小儿贲门失弛缓症的外科诊治

目的:探讨小儿贲门失弛缓症的诊疗方法。方法:回顾性分析2001年9月—2011年9月收治的34例贲门失弛缓症患儿的临床资料,患儿均有吞咽困难,进食后呕吐胃内容物,上消化道钡餐检查可见食管下端鸟嘴样狭窄等典型征象。患儿均经腹行改良Heller术和Dor胃底前壁折叠术。结果:34例均于手术后7~14 d顺利出院,出院前均可进半流食。1例失访,33例患儿随访2个月至9年7个月。均无吞咽困难、进食后呕吐和反流性食管炎的症状,术后上消化道钡餐复查,食管腔光滑,狭窄段变粗,钡剂通过顺畅,且无胃食管反流征象。除1例21三体综合征患儿外,其余患儿生长发育与同龄儿相仿。结论:改良Heller术治疗小儿贲门失弛缓症具有良好的效果,附加Dor胃底前壁折叠术能够有效防止改良Heller术后的胃食管反流。     

贲门失驰缓症术式探讨

目的：探讨治疗贲门失弛缓症的理论手术。方法：回顾性分析66例贲门失驰缓症病人的治疗效果，评估手术方式与其疗效的关系。结果：单纯Heller肌层切开术15例，Heller 手术附加Belsey Mark IV胃底折叠术17例，自行设计的改良Heller手术附加胃底折叠术34例，全组随访3年以上，失访3例按无效计算，疗效优，良占91．2％（60／66），单纯Heller手术病例术后复发3例（3／15，20．0％），发生反流性食管炎4例（4／15，26．7％），Heller手术附加Belsey MarkIV胃底折叠术发生反流性食管炎2例（2／17，11．8％），膈裂孔疝1例（1／17，5．9％），而改良Heller手术附加胃底折叠术无复发及反流，全组无手术死亡及其它并发症。结论：改良Heller手术附加胃底折叠术是治疗贲门失驰缓症的较理想术式。     

贲门失弛缓症术后远期食管功能改变对进食情况的影响及护理

改良Heller手术是治疗贲门失弛缓症有效的方法之一,但改良Heller手术为减轻症状的手术,并不能从根本上治愈贲门失弛缓症[1]。此手术是通过食管下段贲门部肌层切开,使食管下括约肌张力减低,解除梗阻,食物靠重力作用通过食道进入胃内。术后不同程度吞咽不适是较常见的Heller术后并发症[2]。本文通过对66例贲门失迟缓症患者术后10年以上食管功能变化的随访追踪,阐明其     

经腹Heller手术治疗贲门失弛缓症的远期疗效(附112例报告)

目的 评价经腹Heller手术治疗贲门失弛缓症的远期疗效。方法 回顾分析1973年6月至2003年6月，112例经腹Heller手术治疗贲门失弛缓症病例资料。其中行单纯Heller手术19例，Heller附加抗反流术式93例（Lortat-Jacob术式60例，Toupet术式20例，Dor术式13例）。结果 96例获得随访资料，随访1～10年。效果优良者79例，改善者14例，无效3例。17例发生反流性食管炎，单纯Heller手术组术后反流发生率明显高于Heller附加抗反流术（P〈0．05）；胃壁肌层切开长度大于2cm组术后反流发生率高于长度小于2cm组（P〈0．05）。结论 经腹Heller手术治疗贲门失弛缓症远期疗效满意；Heller手术不加抗反流术以及胃壁肌层切开长度大于2cm者术后易发生反流性食管炎。     

前壁顺时针全胃底折迭治疗贲门失弛症体会

贲门失弛缓是常见的食管良性病变之一,目前多主张早期手术治疗。传统选用食管粘膜外肌层切开术(Heller术式),虽方法简单,疗效确切,但单行此术极易并发返流性食管炎,有报道高达50%。为预防Heller手术后返流笥食管炎的发生,我们在Heller手术的基础上,加用前壁顺时针全胃底折迭治疗贲门失弛症18例,现报道如下。     

腹腔镜手术治疗胃食管反流病和贲门失弛缓症

目的:探索三种腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病及Heller肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症的安全性与可行性。方法:1995年12月至2004年9月,经腹腔镜手术治疗了胃食管反流病人45例和贲门失弛缓病人5例。术前常规行胃镜与上消化道钡餐检查者50例,加行食管测酸、测压检查者39例。腹腔镜单纯胃底折叠术10例(Nissen式1例,Toupet式9例);腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补加胃底折叠术35例(Nissen式11例,Toupet式24例)。Heller肌切开术加Dor胃底折叠术5例。结果:全组病人的平均手术时间为120(60～360)min,术中平均出血量15(10～100)ml,术后日平均引流量20(10～100)ml,平均住院7(5～12)d。其中前10例使用电刀者平均用时210(180～360)min,中转开腹1例;后40例使用超声刀者平均用时100(60～180)min。术中脾被膜划破出血2例,12例Nissen式胃底折叠术后有1例出现吞咽困难,1月后缓解。42例获随访的病人中40例不再需要服药。其中5例Heller肌切开术Dor胃底折叠术病人术后第2天即可顺畅进食,且无反流。结论:与传统的经胸或经腹手术相比,腹腔镜抗反流手术治疗胃食管反流病和Heller肌切开贲门失弛缓症的病人具有心肺干扰小、麻醉难度低、创伤小、痛苦轻、并发症少、住院时间短、康复快、疗效好等突出优点。经过不断改进手术设计和加强训练可使?     

