基因重组生长激素治疗青春期前特发性矮小疗效观察

目的探讨基因重组人生长激素（rhGH）对青春期前特发性矮小（ISS）的疗效。方法观察27例青春期前特发性矮小患儿,平均年龄（8.9±2.0）岁,身高（118.0±10.6）cm。治疗组13例,男10例,女3例,均接受基因重组人生长激素治疗,剂量（0.12±0.01）IU/kg,睡前皮下注射,疗程6个月至1年;对照组14例,男6例,女8例。结果治疗组患儿生长速率（GV）由治疗前（4.28±0.86）cm/a提高到（9.38±1.77）cm/a,P〈0.01;年龄身高标准差积分（HtSDSCA）由-2.28±0.48增至-1.72±0.62（P〈0.01）;骨龄身高标准差积分（HtS-DSBA）由-0.24±1.02增至0.27±0.99（P〈0.05）;与对照组比较,GV、HtSDS（CA）和HtSDS（BA）差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）;两组△BA/△CA比较差异无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）。结论GH治疗能改善ISS儿童的GV及HtSDS（CA）、HtSDS（BA）,而骨龄（BA）加速不明显,疗效肯定。     

重组人生长激素治疗特发性矮小患儿的疗效

目的 观察重组人生长激素( rhGH)治疗特发性矮小(ISS)的疗效.方法 2007年2月-2011年4月在本院儿科就诊并诊断为ISS的患儿62例.男38例,女24例；年龄5～12岁.每晚睡前皮下注射rhGH 0.15 IU· kg-1·d-1,观察1 a,自身比较生长速度(GV)、骨龄(BA)、体质量、身高、年龄对应的身高标准差积分( HtSDSCA)、BA对应的身高标准差积分(HtSDSBA)、BA/年龄( BA/CA)、预测成年身高(PAH)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平.结果 治疗1 a后,GV由治疗前(4.03±0.69) cm·a-1提高到(8.94±1.74) cm·a-1,身高由( 116.16±16.09) cm提高到(125.26±14.72) cm,HtSDSCA由-2.83±0.91提高到-2.07±0.94,HtSDSBA由0.21±1.01提高到1.14±1.25,PAH由(166.26±9.08) cm提高到(172.46±8.32) cm,治疗前后比较均有统计学差异.而BA、体质量、BA/CA 、IGF-1治疗前后比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 rhGH对ISS患儿促生长作用显著,且对BA无明显影响,不良反应少.     

重组人生长激素治疗特发性矮小12个月疗效评估

目的 分析重组人生长激素(rhGH)对特发性矮小（ISS）患儿的治疗效果和影响因素,为寻求优化治疗效果的途径提供参考依据。 方法 回顾性分析2003年2月至2011年7月在首都儿科研究所生长发育门诊确诊为ISS患儿的临床资料,依据是否予rhGH治疗分为rhGH组和对照组。以身高标准差变化（ΔHtSDS）和生长速度（GV）作为评估指标进行疗效和影响因素分析。分析治疗期间骨龄、身高年龄及胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)水平的变化。 结果 rhGH组35例,对照组33例进入分析。①rhGH组治疗前、治疗后12个月HtSDS呈增长趋势(P<0.05);对照组均未见升高趋势。治疗后0～3个月的ΔHtSDS水平为(0.22±0.13),治疗后~6、~9和~12个月分别为(0.20±0.10)、(0.12±0.14)和(0.14±0.15),呈降低趋势,但差异无统计学意义。治疗后0～3个月GV为(10.78±2.70) cm·year-1,治疗后~6、~9和~12个月分别为(10.52±2.44)、(8.31±2.78)和(8.50±2.29) cm·year-1,呈降低趋势,但差异无统计学意义。治疗后0~6个月ΔHtSDS和GV水平均显著高于～12个月［ΔHtSDS :(0.43±0.20) vs (0.27±0.24), GV: (10.48±2.17) vs (8.48±2.39) cm·year-1］。②治疗后12个月的ΔHtSDS水平与治疗开始时的年龄呈负相关,与治疗后0～3个月的ΔHtSDS呈正相关;治疗后12个月的GV水平与治疗前的GH峰值和治疗后3个月的GV水平呈负相关。③治疗后1年青春期前、青春早中期和青春后期ΔHtSDS差异总体上有统计学意义（P=0.016）,其中青春期前显著高于青春早中期和青春后期;GV差异无统计学意义。④rhGH组治疗后12个月的骨龄变化差异无统计学意义,身高年龄显著高于对照组。⑤rhGH组IGF-1水平在治疗后1个月升高较明显,之后升高趋势减缓。 结论 rhGH用于ISS患儿的治疗应尽量选择青春期前;治疗后3个月的效果可作为第1年治疗效果的预测因素;rhGH治疗不会使ISS患儿骨龄明显提前。     

