SIRT1 gene polymorphisms are associated with growth traits in Nanyang cattle

Growth is under complex genetic control and uncovering the molecular mechanisms how the genes and polymorphisms affect economic growth traits, are important for successful marker-assisted selection and more efficient management strategies in commercial cattle populations. SIRT1 is a NAD⁺-dependent deacetylase that belongs to the class III histone deacetylases. It plays an important role in numerous fundamental cellular processes including gene silencing, DNA repair, and metabolic regulation. In addition, SIRT1 acts as an inhibitor of adipogenesis and has been associated with body weight regulation. The objective of the present study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of bovine SIRT1 using 1255 animals representing the five main Chinese breeds and to determine if these SNPs are associated with economically important traits in Nanyang cattle. The approach consisted of resequencing SIRT1 using a panel of DNA from unrelated animals of five different breeds and the process revealed five novel SNPs. SNPs g.17324T>C and g.17491G>A exhibited a high degree of linkage disequilibrium in all tested breeds. Seven major haplotypes accounting for 91.2% of the alleles were observed and the haplotype ‘GCCGA’ was the most common haplotype in NY, QC, LX and JX breeds. An association analysis was performed between the five SNPs and six performance traits. SNP g.-274C>G was demonstrated to have a strong effect on 24-months-old body weight and g.17379A>G polymorphism was related to 6 and 12-months-old body weight in NY population, although these effects did not remained significant after the Bonferroni correction. Our results provide evidence that polymorphisms in SIRT1 are associated with growth efficiency traits, and may be used for marker-assisted selection and management in feedlot cattle.     

Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphisms are associated with multiple pain-evoking stimuli

Variations in the gene encoding catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) are linked to individual differences in pain sensitivity. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in codon 158 (val(158)met), which affects COMT protein stability, has been associated with the human experience of pain. We recently demonstrated that three common COMT haplotypes, which affect the efficiency of COMT translation, are strongly associated with a global measure of pain sensitivity derived from individuals' responses to noxious thermal, ischemic, and pressure stimuli. Specific haplotypes were associated with low (LPS), average (APS), or high (HPS) pain sensitivity. Although these haplotypes included the val(158)met SNP, a significant association with val(158)met variants was not observed. In the present study, we examined the association between COMT genotype and specific pain-evoking stimuli. Threshold and tolerance to thermal, ischemic, and mechanical stimuli, as well as temporal summation to heat pain, were determined. LPS/LPS homozygotes had the least, APS/APS homozygotes had average, and APS/HPS heterozygotes had the greatest pain responsiveness. Associations were strongest for measures of thermal pain. However, the rate of temporal summation of heat pain did not differ between haplotype combinations. In contrast, the val(158)met genotype was associated with the rate of temporal summation of heat pain, but not with the other pain measures. This suggests that the val(158)met SNP plays a primary role in variation in temporal summation of pain, but that other SNPs of the COMT haplotype exert a greater influence on resting nociceptive sensitivity. Here, we propose a mechanism whereby these two genetic polymorphisms differentially affect pain perception.     

Association of ABCB1/MDR1 and OPRM1 gene polymorphisms with morphine pain relief

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of morphine are under the control of several polymorphic genes, which can account for part of the observed interindividual variation in pain relief. We focused on two such genes: ABCB1/MDR1, a major determinant of morphine bioavailability, and OPRM1, which encodes for the mu-opioid receptor, the primary site of action for morphine. One hundred and forty-five patients of Italian origin undergoing morphine therapy were genotyped for the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) C3435T of ABCB1/MDR1 and for the A80G SNP of OPRM1. Pain relief variability was significantly (P<0.0001) associated with both polymorphisms. Combining the extreme genotypes of both genes, the association between patient polymorphism and pain relief improved (P<0.00001), allowing the detection of three groups: strong responders, responders, and non-responders, with sensitivity close to 100% and specificity more than 70%. This study provides a good example of the possible clinical use of pharmacogenetics.     

Atovaquone plus chloroguanide versus mefloquine for malaria prophylaxis: a focus on neuropsychiatric adverse events

