JL-GE对SD大鼠血液流变性的影响

目的观察银杏叶、白蒺藜全草提取物的复合制剂 (JL -GE)对血液流变性的影响。方法选用18月龄雄性SD大鼠分为四组 ,分别用生理盐水、阿斯匹林和JL -GE(分两种剂量 ,Ⅰ组JL -GE150mg/kg/d ,Ⅱ组JL-GE300mg/kg/d)灌胃 ,半月后检测其血液流变学指标。结果不同剂量的两个JL -GE实验组的高、低切变率下全血粘度、血浆粘度、纤维蛋白原含量明显低于生理盐水模型组 (P<0.01 ,P<0.05) ,其中纤维蛋白原含量也显著低于对照组 (P<0.05) ,而两个实验组动物红细胞压积与模型组之间没有显著差异 (P>0.05)。结论JL -GE可能通过降低红细胞聚集性 ,提高红细胞变形能力 ,降低纤维蛋白原的含量改善SD大鼠的全血粘度和血浆粘度。     

Exogenous normal lymph alleviates microcirculation disturbances and abnormal hemorheological properties in rats with disseminated intravascular coagulation

Disturbances of the microcirculation and abnormal hemorheological properties are important factors that play an important role in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and result in organ dysfunction or failure. In the present study, we established an animal model of DIC using intravenous Dextran 500 in rats, and used exogenous normal lymph corresponding to 1/15 of whole blood volume for injection through the left jugular vein. We found that normal lymph could improve the blood pressure and survival time of rats with DIC. The results regarding the mesenteric microcirculation showed that the abnormality of the diameter of mesenteric microvessels and micro-blood flow speed in the DIC+lymph group was significantly less than in the DIC+saline group. Whole blood viscosity, relative viscosity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit (Hct), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and electrophoresis time of erythrocytes were significantly increased in the DIC+saline group compared to the control group. The electrophoretic length and migration of erythrocytes from the DIC+saline and DIC+lymph groups were significantly slower than the control group. Blood relative viscosity, Hct, ESR, and electrophoretic time of erythrocytes were significantly increased in the DIC+lymph group compared to the control group. Whole blood viscosity, relative viscosity and reduced viscosity were significantly lower in the DIC+lymph group than in the DIC+saline group, and erythrocyte deformability index was also significantly higher than in the DIC+saline and control groups. These results suggest that exogenous normal lymph could markedly improve the acute microcirculation disturbance and the abnormal hemorheological properties in rats with DIC induced by Dextran 500.     

Blood Rheological Properties in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis (AD)

Inflammatory processes and psychological states may mutually enhance each other as well as contribute to haemorheological alterations. The objective of the recent study was to determine blood rheological profile in patients with AD at different clinical stages. Blood rheology, as estimated by blood viscosity as well as deformability (elongation index—EI) and aggregation of erythrocytes (aggregation half time (AT1/2)—expressing the kinetic aspects and syllectogram amplitude (AMP)—representing total aggregation extent) were measured in 25 female AD patients, who showed clinical features of mild to severe AD and in 14 healthy subjects. There were no significant differences in blood rheological properties between patients with mild AD and the controls. A significant decrease in erythrocytes AT1/2 and AMP as well as EI were observed in severe AD patients as compared to other groups. Whole blood and plasma viscosity were similar in all groups. Both erythrocytes deformability and aggregation may be affected by pathophysiological processes associated with AD. Only AD patients with severe skin changes showed increased aggregability and decreased deformability of erythrocytes, suggesting that the phenomenon might be related to the disease activity. This study was supported by a research grant from the Committee for Scientific Research (NN-1-117/06).     