电视胸腔镜辅助小切口Heller术治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的：探讨电视胸腔镜辅助小切口Heller术治疗贲门失弛缓症的临床效果。方法：回顾分析我院2000年6月～2006年5月16例贲门失弛缓症接受电视胸腔镜辅助小切口Heller术治疗的临床资料。手术经左第8肋间置胸腔镜,第7肋间后外侧切口6～8cm进胸,行食管肌层切开术。结果：16例均顺利完成手术,手术时间56～105min,平均64min,术后住院8～15d,平均11d。1例损伤食管黏膜术中修补,术后无严重并发症。16例随访2～24个月,平均14个月,15例吞咽困难消失,1例症状解除不完全,经食管扩张后症状消失,无胃食管反流症状。结论：电视胸腔镜辅助小切口Heller术,创伤小,恢复快,并发症少,住院时间短,合理掌握胃食管连接部的肌层切开范围,可有效防止术后胃食管反流。     

经胸小切口食管肌层切开治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的 总结经胸小切口食管肌层切开治疗贲门失弛缓症经验。方法 分析42例贲门失弛缓症患者接受经胸腔小切口食管肌层切开手术治疗结果，手术切口6—8cm，行食管下段肌层切开，上方超过狭窄1cm，下方切口至胃壁肌层0．5～1cm。全组均未行抗反流手术。结果平均手术时间60min，术后平均住院时间11d。1例围手术期死亡，死因为食管黏膜破裂合并多重细菌感染；2例损伤食管黏膜予以修补；其余无任何并发症，术后第1天开始进食，行黏膜修补者术后3d进食。术后随访，全部患者吞咽困难症状消失。28例行食管pH监测无病理性反流，与术前DeMeesrer评分比较，差异有统计学意义。结论经胸小切口食管肌层切开术，创伤小、恢复快、并发症少。合理掌握胃食管连接部的肌层切开范围可有效防止术后胃食管反流。     

腹腔镜胃镜联合下括约肌切开胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛缓症诊治体会

贲门失弛缓症是一种神经食管肌肉失调所致的运动障碍性疾病,食管体部正常蠕动消失,食管下端括约肌张力增高及食管下段括约肌在吞咽时松弛障碍,临床上以吞咽闲难、胸骨后疼痛、不同程度呕吐、体重下降为主要症状。20l1年3～5月我们应用腹腔镜胃镜联合行Heller术联合Dor胃底折叠术治疗贲门迟缓症2例,现报道如下。     

Heller术附加带蒂膈肌瓣翻转治疗贲门失弛缓症

自１９９５年以来,我们用Heller术附加带蒂膈肌瓣翻转治疗贲门失弛缓症２０例,取得了满意疗效,现报告如下。对象与方法本组２０例,男９例、女１１例,年龄２０～４５（平均３３）岁。病程９个月～１３年,平均６年。术前均经食管钡餐、纤维胃镜及食管测压检查明确诊断。术后行食管测压检查以了解手术情况。本组２０例均行Heller术附加带蒂膈肌瓣翻转手术治疗：左胸后外侧切口经第７肋间进胸,显露食管下端及胃,于食管狭窄段正中前壁左、右迷走神经间,切开食管肌层至黏膜下层,使黏膜充分膨出,继而切开贲门部肌层,切开食管胃接合部…     

Hodgkin Lymphoma of the Oral Mucosa

In this report, we describe a rare case of relapsed nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma presenting as a lesion of the oral mucosa. Although this is an uncommon clinical scenario, health care professionals should be aware of this possibility. A brief differential diagnosis and review of Hodgkin lymphoma is discussed.     

Sclerosing Polycystic Adenosis of the Buccal Mucosa

Sclerosing polycystic adenosis (SPA) is a rare lesion of salivary glands with a striking resemblance to fibrocystic disease of the breast. Most of the 47 reported cases have occurred within the parotid gland, with only a single case being described within the buccal mucosa. We report an additional case of SPA of the buccal mucosa. The exact nature of this entity is unknown, but has up until recently believed to be a pseudoneoplastic reactive and inflammatory sclerosing process. Even though SPA has satisfied the criteria for monoclonality, the debate as to whether SPA represents a true neoplasm or a pseudoneoplastic inflammatory sclerosing process, with low-grade neoplastic potential continues. Awareness of the occurrence of this lesion in both major and minor salivary glands is important to promote its differentiation from other more sinister salivary gland pathology. Cure is effected by localized surgical excision and all reported cases of SPA show an excellent prognosis with no true recurrence or metastasis.     

