赴利比里亚初期维和官兵心理健康状况和人格特征相关分析

目的分析中国赴利比里亚维和官兵初期心理健康状况以及与人格特征的相关性。方法使用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）对运输分队和工兵分队共463名维和官兵进行集中测试。结果①维和官兵在执行任务初期SCL-90各因子分均低于中国军人常模（P〈0．01）。②维和官兵心理健康状况与人格特征相关。EPQ内外向维度与SCL-90强迫、抑郁、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子呈负相关（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,与人际关系、焦虑、敌对因子呈正相关（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;神经质维度与SCL-90各因子呈正相关（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,除躯体化、强迫因子外,精神质维度与SCL-90其余各因子呈正相关（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;掩饰性维度与抑郁、焦虑因子呈正相关（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。⑧运输分队的强迫、抑郁、焦虑及恐怖因子分显著高于工兵分队（P〈0．05）。结论赴利比里亚初期,维和官兵心理健康状况良好;维和官兵心理健康状况与自身的人格特征相关;工兵分队相对运输分队心理健康状况要好。     

我国赴利比里亚维和官兵心理健康状况调查分析

目的:调查分析我国赴利比里亚维和官兵心理健康状况及相关影响因素.方法:使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对277名官兵在训练期及执行任务初、中期进行集中测试.结果:①维和官兵在训练期及执行任务初、中期SCL-90各因子分均显著低于中国军人常模(P<0.01).②维和官兵执行任务初期焦虑因子分高于训练期,执行任务中期人际关系敏感和抑郁因子分高于训练期和执行任务初期.差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).③维和官兵SCL-90总分以及强迫症状、焦虑、抑郁、恐怖因子和队员的年龄、文化程度、军龄和职务呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论:我国赴利比里亚维和官兵心理健康状况良好,维和期间心理变化在正常范围波动;职务是影响维和官兵心理健康的主要因素,文化程度、年龄及军龄也影响维和官兵的心理健康.     

我国赴利比里亚维和官兵心理健康状况调查分析

目的:调查分析我国赴利比里亚维和官兵心理健康状况及相关影响因素.方法:使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对277名官兵在训练期及执行任务初、中期进行集中测试.结果:①维和官兵在训练期及执行任务初、中期SCL-90各因子分均显著低于中国军人常模(P<0.01).②维和官兵执行任务初期焦虑因子分高于训练期,执行任务中期人际关系敏感和抑郁因子分高于训练期和执行任务初期.差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).③维和官兵SCL-90总分以及强迫症状、焦虑、抑郁、恐怖因子和队员的年龄、文化程度、军龄和职务呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论:我国赴利比里亚维和官兵心理健康状况良好,维和期间心理变化在正常范围波动;职务是影响维和官兵心理健康的主要因素,文化程度、年龄及军龄也影响维和官兵的心理健康.     

滇南边防军人人格特征、应对方式对心理健康状况的影响

目的 了解滇南边防驻军官兵心理健康状况,为军事卫勤保障提供决策依据.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)和应对方式量表对驻滇某地270名边防军人进行调查.结果 滇南边防军人与我国军人常模比较,除人际关系、抑郁外,其余各因子评分均显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01).神经质与SCL-90各因子呈正相关,内外向与人际关系敏感、抑郁、偏执和精神病性呈负相关,精神质与人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性呈正相关;不成熟型应对方式与SCL-90量表各因子以及EPQ中的精神质和神经质呈正相关,成熟型应对方式与精神质呈负相关,与内外向呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论 滇南边防军人呈现出较强的压力感,心理问题相对明显,应通过有效的心理卫生服务提高军人心理健康水平.     

心理门诊青少年患者的心理健康及人格分析

目的 分析心理门诊青少年患者的心理健康状况和人格特征。方法 采用90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)评估心理门诊771例青少年患者心理健康状况和人格特征,分析性别、文化程度和人格特征对心理健康的影响。结果 与常模数据比较,青少年患者的SCL-90总分以及躯体化、强迫状态、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性分数较高(P<0.01),EPQ中神经质分数升高,精神质和掩饰程度分数下降,性格更内向(P<0.01)。与男青少年患者相比,女青少年患者SCL-90总分以及躯体化、强迫状态、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、偏执、精神病性分数升高(P<0.05)。女青少年患者神经质分数更高,男青少年患者精神质分数更高(P<0.05)。与初中青少年比较,高中青少年患者性格更内向,精神质分数较高,掩饰程度分数较低(P<0.01)。与低神经质组比较,高神经质组的SCL-90总分以及各因子分数较高,性格更内向,精神质分数较高,掩饰程度分数较低(P<0.01)。结论 心理门诊青少年患者心理健康状况较差,有一定人格特征,且受性别、文化程度...     