Influence of adsorbed plasma proteins on erythrocyte rheological properties: in vitro and ex vivo studies

The influence of plasma protein adsorption on the mechanical properties characterizing erythrocyte behaviour under flow was studied in human and rats. The deformability index, elastic modulus and surface viscosity were measured by laser diffractometry. In in vitro studies, human and rat erythrocytes were washed to remove their original protein coating, and then incubated in saline-diluted plasma media. For erythrocytes incubated in the most diluted solutions (plasma/saline 1:3, v/v), the deformability index increased 30% for both species (human, P<0.01 and rat, P<0.2); the elastic modulus decreased 20% (human, P<0.05) and 60% (rat, P<0.01); and surface viscosity decreased 20% (human, P<0.05) and 40% (rat, P<0.01), relative to values for erythrocytes incubated in pure plasma. Ex vivo experiments were performed using rats. Plasma proteins were diluted replacing 15% volemic plasma by saline in three consecutive plasmapheresis steps. The rheological properties of erythrocytes, tested after each step, followed the general trends of the in vitro pattern. These results suggest that the decrease in plasma protein concentration affects blood rheology in two ways. The first is the well known decrease in plasma viscosity, and the second is an improvement of erythrocyte deformability, as has been shown in this work. Thus, a new argument supporting the benefits of normovolemic hemodilution in patients with poor peripheral perfusion is provided.     

频谱水对大鼠全血粘度和红细胞变形性的影响

目的 :研究频谱水改善血液粘度和红细胞变形性的作用 ,进一步了解频谱水改善微循环、减轻红细胞聚集作用机理。方法 :大鼠饮用频谱水 30天～ 6 0天 ,由尾静脉注入内毒素造成微循环障碍模型 ,由心脏取血 ,分别进行细胞电泳和全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞变形性的测定。结果 :饮用频谱水 30天～ 6 0天的大鼠血液粘度均比对照组低 ,红细胞电泳速度比对照组快 ,显示红细胞的表面电荷比对照组多 ,不易使红细胞聚集。红细胞变形性无明显差别。结论 :饮用经调剂后的频谱水有改善血液粘度的作用 ,能提高红细胞电泳速度 ,有利于血液的流动     

糖尿病患者红细胞钙含量与红细胞变形性

用火焰原子吸收法测定Ⅱ型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）２４例红细胞钙总量及用激光衍射法测定其红细胞变形性（ＲＣＤ）。测定５０例ＮＩＤＤＭ之红细胞在１５０、２００、２５０、３００及３５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ５种渗透压悬液中的变形性。结果表明，正常成人红细胞钙总量为３３．６２±１２．８０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＲＣＤ降低的ＮＩＤＤＭ患者，其红细胞钙总量明显升高（４６．３７±２３．３７μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０５），而ＲＣＤ正常之患者则接近正常水平。不同渗透压悬液中的最大ＤＩ值（ＤＩｍａｘ）显示，ＲＣＤ降低之ＮＩＤＤＭ红细胞在２５０及３００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＤＩｍａｘ显著减小（Ｐ＜０．００１）；而在１５０及２００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的低渗范围，其ＤＩｍａｘ接近正常，符合内粘度加大的ＤＩｍａｘ渗透压曲线特征。     

Rheological properties of young and aged human erythrocytes

Summary Rheological properties were studied of young and old human erythrocytes from healthy adults. Viscosity measurements of packed erythrocyte suspensions as well as filtration of cells through polycarbonate sieves show that young cells are more flexible than aged ones. Since deformability of erythrocytes is the product of cell shape, flexibility of the membrane and fluidity of the intracellular hemoglobin, we studied the manner in which these factors are relevant to the diminished flexibility of aged erythrocytes. The biconcave cell shape is maintained during the process of aging. The viscosity of packed ghost suspensions from aged erythrocytes is increased versus that of young ones. The diminished flexibility of old ghosts correlates well with their smaller cell volume. The fluidity of the hemoglobin in the interior of the cells is decreased as indicated by an increased hemoglobin content of the isolated ghosts. We conclude that aged erythrocytes loose their deformability as a result of both a decreased fluidity of the intracellular hemoglobin and a diminished flexibility of the membrane.This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft     

