在新疆地区首次检出犬种布鲁氏菌

犬种布氏菌不仅是犬种布病的病原菌,也能在人体中和其他动物间引起感染。 1966年Carmichael等首次报道,在美国从200例流产的Beagle狗中首先分离到犬种布氏菌。此后,相继在德国、巴西、墨西哥和阿根廷等国都从人和犬中分离到本菌。在国内尚德秋氏等于1984年报道在上海第一医学院实验动物部的犬中分离到两株犬种布氏菌。     

从犬体内首次分离出鼠疫菌

鱼儿红地区系甘肃省肃北蒙古族自治县辖区的一个牧业乡。1975年在该地自毙狐狸体内分离出第1株鼠疫菌,证实该区为自然疫源地,之后,省、地、市联合对区域内各类啮齿动物及昆虫媒介检测,均未分离出鼠疫菌,动物间疫情呈“静息”状态。1996年在该地区自毙喜玛拉雅旱獭体内分离出鼠疫菌,表明动物鼠疫呈流行状态。     

大理州犬伤暴露后处理预防狂犬病现状分析

狂犬病是人类病死率最高(达100%)的传染病,到目前为止仍未找到有效治疗方法[1],但却是完全能够预防的疾病[2].近年来云南省和全国一样,由于犬只数量增加,狂犬病疫情上升.虽然大理州目前还没有发生狂犬病病例,但周边州(市)均曾有狂犬病的发生,大理州多数各级医护人员却不能正确进行犬伤暴露处理,现将有关情况报告如下.     

1994～1995年446例犬和其它动物伤人的调查分析

狂犬病是严重威胁人类生命的病毒性传染病[1]。随着人民生活的提高城市养宠物盛行。对犬的“管、兔、灭”的措施落实困难。犬伤人时有发生。狂犬病发病也呈上升趋势。为防制狂犬病发病提供科学依据。特对446例犬等动物咬伤处理防治‘情况作一综合分析。一、一般资料来源与病例处理方法内蒙古防疫站门诊部狂犬病防治室及站内疫情资料室。犬等动物咬伤病例记录、核对后分类分项统计。犬等动物咬伤人后的处理方法：凡被火及有传播狂犬病可能的动物咬伤抓伤等部按下列方法严格处理伤D和按程序注射狂犬疫苗及抗狂犬血清。（一）伤口的处理：先用…     

弥漫性路易氏小体病

弥漫性路易氏小体病是近年来提出的一种新的病理诊断名称，其主要病理特点为大脑皮质内广泛大量存在着路易氏小体，其临床主症为痴呆和帕金森氏综合征。     

保山市隆阳区一犬伤多人事件监测分析

目的 分析云南省保山市隆阳区一犬伤多人事件流行病学特征,总结处置经验,为进一步做好狂犬病防控工作提供依据.方法 收集隆阳区一犬伤多人事件的调查处置资料,并进行流行病学描述分析.结果 2014-2018年隆阳区共发生35起一犬伤多人事件,主要分布在隆阳区的中部和东南部地区;肇事犬狂犬病病毒阳性率为80.00％;犬伤暴露者133人,狂犬病疫苗接种率为96.99％,免疫球蛋白注射率为62.41％;有1名暴露者因未接受规范处置而死亡,罹患率0.75％.结论 一犬伤多人事件危害大;应加强监测,规范犬只管理,建立规范化犬伤处置门诊,开展健康教育,并及时调查处置.     