住院网络成瘾青少年的心身症状及相关因素分析

目的:探讨网络成瘾(IAD)青少年的心身症状及相关因素。方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷及父母养育方式量表,对诊断为IAD的青少年施测,得到有效问卷214份。将IAD青少年的心身症状与全国青年常模比较,并对心理健康水平与人格特征及父母养育方式之间的关系进行相关因素分析。结果:IAD青少年SCL-90各因子得分均高于全国青年常模(P<0.001)。焦虑、精神病性、总均分及阳性项目数与神经质人格呈正相关(P<0.05);抑郁、恐怖因子与父亲情感温暖、理解因子呈负相关(P<0.01);躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性及阳性项目数与父亲惩罚、严厉呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01);强迫、抑郁及焦虑因子与父亲过分干涉、拒绝否认呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01);焦虑与父亲过度保护呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:住院IAD青少年存在广泛的心身症状,其心身症状与神经质人格、父亲不当教养方式有关。     

抑郁性神经症患者人格特点规律及心理护理指导

目的：探究与分析抑郁性神经症患者人格特点及心理护理指导。方法：回顾性分析我院自2013年8月至2015年8月収治的80例抑郁性神经症患者的临床资料,对该组患者艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）及症状自评量表（SCL-90）进行分析,探究其规律及相关因素,制定合理的心理护理指导。结果：E分与人际敏感、抑郁呈负相关,P分与SCL-90总均分、人际敏感、抑郁、偏执、精神病性呈正相关,N分与SCL-90总均分及各因子呈正相关,L分与SCL-90总均分、强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执、精神病性呈负相关（P<0.05）。将EPQ各维度作为自变量,将SCL-90总均分及各因子作为因变量,Z=0.05,行多元逐步回归分析,可见E分进入人际敏感、抑郁方程,P分进入SCL-90总均分、抑郁、敌对、偏执方程,N分进入SCL-90总均分及躯体化、强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病方程（P<0.05）。结论：对抑郁性神经症患者制定积极有效的心理护理可促进此类疾病患者的康复,值得推广与应用。     

南昌市藏汉两族初中生心理健康状况比较研究

目的探讨在南昌学习的藏族初中生的个性特征与心理健康状况。方法以133例在南昌学习的藏族初中生为研究组,随机抽取本校汉族初中生为对照组。采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）及艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）进行评定。结果研究组学生存在一定的心理问题,以躯体化、焦虑、恐怖为主,与对照组存在显著差异;研究组EPQ中N量表与SCL-90各因子分呈正相关,P量表与人际关系敏感、抑郁、敌对、偏执、精神病性呈正相关。结论藏族学生心理健康状况欠佳,具有神经质和精神质倾向的人格特征。     

某部特种兵心理健康与个性、应对、状态-特质焦虑的相关性分析

目的探讨特种兵心理健康与状态-特质焦虑、个性、应对的相关性,为特种兵心理健康教育和心理素质训练提供科学依据。方法随机整群抽取460名某部特种兵,应用一般情况问卷、状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)、应对方式问卷、艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)实施团体测试。结果特种兵SCL-90总分与中国军人常模无显著性差异,躯体化、强迫、焦虑、敌对、恐怖因子分显著高于中国军人常模(P<0.01或P<0.05);EPQ中EPQ-P、EPQ-N因子分显著低于国内军人常模,EPQ-L因子分显著高于常模(P<0.01);应对方式中解决问题、求助因子分显著高于军人常模(P<0.01),自责、幻想、退避、合理化因子分显著低于军人常模(P<0.01);状态焦虑、特质焦虑分均显著高于国内常模。相关分析显示,SCL-90总均分与EPQ因子分中EPQ-P、EPQ-N及应对方式中不成熟应对方式(自责、幻想、退避)和混合型应对方式(合理化)呈显著正相关(P<0.01);与EPQ因子分中EPQ-E、EPQ-L呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。回归分析显示,对特种兵SCL-90总分有显著性影响的因素由大到小依次为状态焦虑、EPQ-N、合理化、特质焦虑。4个变量的决定系数R2=0.746,对方程检验,F=51.52,P=0.00。结论特种兵总体心理健康状况与国内一般军人相当,心理健康受到个性、应对方式、状态-特质焦虑等中介变量的综合影响,其中保持适度可控的焦虑情绪是维持心理健康的重要因素。     