Mucosa associated lymphoma of the lung.

Two cases of mucosa associated lymphoma (pseudolymphoma) of the lung are described which highlight the varied clinical and radiological features of this rare pulmonary condition. Following chemotherapy with prednisolone and chlorambucil, both patients are disease free three years later.     

Elastofibromatous Changes and Hyperelastosis of the Oral Mucosa

Three cases of abnormalities of elastic fibers, two of them on the floor of the mouth and one on the lingual alveolar mucosa, close to the floor of the mouth, in a patient with history of homolateral squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth, are presented. Comparison with elastofibromatous changes and elastofibromas are made and their possible pathogenesis is discussed. It is suggested that increased awareness may facilitate recognition of such lesions as they can be easily overlooked, especially when they do not present as discrete tumors or they are associated with other “more significant” pathologic processes.     

重组人源化胶原蛋白鼻腔黏膜修复敷料对鼻内镜术后鼻腔黏膜恢复的影响

目的 探究重组人源化胶原蛋白鼻腔黏膜修复敷料对鼻内镜术后鼻腔黏膜恢复的影响。方法 选 取2022年8月-2023年2月在我院行鼻内镜手术治疗的78例鼻窦炎患者为研究对象，根据其术后干预方案 的不同分为对照组（ n =39）和观察组（ n =39）。对照组给予生理盐水冲洗鼻腔和糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂 喷鼻，观察组在对照组基础上加用重组人源化胶原蛋白鼻腔黏膜修复敷料，比较两组术前、术后4周鼻 腔粘膜功能（鼻粘液纤毛清除率、鼻粘液清除速度）、粘膜创面清洁时间、鼻腔粘膜转归情况及不良反 应发生情况。结果 观察组术后4周鼻粘液纤毛清除率、鼻粘液清除速度高于对照组，差异有统计学意义 （ P ＜0.05）；观察组术后创面清洁时间短于对照组，差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0.05）；两组术后鼻出血、鼻 粘膜水肿、囊泡、粘连、瘢痕增生发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0.05）；两组均无不良反应发生。 结论 重组人源化胶原蛋白鼻腔黏膜修复敷料对鼻内镜术后鼻腔黏膜功能恢复有较强的促进作用，并可缩 短患者术后恢复时间，安全性良好，值得临床应用。     

Merkel Cell Carcinoma of the Skin and Mucosa: Report of 12 Cutaneous Cases with 2 Cases Arising from the Nasal Mucosa

BACKGROUND: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an uncommon skin tumor that most frequently arises on sun-exposed facial sites. It rarely occurs on mucous membranes of the head region. The primary MCC is usually treated by wide excision followed by radiation to the primary site and regional lymph nodes. Using traditional surgery the local recurrence rate ranges from 20 to 50%. In our clinic, Mohs surgery is used to excise the primary MCC completely, followed by radiation. Here we present our treatment experiences and outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To document our experience of MCC treated by Mohs surgery. We present our series of 12 cases of MCC, 2 cases of which arose from mucosal sites of the nasal cavity. METHODS: We reviewed 12 cases of MCC from the Mohs clinic database. We also reviewed the literature for cutaneous and mucosal MCC. RESULTS: There were 12 cases of MCC: 10 cutaneous and 2 mucous. The site distribution of cutaneous MCC was eight on the head, one on the neck, and one on the groin. Of these, nine were treated by Mohs excision. Two patients developed local recurrence following Mohs treatment. The local recurrence rate was 22% (2 of 9). The sites of mucosal MCC were the nasal septum and nasopharynx. One case had a history of previous radiation and developed an MCC 40 years later. This case also demonstrated epidermotropic spread of Merkel cells to the overlying mucous epithelium. This patient required extensive intranasal and cranial surgery to remove the tumor. Both patients with mucosal MCCs died of their disease. The overall mucocutaneous survival of MCC at 1 year was 80% and at 2 years was 50%. CONCLUSION: In our series, local control of the primary MCC was achieved in 70% of patients (7 of 10) using combined Mohs excision and radiation. Two recurrences had primary tumors larger than 3.5 cm in diameter, while the other case was nonresectable by Mohs surgery. Tumor size appeared to determine the degree of local control. When the postoperative Mohs defect was less than 3.0 cm in diameter, local and regional control appeared to be more favorable. When the primary facial MCC is relatively small, removal by Mohs surgery followed by radiation was effective, therapeutic, and less disfiguring. Mucosal MCC is rare and may occur as a long-term sequelae after radiation therapy to the skin.