冀、京、吉犬群犬腺病毒中和抗体调查

目的为表达狂犬病病毒糖蛋白的犬2型腺病毒（CAV-2）重组狂犬病口服疫苗的投放工作提供流行病学依据。方法通过病毒中和试验对随机采自河北省,北京市,吉林省等地的387份犬血清进行犬腺病毒中和抗体检测,以确定犬群腺病毒感染率。结果河北、吉林农村流浪犬或家养犬腺病毒中和抗体阳性率较低,阳性率为16％（30／192）,而北京市犬腺病毒中和抗体阳性率高达69％（135／195）,说明城乡犬只犬腺病毒中和抗体存在明显差异。结论农村流浪犬或家养犬腺病毒中和抗体阳性率较低,适用于CAV-2及其重组疫苗首次免疫、尤其是口服免疫。     

首次从腹泻熊猫粪便中检出冠状病毒简报

<正> 国外已从人类及鸡、猪、牛、小白鼠、马和犬等动物检出冠状病毒,但熊猫可否感染冠状病毒未见报道,1987年9月28日,福州动物园熊猫“榕榕”发生腹泻,我们从其粪便中检出冠状病毒,现报告如下。 “榕榕”出生于1986年5月,现体重105斤。     

炎症小体与糖尿病并发症

固有免疫是机体的第一道防线。其家族成员NLRP3炎症小体是炎性免疫反应的重要组成部分,它不仅是炎l生反应的“感受器”,亦是炎性反应的“调节器”。NLRP3炎症小体能够识别内源性危险信号,激活e,aspase-1,继而活化白细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL-18等细胞因子,激发炎性反应瀑布效应,在糖尿病及其并发症中起重要作用。高血糖、高血脂和高血尿酸可激活NLRP3炎症小体,活化的NLRP3炎症小体通过K＋通道模型、溶酶体破坏模型及活性氧簇模型介导糖尿病肾病、糖尿病视网膜病变和动脉粥样硬化的发生、发展。     

中国儿童消化道异物管理指南（2021）

消化道异物是消化科常见的危急症之一,在儿童中最为常见。因误吞异物的种类繁多,导致处理方式多样,潜在的风险及并发症不断升级,若处理不及时或者处理不当会产生严重后果。目前,中国尚无针对儿童的消化道异物指南,因而在结合我国临床实践基础上制订符合国际标准的儿童消化道异物循证指南,对有效指导和促进儿童消化道异物管理具有重要意义。本指南按照规范的制订流程,联合多学科专家,基于现有证据,结合临床实践,制订符合我国国情的儿童消化道异物管理指南,以期为各级各类接诊儿童消化道异物的临床医师提供指导与决策依据。     

Heterogeneity of juvenile hormone binding compounds in fat bodies of a cockroach

Fat bodies of adult vitellogenic or non-vitellogenic females and those of adult males contain 2 populations of saturable JH binding compounds. The respective Kd vales are 2-5 x 10(-9) M and 1-4 x 10(-8) M. Fat bodies of penultimate nymphs, hemolymph of any animal, and midgut epithelia contain one saturable JH binder with a Kd of 1-5 x 10(-8) M. Unlabeled JH I and III, as well as the JH analog ZR-515 compete effectively for the binding sites in these tissues. The 2 classes of hormone binders were separated by DEAE ion-exchange column chromatography. The very high affinity molecules of the adult fat bodies are presumably the specific JH receptors which may function in translocation of the hormone to the nucleus. The compound with relatively lower hormone affinity may be the JH hemolymph carrier which is also produced by the fat bodies and then exported.     

Influence of ketone bodies on oxidative stress parameters in brain of developing rats in vitro

Pro-oxidant and antioxidant properties have been found for acetoacetate (AcAc) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in peripheral tissues. In the present study we investigated the role of AcAc and BHB at concentrations found in diabetic patients during ketoacidotic crises and in individuals affected by succinyl CoA: 3-oxoacid CoA transferase and acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase deficiencies, disorders clinically characterized by neurological symptoms, on a large number of oxidative stress parameters in fresh cerebral cortex of developing rats. Lipid peroxidation (chemiluminescence and thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances levels), protein oxidative damage (carbonyl formation and sulfhydryl oxidation), 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate oxidation and the non-enzymatic (total antioxidant reactivity and glutathione levels) and enzymatic (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities) antioxidant defenses were not changed by doses of BHB and AcAc as high as 25 mM in cortical supernatants under basal conditions. Furthermore, BHB did not affect the increased thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances levels provoked by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric and 3-methylglutaconic acids and by a hydroxyl-induced generation system. Finally, BHB and AcAc were not able to oxidize sulfhydryl groups from a commercial GSH solution. Therefore, under basal conditions or under situations with high production of free radicals, AcAc and BHB were not able to reduce or increase the oxidative stress parameters in the brain. Taken together, our present results do not support the hypothesis that BHB and AcAc act as potent direct or indirect pro-oxidants or antioxidants in the CNS.     