军事演习中士兵心理健康与人格特征的相关性

目的了解士兵在军事演习前和演习时的心理健康状况,研究精神症状与人格特征的关系。方法采用SCL-90量表,对演习组进行两次测试,第一次在演习动员后、演习开始前的准备阶段,第二次在演习开始后的中间阶段,进行前后对比分析。对照组进行一次测试,和演习组第一次测试的时间相同,进行组间对照分析。对演习组在准备阶段应用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)测定人格维度,与心理症状进行相关分析。结果演习组士兵在演习前进行SCL-90量表的测试,人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、偏执等因子分结果显著高于对照组。演习组士兵在演习中进行SCL-90量表测试,仅有焦虑和敌意两项高于军队常模,有非常显著性差异。演习组在演习开始后的实施阶段SCL-90量表中人际敏感、抑郁、偏执、精神病性等因子分低于演习开始前的动员准备阶段。躯体化、焦虑等因子分高于演习开始前的动员准备阶段。个性的内外向与人际敏感呈正相关,与抑郁、精神病性呈负相关,神经质维度与人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐惧、偏执呈正相关,精神质维度与人际敏感、敌对、偏执、精神病性呈正相关,都有显著性差异。结论士兵在参加军事学习时可出现心理症状,演习开始后比演习开始前有好转,心理症状与人格有一定关系。     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Polymorphisms in genes involved in neurotransmission in relation to smoking

Smoking behavior is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The genetic contribution to smoking behavior is at least as great as its contribution to alcoholism. Much progress has been achieved in genomic research related to cigarette-smoking within recent years. Linkage studies indicate that there are several loci linked to smoking, and candidate genes that are related to neurotransmission have been examined. Possible associated genes include cytochrome P450 subfamily polypeptide 6 (CYP2A6), dopamine D₁, D₂, and D₄ receptors, dopamine transporter, and serotonin transporter genes. There are other important candidate genes but studies evaluating the link with smoking have not been reported. These include genes encoding the dopamine D₃ and D₅ receptors, serotonin receptors, tyrosine hydroxylase, trytophan 2,3-dioxygenase, opioid receptors, and cannabinoid receptors. Since smoking-related factors are extremely complex, studies of diverse populations and of many aspects of smoking behavior including initiation, maintenance, cessation, relapse, and influence of environmental factors are needed to identify smoking-associated genes. We now review genetic polymorphisms reported to be involved in neurotransmission in relation to smoking.     

Tramadol concentrations in blood and in cerebrospinal fluid in a neonate

Based on blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples collected in a full-term neonate, the penetration of tramadol in the central nervous system is described. Following intravenous administration of tramadol, a lag time of about 4 h was observed until full blood–brain equilibration was achieved. This pharmacokinetic observation is in line with a recent pharmacodynamic evaluation of the central opioid effects of tramadol in adults.     

Disease control in asthmatic children seen in private practice in Switzerland

ABSTRACT

Background: Asthma is the most common chronic childhood disease in Switzerland with a prevalence of 10%. Asthma has a high economic burden accounting for high medical costs. Assessment of disease control is likely to be of help in the implementation of strategies to improve asthma. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate asthma control and therapy regimens among children in private practice.

Methods: We assessed asthma control as well as therapy regimens in 575 asthmatic children in an experience programme in Switzerland by using an abbreviated questionnaire based on the asthma control questionnaire and the child health questionnaire on Visit 1 and Visit 2.

Results: Good asthma control at Visit 1 was only present in 25.7% of asthmatic children. Occasional asthma symptoms, limitation of physical activity, nocturnal awakening and anxiety of the parent was present in 80.5%, 41.2%, 46.8% and 57% of the children, respectively. After adjustment of therapy regimens at Visit 1, mainly by adding a leukotriene receptor antagonist, asthma control was reported to be much better in 53.4% of the children at Visit 2.

Conclusions: As asthma control is inadequately achieved within a major portion of asthmatic children, it is imperative to find measures to improve asthma control and hence, to reduce the burden of disease.