Effect of in vitro carbamylation of erythrocytes on their rheological properties

In order to assess the role of carbamylation of erythrocyte proteins in the modification of rheological parameters of red blood cells observed in uremic patients, and in vitro carbamylation of erythrocytes and hemoglobin was carried out using sodium cyanate. The carbamylation of hemoglobin was determined by observation of the increase of HbA1 fraction. The deformability of erythrocytes and the viscosity of erythrocyte suspensions and of hemolysate were measured. The results showed an increase in the deformability of red blood cells and a decrease in the viscosity of hemoglobin as the carbamylation increased. This is attributed to a decrease of hemoglobin viscosity and to a modification of the electric charge of the membrane. These results show that the reduced erythrocyte deformability observed in patients with renal failure is not due to erythrocyte protein carbamylation.     

Positive Feedback by Ovarian Hormones on Prolactin and LH in Old Versus Young Female Rats

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether any differences could be demonstrated in the ability of old versus young ovariectomized rats to release prolactin and LH in response to ovarian steroid administration. Female Long Evans rats 20–24 months of age and 4 months of age were ovariectomized. Fourteen days later, each rat was injected with estradiol benzoate, followed three days later by an injection of progesterone. Blood was collected from an intra-atrial cannula for eight hrs after progesterone treatment for radioimmunoassay of prolactin and LH. Basal plasma levels of prolactin were higher in the old than in the young rats. The young rats showed a marked rise in plasma prolactin and LH in response to progesterone, whereas the old rats exhibited no elevation in prolactin and a smaller increase in LH than in young rats. Changes in hypothalamic function in the old female rats are believed to account for the differences observed.     

Hemorheological and cerebroprotective activity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lychnis chalcedonica L.</Emphasis> extract in rats with cerebral ischemia

Considerable hemorheological changes and depression of EEG parameters were revealed in rats with cerebral ischemia. Course peroral treatment with scarlet lightning extract in a daily dose of 150 mg/kg for 5 days reduced the severity of hemorheological disorders. It manifested in a decrease in whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation, and fibrinogen concentration and increase in deformability. The extract of lightning extract improved EEG activity in rats with cerebral ischemia.__________This revised version was published online in July 2005 with the addition of the issue titleTranslated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 139, No. 1, pp. 68–71, January, 2005     

Positive Feedback by Ovarian Hormones on Prolactin and LH in Old Versus Young Female Rats

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether any differences could be demonstrated in the ability of old versus young ovariectomized rats to release prolactin and LH in response to ovarian steroid administration. Female Long Evans rats 20–24 months of age and 4 months of age were ovariectomized. Fourteen days later, each rat was injected with estradiol benzoate, followed three days later by an injection of progesterone. Blood was collected from an intra-atrial cannula for eight hrs after progesterone treatment for radioimmunoassay of prolactin and LH. Basal plasma levels of prolactin were higher in the old than in the young rats. The young rats showed a marked rise in plasma prolactin and LH in response to progesterone, whereas the old rats exhibited no elevation in prolactin and a smaller increase in LH than in young rats. Changes in hypothalamic function in the old female rats are believed to account for the differences observed.     

当归对人红细胞变形性和聚集性的影响

目的 :研究当归对红细胞变形性和聚集性影响。方法 :健康献血者红细胞 ,自身血浆稀释至红细胞压积为 40 %。用红细胞聚集仪和激光衍射光学旋转细胞分析仪分别测定红细胞聚集性和变形性。结果 :当归组加入当归注射液 2 0mg/ml孵育后与正常对照组比较 ,可显著降低红细胞聚集速度 (Ta :2 .5 9± 0 .35 ,Tf:33.5 4± 2 .6 3vsTa :1.80±0 .16 ,Tf:2 7.11± 1.78,P <0 .0 5 ) ,但不影响红细胞解聚能力。加入Ca2 + 螯合剂可使红细胞变形性降低。当归可以显著逆转A2 3187导致的红细胞变形性降低 (EI:0 .2 9±0 .0 47vs 0 .17± 0 .0 2 4,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :当归可以降低正常红细胞聚集速度 ,减轻Ca2 + 螯合剂导致的红细胞变形性降低。     