A catheterization technique for reproduction of a human atherosclerotic lumen within the dog coronary artery in vivo

Reproduction of a human atherosclerotic lumen within the arterial lumen of an intact animal would facilitate angiographic and hemodynamic studies of stenoses. Accordingly, a male silicone rubber cast of a human atherosclerotic lumen was obtained from a cadaver artery, and a thin-walled replicate arterial phantom was constructed from the cast by use of a rapidly polymerizing liquid plastic. The casting properties of both materials were such that the topography of the arterial lumen was duplicated precisely in the phantom with 20 x microscopic detail preserved. The phantom was coated with a banzalkonium-heparin solution and introduced over a guidewire into an epicardial segment of a coronary lumen of the dog. Similarly, a larger phantom was placed within the dog femoral artery either directly via an arteriotomy or indirectly via a catheterization technique. Since the plastic material used to make a phantom had the same radiographic density of tissue, the angiographic appearance of an intra-arterial phantom was that of a human stenosis.     

圈型耵聍钩在儿童鼻腔异物取出中的应用

目的探讨圈型耵聍钩在儿童鼻腔异物取出中的应用价值。方法运用圈型耵聍钩对2013-09~2016-06就诊于该科的72例儿童鼻腔异物进行取出操作。结果表麻下或无麻醉下圈型耵聍钩一次性取出67例,分两次取出3例,仅有2例全麻下采用其他器械取出,术后鼻腔黏膜出血3例,使用鼻腔黏膜收缩剂后血止,均不需鼻腔填塞。结论圈型耵聍钩对儿童鼻腔异物的取出安全性好,效率高,特别对于鼻道内的圆滑异物。     

Methylmalonic and malonic aciduria in a dog with progressive encephalomyelopathy

A 12 week old female Labrador retriever dog with signs of progressive diffuse degeneration of the brain and spinal cord was found to have methlymalonic and malonic aciduria. Over a 5 month period, the dog developed neurologic signs compatible with disease of the central nervous system with predominant diffuse cerebral and right lateralizing brainstem deficits. Gross pathological examination of the brain showed that the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles of the brain were markedly enlarged and associated with white and grey matter atrophy. Syringomyelia and hydromyelia of the central canal into the dorsal funiculus of the spinal cord beginning at the level of the cervical intumescence and extending to the lumbar intumescence was also present. Significant biochemical abnormalities include methylmalonic and malonic aciduria, mild lactic and pyruvic aciduria. There was also accumulation of citric acid cycle intermediates including succinic, aconitic, and fumaric acids. Disordered fatty acid oxidation was suggested by increased excretion of adipic, ethylmalonic, suberic and sebacic acids. Neither ketoacidosis nor hyperammonemia were present, and serum cobalamin levels were normal. Overall, this dog demonstrates an inborn error of metabolism resulting in abnormal organic acid accumulation associated with a neurodegenerative disease.     

