统计学分析。结果①男性组BMD高于女性组（P=0.002）,骨量变少率低于女性组（P〈0.001）;②男性组腰椎、股骨颈、Wards三角、大转子、股骨干BMD差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）,其中Wards三角BMD值最低,腰椎BMD值最高;③喝牛奶、户外运动在男性骨量正常组高于骨量变少组（P=0.031,0.002）;④骨量正常组低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）低于骨量减少组和骨质疏松（osteoporosis,OP）组（P〈0.05）,而碱性磷酸酶（ALP）高于骨量减少组和OP组（P〈0.01）,骨钙素（OC）高于OP组（P=0.01）;⑤老年男性KOA的BMD与体质量指数（BMI）、OC呈正相关,与年龄、LDL-C呈负相关。结论老年男性OA较老年女性OA患者更少伴发OP,老年男性OA患者喝牛奶、户外运动者更不易伴发OP,LDL-C越高、年龄越大越易患OP,老年男性OA伴发的OP主要是成骨细胞活性减低所致,属低转换型,在诊治男性OA过程中更应关注OP。     

Bone mineral density of visually handicapped women

While physical activity is an essential factor for muscle performance and development and also for the maintenance of bone mass in the loaded bones, apparently low intensity of physical activity of blind persons may compromise the muscle performance and bone mineral density (BMD). Therefore, the aim was to study whether there are differences in BMD of the weight‐bearing or non‐weight‐bearing bones between visually handicapped persons and those with normal sight. Nineteen visually handicapped premenopausal women and their matched pairs were recruited to the study. The mean age of the visually handicapped women was 39·9 years (SD 8·1) and that of the women with normal vision 39·7 years (6·5). BMD of the distal radius, femoral neck and trochanter was measured with dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), and isometric muscle strength of the extremities and trunk with a dynamometer. Between‐group differences were compared with paired Student’s t‐test. The BMD at the femur was 8% higher in favour of the group with normal sight, whereas radial BMD was similar in the two groups. The t‐score was ?1·0 (95% confidence interval ?1·5 to ?0·5) for the femoral neck BMD and ?0·7 (?1·1 to ?0·2) for the trochanter BMD in the group with impaired vision. The respective t‐scores for the group with normal sight were ?0·3 (?0·9 to 0·3) for the femoral neck and 0 (?0·7 to 0·7) for the trochanter. Visual handicap seems to be a risk for lower BMD of the weight‐bearing proximal femur, but not for lower BMD of the non‐weight‐bearing distal radius.