终末期肾病患者肾移植后血液流变性之变化

研究终末期肾病肾移植后血液流变性的改变并探讨其临床意义。结果表明，肾移植后肾功能正常时，低切至高切变率时的全血粘度明显增高，甚至高于正常人。全血粘度的升高主要与红细胞比积、血浆粘度、红细胞聚集指数、Ｃａｓｓｏｎ粘度的增高有关，与红细胞的变形能力及血液屈服应力无明显关系。肾移植后肾功能失活时，红细胞比积及Ｃａｓｓｏｎ粘度降低，使低切至高切变率时的全血粘度降低，但血浆粘度仍明显高于正常对照组。提示，肾移植后肾功能正常时，血液的流变特性明显障碍，血液粘度尤其是血浆粘度升高，这可能是肾移植后肾功能失活的重要发病机理，也是血管栓塞性合并症发生的病理基础。     

乙型肝炎疫苗免疫19年后乙型肝炎病毒感染流行规律的变化

目的探讨乙肝疫苗长期免疫地区人群HBV流行规律的变化趋势。方法整群抽样结合横断面调查，用固相放射免疫法检测研究对象血清HBV感染标志并进行分析。结果（1）平均HBsAg阳性率为7．5％，0～19岁人群HBV感染指标显著低于≥20岁人群。（2）0～19岁人群HBsAg阳性率1985年高于2005年；1985年的抗-HBs水平随着年龄增长而上升，从1～岁组的12．4％到60～岁组的53．8％，而2005年0～19岁组的抗-HBs随着年龄的增长而下降；1985年抗-HBc阳性水平随着年龄增长而上升，2005年的0～19岁组的仅为2．8％～26．8％，显著下降。结论研究人群中HBV流行规律发生显著变化，0～19岁人群的HBV感染率远低于20岁以上人群，证实乙肝疫苗预防HBV感染取得显著成果。     

Blood hyperviscosity syndrome: Adequacy of experimental model in SHR rats

In comparison with Wistar rats, SHR rats demonstrated significantly higher viscosity of the whole blood and plasma, fibrinogen content, and erythrocyte aggregation, but a lower erythrocyte deformability. The differences in hemorheological indices in SHR and Wistar rats correspond to the deviation of these indices in the blood hyperviscosity syndrome observed in hypertensive patients. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 8, pp. 150–151, August, 1998     

The effects of pentoxifylline on rat erythrocytes of different age

Age-separated rat erythrocytes were exposed to pentoxifylline, a dimethylxanthine derivative which increases erythrocyte deformability. A comparison of drug-induced effects in young and old erythrocytes yielded age-specific alterations in: (1) accumulation of intracellular Ca2+; (2) membrane protein phosphorylation; (3) ATP concentrations; and (4) membrane associated protein kinase activity. The effect of Ca2+ accumulation and membrane protein phosphorylation appears to be biphasic. Low drug concentrations (0.5-2.5 mM) reduced intracellular Ca2+ and increased membrane protein phosphorylation, whereas higher concentrations (4.0-5.0 mM) increased Ca2+ levels and reduced membrane protein phosphorylation. Young cells exhibited increased ATP levels over the whole range of pentoxifylline tested; however, older erythrocytes demonstrated higher ATP levels at 5.0 mM drug only. Membrane-associated protein kinase activity was enhanced 10% in young erythrocytes at 1.0 mM pentoxifylline and decreased to 30% of control values at 4.0 and 5.0 mM drug. Protein kinase of old erythrocytes exhibited gradual inhibition over the entire drug concentration range. In general, younger erythrocytes appear to be more responsive to pentoxifylline exposure. Based on these studies, it appears that the ageing of the erythrocyte and loss of deformability in vivo may be a consequence of increased Ca2+ entry into the cell.     