重组人生长激素替代治疗对体脂含量的影响研究

目的分析重组人生长激素(rhGH)治疗生长激素缺乏症(GHD)后患儿体质量变化的规律及原因;寻找rhGH替代治疗后便捷、灵敏地监测脂代谢变化的指标,了解机体脂代谢变化与rhGH疗效的相关性。方法随机选择完全性生长激素缺乏症(GHD)患儿15例,给予rhGH0.033mg/(kg·d)治疗,疗程6个月。观察用药前后身高(Ht)、生长速度(GV)、身高标准差积分(HtSDS)的变化,评价rhGH的促生长作用;测量治疗前、治疗3个月后、治疗6个月后的体质量(Wt)、体脂含量(Fat%)、体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR),检测治疗前、治疗6个月后的血脂水平,评价GHD患儿rhGH治疗前、后脂代谢状况。分析rhGH治疗后机体脂代谢变化与rhGH疗效的相关性。结果治疗后患儿Ht、GV、HtSDS改善显著(P<0.01),rhGH促生长作用肯定;治疗后患儿Fat%、血HDL、LDL水平较治疗前显著下降(P<0.05),机体脂代谢得到改善;rhGH治疗3个月与治疗6个月的ΔFat%与ΔGV存在负相关性(r=-0.625,P=0.0096)。结论rhGH治疗GHD后的体质量增长,为非脂肪的增长;体脂含量监测便捷无创,较血脂...     

国产重组人生长激素治疗特发性矮身材患儿的疗效

目的观察重组人生长激素(rhGH)对特发性矮身材(ISS)患儿的促生长效果。方法选择矮身材患儿98例。按病因分为ISS组30例,生长激素缺乏症(GHD)组68例。二组患儿均予国产rhGH治疗,剂量分别为0.15、0.1 IU/(kg.d),每晚睡前皮下注射,疗程6个月。治疗前及治疗后3、6个月分别测定患儿的身高、体质量、骨龄,计算生长速度。结果治疗3、6个月二组生长速度均显著高于治疗前[ISS组:(7.3±2.9),(7.5±2.7),(3.5±2.1)cm年/,P<0.01;GHD组:(13.2±3.5),(13.5±3.6),(4.0±2.9)cm年/,P<0.01]。治疗6个月后ISS组27例身高增长,GHD组68例身高增长。治疗3、6个月二组同期的生长速度比较,GHD组高于ISS组(P<0.01)。结论国产rhGH治疗ISS患儿安全、总体有效,但疗效存在不均一性,且差于GHD患儿。     

不同剂量生长激素治疗生长激素缺乏症患儿的疗效

目的探讨不同剂量生长激素治疗生长激素缺乏症(GHD)的疗效。方法GHD患儿35例分为2个治疗组。A组16例,rhGH每周的总剂量为0.5IU/kg,分5d皮下注射,每次注射剂量为0.1IU/kg;B组19例,rhGH总剂量为0.7IU/(kg.周),分7d皮下注射,每次注射剂量为0.1IU/kg。患儿均连续使用rhGH皮下注射最少6个月。观察指标为治疗前后身高增长速度、治疗前后实际年龄的身高均值标准差计分、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)、治疗前后骨成熟情况(骨龄/实际年龄的变化)。结果治疗期间二组患儿身高均明显增加,生长速度均明显增快,身高均值标准差记分均明显升高,同一组患儿治疗前后差异有统计学意义。二组患儿治疗前后各指标比较无统计学差异。结论GHD儿童应用rhGH每周0.5IU/kg,与每周0.7IU/kg比较疗效相同。每周0.5IU/kg,可节省药物剂量,延长患儿用药时间,也减轻了患儿注射的痛苦。     