OBJECTIVES: We performed a prospective, double-blind, randomized study to compare the occurrence of neuropsychiatric adverse events and concentration impairment during prophylactic use of either mefloquine or atovaquone plus chloroguanide (INN, proguanil). METHODS: Our potential study population consisted of all persons who were included in the MAL30010 trial at the Travel Clinic, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. All subjects were randomized to receive either active atovaquone (250 mg) plus chloroguanide (100 mg) daily plus a placebo for mefloquine weekly or active mefloquine (250 mg) weekly plus a placebo for atovaquone plus chloroguanide daily. Each subject was followed up from a baseline screening visit up to the index date, 7 days after he or she left the malaria-endemic area. We measured the interindividual and intraindividual changes in mood disturbance by means of the Dutch shortened Profile of Mood States and 3 domains of the Neurobehavioral Evaluation System, which included sustained attention, coding speed, and visuomotor accuracy between baseline and follow-up visit. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 119 subjects with a mean age of 35 years. A significant deterioration in depression, anger, fatigue, vigor, and total mood disturbance domains occurred during use of mefloquine but not during use of atovaquone plus chloroguanide. Stratification for sex showed between-treatment differences in female patients but not in male patients. In both treatment groups, sustained attention deteriorated after travel, especially with increased duration of stay. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic use of mefloquine was associated with significantly higher scores on scales for depression, anger, and fatigue and lower scores for vigor than prophylactic use of atovaquone plus chloroguanide.     

MDR1 gene polymorphisms and risk of gingival hyperplasia induced by calcium antagonists

BACKGROUND: Gingival overgrowth is a common side effect of calcium antagonists. Although the pathogenesis is unknown, several lines of evidence point to a modulation of inflammatory processes. Because the calcium antagonists, albeit to a variable degree, act as inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the gene product of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1), and inflammation may modify P-gp expression, we analyzed the MDR1 polymorphisms as risk factors for gingival overgrowth induced by calcium antagonists. METHODS: Clinical, laboratory, and anamnestic data including periodontal parameters and use of calcium antagonists were assessed in a cross-sectional epidemiologic investigation (N = 1484). MDR1 polymorphisms in exon 21 G2677T/A and exon 26 C3435T were determined. P-gp expression was detected in gingival tissues. In a matched-pair analysis, 93 subjects using calcium antagonists and 186 not using them were compared. RESULTS: P-gp is expressed in the endothelial layers of blood vessels obtained from healthy or inflamed gingiva. Subjects treated with calcium antagonists had significantly deeper gingival pockets than their drug-free counterparts (P <.0001). This drug-related side effect was associated with the MDR1 2677G/G or G/TA genotype (P <.001) but not with the variant genotype T/TA. This drug effect was proved by multiple regression analysis with adjustment for the risk factors of periodontitis (age, sex, smoking, and education) (P <.0001) and was associated with elevated C-reactive protein levels. The association of probing depth with the MDR1 polymorphism was confirmed in the matched-pair analysis (P <.0001). CONCLUSION: Treatment with calcium antagonists leads to gingival hyperplasia, which is associated with the MDR1 G2677T/A polymorphism. The MDR1 genotype may modify the inflammatory response to the drugs.     

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene polymorphisms are associated with carotid atherosclerosis in men

BACKGROUND: The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is involved in the reverse cholesterol transport and is therefore a candidate gene for atherosclerosis. DESIGN: The prevalences of the I405V and the R451Q polymorphisms were studied in a population sample of 515 men and women. Genotypes were determined by PCR and carotid atherosclerosis by ultrasonography as the mean intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries. RESULTS: The Q451 allele was associated with significantly lower intima media thickness in men (P = 0.001). The Q451 allele was, in our earlier study, associated with high plasma CETP activity in men. The VV405 genotype was associated with lower plasma CETP activity compared with the II405 genotype (P < 0.01 for the difference). In the general linear model general factorial procedure the interaction between alcohol consumption and the I405V genotype on IMT was significant (P = 0.013) in men, and when the interaction term was taken into the model the I405V genotype also significantly affected IMT (P = 0.008). The VV405 genotype seems to be most harmful for men with the highest alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: We describe two polymorphisms of the CETP gene associated with intima media thickness in men. A significant interaction was found between alcohol consumption and the I405V genotype on IMT.     

乳腺癌MDR1基因多态性与紫杉类药物化疗血液毒副反应的关系

目的:探讨MDR1基因多态性与乳腺癌紫杉类药物为基础化疗毒副反应间的关系,为临床个体化药物治疗提供信息。方法:筛选93例汉族女性乳腺癌患者,利用PCR-RFLP技术检测其外周血MDR1 C3435T和G2677T/A基因型。结果:在本组病例中,白细胞和中性粒细胞减少症(Ⅲ～Ⅳ度)的发生频率相对较高,分别为27.2%和25%。MDR1 C3435T各基因型患者间中性粒细胞减少反应差异显著,CC型发生频率为5%,低于CT和TT型(26.3%和46.7%;χ2=8.075,P=0.018;95%CI0.017～0.022);未发现G2677T/A多态性与血液毒性的关联。结论:MDR1 3435T等位基因携带者在紫杉类药物治疗后发生中性粒细胞减少症的风险可能较大。     

Hypertension associated polymorphisms in WNK1/WNK4 are not associated with hydrochlorothiazide response

Objectives

Our purpose was to investigate whether with-no-K[Lys] kinase (WNK) 1 and WNK4 genetic polymorphisms are associated with both hypertension and diuretics response.