中国上消化道异物内镜取出失败的系统评价

目的 系统评价国内上消化道嵌顿异物内镜取出失败的影响因素.方法 用循证医学方法,检索中文数据库中有关内镜取上消化道异物的文献并获取全文,根据严格的纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选,从1975年至2010年10月共纳入215项研究(共904例取出失败),均为回顾性队列研究.然后对入选文献进行数据提取、汇总及归纳分析.结果 结果显示内镜下取金属类异物的失败率较高(23.0％,78/371);异物吞入24h之后内镜取出失败的比例(97.5％,79/81)明显高于24h内取出失败的比例(2.5％,2/81);内镜下取嵌顿于食管的异物的失败率(49.8％,213/428)较胃(29.0％,124/428)、十二指肠(17.0％,73/428)、会厌部(4.2％,18/428)的失败率高;特殊人群(被管制人员、精神心理异常患者)较一般患者失败率高[(8.4％,29/346)比(4.2％,875/21071),P=0.0001).术前行胸腹部X线检查和CT检查病例的失败率(3.7％,22/591)低于只行胸腹部X线检查(4.3％,788/18450)或钡餐检查(5.1％,50/980)的失败率.失败患者中有9例死亡病例,均为锐利骨类异物的嵌顿,8例嵌顿于食管中上段,6例嵌顿时间超过24h.结论 异物类型、大小、嵌顿时间、所处消化道位置以及患者的人群特点与内镜下取异物失败率的高低有关.做好充分的术前准备、加强特殊人群管理,改善饮食习惯,及时就诊是控制失败率的关键.     

Western view of the management of gastroesophageal foreign bodies

The best modality for foreign body removal has beenthe subject of much controversy over the years.We have read with great interest the recent article by Souza Aguiar Municipal Hospital,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,describing their experience with the management of esophageal foreign bodies in children.Non-endoscopic methods of removing foreign bodies(such as a Foley catheter guided or not by fluoroscopy)have been successfully used at this center.These methods could be an attractive option because of the following advantages:Shorter hospitalization time;easy to perform;no need for anesthesia;avoids esophagoscopy;and lower costs.However,the complications of these procedures can be severe and potentially fatal if not performed correctly,such as bronchoaspiration,perforation,and acute airway obstruction.In addition,it has some disadvantages,such as the inability to directly view the esophagus and the inability to always retrieve foreign bodies.Therefore,in Western countries clinical practice usually recommends endoscopic removal of foreign bodies under direct vision and with airway protection whenever possible.     

内镜治疗消化道异物262例

目的总结消化道异物在内镜下的处理经验．方法１９８９年～１９９６年０３月消化道异物２６２例，男１７４例，女８８例；年龄１０月龄～７９岁；部位在食管内８４例，胃内１６７例，十二指肠６例，回肠２例，大肠３例．在内镜直视下按照异物的形态和大小，选择适合的异物钳，取出异物１８８例，设法让异物通过肠道排出体外６９例．结果２６２例患者中２５７例通过上述方法治疗后取得满意疗效，取出异物１８８例、排出异物６９例．仅５例治疗失败后（取出失败３例，排出失败２例）改为手术处理．内镜治疗消化道异物成功率为９８１％．结论经内镜治疗除空回肠以外的消化道异物是一种安全、有效的方法．     

Hereditary types of thrombocytopenia with giant platelets and inclusion bodies in the leukocytes

Summary Three forms of hereditary thrombocytopenia with giant platelets and inclusion bodies in the leukocytes have thus far been recognized. The May-Hegglin anomaly is characterized by giant platelets and spindle-shaped inclusion bodies in the leukocytes, which consist of 7–10 nm parallel-lying filaments. The Fechtner syndrome is a variant of the Alport syndrome, with inclusion bodies consisting of dispersed filaments, ribosomes and a few segments of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The Sebastian platelet syndrome shows the same platelet and leukocyte morphology observed in the Fechtner syndrome, but the additional anomalies e.g., the Alport syndrome, are lacking. The clinical signs and symptoms are variable. Most patients show only a mild bleeding tendency or are asymptomatic, but cases of severe postoperative hemorrhage have also been reported. Platelets can vary greatly in number, but are usually in the range of 20,000 to 120,000 platelets/µl, showing a mean platelet volume of 15–20 fl, unimpaired in vitro function and, in addition to their size and unorganized microtubular system, normal morphology. To date, no platelet membrane defects have been defined. Because the megakaryocyte number and platelet kinetics are normal, the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia in these giant platelet syndromes is unresolved; this is also true of the leukocyte inclusion bodies. Because of the ubiquity of electronic particle counters, asymptomatic patients are increasingly being identified, but they are often misdiagnosed as having autoimmune thrombocytopenia.