骨龄和遗传身高对重组人生长激素治疗生长激素缺乏症患儿疗效的影响

目的 观察重组人生长激素(rhGH)治疗原发性生长激素缺乏症(GHD)患儿的疗效,分析开始治疗时骨龄和遗传身高(FPH)对GHD治疗效果的影响.方法 对GHD患者应用国产rhGH治疗,选取其中36例完全性GHD男性青春期前患者,按骨龄不同将36例患者分成骨龄<9岁组(19例)和骨龄≥9岁组(17例);按FPH不同将36例患者分成FPH<170.79 cm组(13例),170.79 cm≤FPH<174.69 cm组(14例)和FPH≥174.69组(9例),分别进行治疗后0.5 a平均生长速率(GV)监测.结果 治疗时骨龄<9岁组GV值为(12.9±1.8)cm/a,明显大于骨龄≥9岁组[(9.2±2.1)cm/a](t=2.31 P<0.05);FPH≥174.69组GV值为(12.4±2.1)cm/a,明显大于FPH<170.79组[(10.1±2.0)cm/a](t=2.26 P<0.05).结论 开始治疗时骨龄和遗传身高对GHD患儿的促生长疗效存在显著影响.     

基因重组人生长激素治疗儿童生长激素缺乏症26例

目的　探讨基因重组人生长激素 (rhGH)对生长激素缺乏症 (GHD)患儿的疗效。方法　对 2 6例GHD给rhGH治疗 ,0 .1IU/ (kg·d) ,每晚皮下注射 ,疗程 0 .5年。结果　 2 6例身高平均增加 8.2± 0 .8cm/ 6个月 ,生长速率由治疗前 1.5± 0 .4cm/ 6个月增加至 6.5± 1.7cm/ 6个月 ,身高标准差由治疗前 4.5± 1.2减少至3 .2± 1.1,骨龄无明显增加 ,体重也略有增加。治疗期间第 1～ 3个月 75 %左右患儿出现甲状腺功能低下症状 ,但未影响体格线性增长。结论　rhGH是治疗GHD的一种有效、安全的促生长药物     

生长激素受体基因异常及多态性与特发性矮小的关系研究进展

随着促生长激素释放激素-生长激素-胰岛素样生长因子(GHRH-GH-IGF-1)轴和基因学研究的深入,生长激素受体基因(GHR基因)的突变及其核苷酸多态性与特发性矮小(ISS)的关系逐渐明了.GHR基因异常多发生在生长激素受体(GHR)蛋白的胞外区,可引起细胞内信号转导障碍,导致GHR蛋白功能及表达部分缺失,生长激素不能完全发挥作用或部分不敏感,从而可能发生ISS; GHR基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP),尤其是外显子Ex3多态性与ISS易感性有关.此外,GHR基因异常及SNP与ISS中IGF-1、生长激素结合蛋白血清水平及重组人生长激素治疗效果密切相关.深入研究ISS中GHR候选基因的筛查、蛋白功能表达及SNP分析,有利于提高ISS的遗传诊断水平,对明确ISS的病因及指导临床治疗具有重要意义.     

重组人生长激素治疗生长激素缺乏症疗效观察

目的 观察基因重组人生长激素(rhGH)对生长激素缺乏症(GHD)患儿的疗效。方法 对15例GHD患儿应用rhGH治疗,每晚睡前皮下注射0.1 IU/kg,疗程6个月。结果 患儿身高由治疗前109.3±9.9cm增加到115.5±11.3 cm;年身高生长速度由治疗前2.8±0.6cm/年增加到11.6±3.5cm/年。治疗期间除少数患儿出现亚临床甲状腺功能低下,注射部位有轻度反应外,未发现明显副作用。结论 皮下注射rhGH是治疗儿童GHD的一种安全有效的方法。     

Influence of growth hormone treatment on pubertal timing and pubertal growth in children with idiopathic short stature. Dutch Growth Hormone Working Group

We studied the influence of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on pubertal timing and pubertal growth in children with idiopathic short stature (ISS), and evaluated whether this was different between children with and without intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR). Twenty-six (18 M, 6 IUGR; 'treated') subjects were treated with rhGH (6-7 days/week, dosage: 14-28 IU/m2 per week [i.e. 0.2-0.3 mg/kg per week]). Fifty-eight subjects (31 M, 9 IUGR; 'controls') were not treated. All subjects attained final height. Prepubertal height gain was significantly larger in the treated children compared to control children (M: 0.66 SDS, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41 to 0.92; F. 0.92 SDS, CI 0.58 to 1.26). Pubertal height gain, peak height velocity and duration of puberty were similar for the treated and control subjects. rhGH advanced the age at peak height velocity by 0.7 years (CI 0.3 to 1.0) in boys, and the age at onset of puberty by 1.1 years (CI 0.3 to 1.9) in girls. The gain in final height was 2-3 cm. Age and height SDS at start were the most important predictors for pubertal height gain, total height gain and final height in a multivariate regression analysis. Total height gain of treated subjects with IUGR was less than that of treated subjects without IUGR. In conclusion, rhGH did not affect pubertal growth in children with ISS, and slightly improved their final height. rhGH treatment should be started early to improve height as much as possible before the onset of puberty.     