Design and methods

Two WNK1 and one WNK4 polymorphisms were detected in two independent populations (n = 1592 and 602) for association with hypertension, and in two clinical trials of hydrochlorothiazide treatment (n = 542 and 274) for association with diuretics response.

Results

Two polymorphisms were found to be associated with hypertension risk with odds ratio of 1.55 for WNK1 rs1468326 (P < 0.001) and 1.88 for WNK4 rs9916754 (P < 0.001) in the first population, and 1.54 for WKN1 rs1468326, and 1.82 for WNK4 rs9916754 in the second population. However, two clinical trials found no relationship between these WNK polymorphisms and systolic/diastolic blood pressure responses to 4 or 8 weeks treatment of hydrochlorothiazide.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that hypertension associated polymorphisms in WNK1 and WNK4 may not be predictors for antihypertensive response to diuretics.     

ERAP1基因多态性与非小细胞肺癌遗传易感性的关联研究

目的：探讨内质网氨肽酶1（endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1,ERAP1）基因多态性与非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）的相关性。方法入选NSCLC患者224例,健康体检人群207例。采用Taq Man探针基因分型方法对ERAP1基因SNP rs26653和rs26618两个位点进行基因分型,并构建单倍型,评估上述两个SNPs及单倍型与NSCLC的相关性。结果病例组和对照组ERAP1基因rs26618和rs26653基因型和等位基因频率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。病例组和对照组rs26618/rs26653单倍型CG、TC的单倍型频率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 ERAP1基因与NSCLC的发生有关, rs26618/rs26653-CG单倍型可能增加NSCLC的患病风险,rs26618/rs26653-TC单倍型对NSCLC可能具有保护性作用。     

ChREBP gene polymorphisms are associated with coronary artery disease in Han population of Hubei province

BackgroudChREBP regulates lipogenesis and glucose utilization in the liver. Current reports suggest a contradictive association between rs3812316 of this gene and triglyceride level. We hypothesized the polymorphisms in ChREBP gene were associated with CAD in Chinese population.MethodsThe ChREBP gene polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods in 200 controls and 310 CAD patients. Serum lipids and glucose concentrations were measured in all subjects. Haplotypes were constructed based on rs3812316, rs7798357 and rs1051921. All the data were analyzed using SPSS14.0, PLINK1.07 and SHEsis software.ResultsThe rare allele G of rs3812316 was significantly lower in the CAD group after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, SBP and DBP (OR^a = 0.589, 95%CI = 0.361–0.961, P = 0.034). No significant differences between cases and controls were found in genotype or allele distributions of rs7798357, rs17145750 and rs1051921. Haplotype CGC was significant higher in CAD group (P < 0.01, OR = 2.364, 95%CI = 1.608–3.474), while haplotypes GGC, CGT, CCC were significant lower in CAD group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe rs3812316 and the haplotypes in ChREBP gene appeared to be related to high susceptibility to CAD.     

多药耐药基因多态性和单倍体对环孢素A血药浓度的影响

目的探讨中国健康志愿者中多药耐药基因(MDR1)12外显子C1236T、21外显子G2677T/A和26外显子C3435T多态性及3个位点单倍体连锁不均衡性对环孢素A(CsA)药代动力学特性的影响。方法高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定20名健康男性单次口服CsA500mg后,24h中不同时间点的血药浓度。采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)结合基因测序法测定3个位点的基因多态性和单倍体类型。结果20名男性健康志愿者中,C1236T位点1名为CC型,8名为CT型,11名为TT型;G2677A/T位点4名为GG型,7名为GT型,4名为AT型,5名为TT型;C3435T位点5名为CC型,11名为CT型,4名为TT型;MDR1的C1236T和G2677A/T的基因多态性与峰浓度(Cmax)和药时曲线下面积(AUC0inf)差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),C3435T的基因多态性与Cmax无相关性(P>0.05),而与AUC0inf相关(P<0.05)。CC型、CT型和TT型的Cmax分别为2124.7±179.4ng/ml、1934.2±372.8ng/ml和1765.2±415.6ng/ml;AUC0inf分别为13922.4±2881.5ng/h-1·ml、11511.8±2192.1ng/h-1·ml和8514.9±1063.4ng/h-1·ml;至少含有1个C等位基因的基因型(CC型和CT型),二者的AUC0inf比TT型增高49%。单倍体分析表明,26与12和21外显子间存在单核苷酸多态性的连锁不均衡性,不同单倍体类型对CsA药动力学特性无影响(P>0.05)。结论MDR1C3435T的多态性可能是口服CsA后,生物利用度变异大的影响因素。