丹参注射液对人红细胞胞浆Ca~(2 )浓度的影响

目的探讨丹参注射液改善人红细胞变形性的机理。方法采用荧光探针Fura_2定量分析法研究丹参注射液对离体健康成人和高血压病人红细胞胞浆Ca2 浓度的影响。结果高血压病人红细胞胞浆Ca2 浓度明显高于健康成人 (P<0 .001) ,丹参注射液能够降低离体健康成人和高血压病人红细胞胞浆Ca2 浓度 (P<0.01) ,并表现剂量依赖性 ,且作用效果与胞浆基础Ca2 浓度呈正相关 (P<0 .05)。结论降低人红细胞胞浆Ca2 浓度可能是丹参注射液增强红细胞变形能力的重要机理。这一作用机制更有利于改善基础红细胞胞浆Ca2 浓度异常升高的高血压病人的微循环     

老化红细胞变形能力与膜钙依赖中性蛋白酶活性的关系

研究表明,老化红细胞变形能力明显降低,且其降低与血红蛋白浓度增高及膜弹性降低有关［１］。红细胞膜钙依赖中性蛋白酶（Ｃａｌｐａｉｎ）和它的内源性抑制剂（Ｃａｌｐａｓｔａｔｉｎ）形成红细胞中一个蛋白水解系统,参与红细胞中的信号传导,调节细胞形状、体积和细胞膜通透性,与高血压、细胞老化等生理、病理现象密切相关。Ｃａｌｐａｉｎ可限制性水解红细胞膜骨架蛋白和其它膜内蛋白,导致红细胞损伤［２,３］。而老化红细胞变形能力降低与Ｃａｌｐａｉｎ的关系尚不清楚,为此我们检测了４２例健康人老化及年轻红细胞变形能力、Ｃ…     

Antibody-dependent and -independent cytotoxic activity of spleen cells for Plasmodium berghei from susceptible and resistant rats.

Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by spleen cells from 30- or 50-day old rats against 51Cr-labelled rat erythrocytes parasitized by Plasmodium berghei in the presence of anti-P. berghei antibody showed only slight age differences. However, in the absence of specific antibody, the total cell-mediated cytotoxicy (CMC) per spleen was four times higher in the spleen cells from 50-day-old rats compared with those from 30-day-old rats. CMC accounted for about 50% of total cytotoxic activity in 50-day-old rat spleens. Spleen cells mediating ADCC and CMC are Thy-1.1 positive, and those mediating ADCC are nearly all non-adherent to Sephadex G-10 columns.     

The association between erythrocyte internal viscosity, protein non-enzymatic glycosylation and erythrocyte membrane dynamic properties in juvenile diabetes mellitus.

The association of intracellular viscosity of red blood cells and the dynamic properties of erythrocyte membranes in children suffering from diabetes has been investigated by means of ESR spectroscopy. It has been revealed that the slight decrease in the ratio hw/hs of maleimide bound to membrane protein-SH groups of erythrocytes in diabetes may ensue from the enhanced membrane protein immobilization in the plane of lipid bilayer. These alterations were accompanied by a corresponding increase in the relative rotational correlation time (tau c) of iodoacetamide spin label, thus suggesting that the conformational changes in membrane proteins may occur at both the intrinsic and more exposed thiol groups. The membranes of diabetic red blood cells were more glycosylated than those of relevant controls, and the extent of glycosylation was found to correlate significantly with h + 1/h0 and tau c (r = -0.652, P < 0.01 and r = 0.609, P < 0.01). Further, the conformational alterations in erythrocyte membranes from diabetic subjects were accompanied by a significant increase in the mobility parameter (h + 1/h0) of haemoglobin molecules in diabetic erythrocytes. The latter changes correlated well with the enhanced intracellular viscosity of diabetic red blood cells and the level of glycosylated haemoglobin. We conclude that the alterations in membrane lipid-protein interactions together with the increased glycosylation-derived internal viscosity may consequently imply altered viscoelastic properties of erythrocyte membranes and, underlying the impaired deformability of red blood cells in the diabetic state, contribute to the development of late diabetic sequelae.