Multicentric study of efficacy and safety of growth hormone use in growth hormone deficient children in India

Growth Hormone being very expensive in India data on use of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is scarce. The authors studied the effect and safety of one year of therapy with rhGH on growth velocity and predicted final height in Indian patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). A multicentric, prospective, open trial with rhGH was performed on 15 patients. Patients received rhGH in a dose of 0.7 IU (0.23 mg)/Kg/week. The mean pretreatment height was 111.2cms {SD 12.4}, height velocity was 3.1 cms per year {1.2} and predicted height was 146.5 cms {10.4} at a mean age of 12.0 (2.8). At the end of therapy mean height was 123.4 {11.9}, height velocity was 12.1 cms per year {2.8} and the predicted height was 153.0 cm {9.4}. The increase in predicted height was thus 6.5cm (4.2). The increment in height velocity with growth hormone therapy was statistically significant (p value= 0.001). The present study shows that children with growth hormone deficiency in India also benefit from therapy with rhGH even when treatment is started late as compared to the published Western data and there is a potential for increased final height.     

Changes with growth hormone treatment in growth hormone deficient children

A total of 54 previously untreated patients (15 girls, 39 boys) with poor growth due to idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) were treated with human growth hormone (hGH), continuously up to 4 years. All of the patients had a peak hGH level which was below 10 ng/mL after at least two pharmacological tests and/or blunted physiologic hGH secretion, and their height was below ?2.5 s.d. for age and gender. After the 1st year of therapy, height velocity (HV) increased significantly when compared with baseline (from 3.18 ±0.76 cm/year to 9.17±1.03 cm/year; P <0.001), declined during the 2nd year and then remained significantly higher than pretreatment HV. When considering improvement in height expressed by height standard deviation score (SDS), during the therapy all of the patients showed a significant gain ± 1.72±1.09 (from ?4.11±0.61 to ?2.21±0.48). The height values were significantly higher than pretreatment, but remained below ?2 s.d. after 4 years of hGH therapy in our patients. Increased height velocity has been sustained, but height improvement after therapy was inversely correlated to height SDS for chronological age of patients at the start of therapy. In conclusion post-treatment height has been shown to be related to height deficit at the beginning of therapy. Therapy was well tolerated with no local or systemic adverse effects or acceleration of bone age.     

重组人生长激素治疗颅咽管瘤术后生长激素缺乏症

目的探讨低剂量基因重组人生长激素(rhGH)治疗颅咽管瘤术后生长激素缺乏症(GHD)患儿的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析2008年4月-2011年4月在北京三博脑科医院内分泌门诊治疗的12例7～15岁术后病理确诊为颅咽管瘤且继发生长迟滞患儿的病例资料及随访资料。患儿均给予rhGH治疗(每晚睡前皮下注射0.1 IU.kg-1,每周5次注射),疗程3～36个月。定期检测肝功能、肾功能、激素水平等指标,并比较患儿治疗前后身高、体质量、生长速度、身高标准差计数、胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)、骨龄等生长指标的改变。结果在rhGH治疗期间,12例患儿在治疗第1年生长速率增加显著,由(2.2±1.3)cm.a-1增加到(6.63±4.97)cm.a-1(P<0.01),身高标准差计数由治疗前-3.3±2.3增加到-3.2±2.8,血IGF-1治疗前为(38±64)μg.L-1,治疗后为(173±167)μg.L-1(患儿治疗后血清IGF-1水平达到正常范围),差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.01)。治疗期间,患儿肝肾功能等均保持在正常值范围,骨龄无明显变化,随访时尚无患儿肿瘤复发。结论低剂量rhGH治疗儿童颅咽管瘤术后继发GHD是经济、有效的,在充分评估及严密监控下开展GH替代治疗是安全的。     

Noonan's Syndrome: Abnormalities of the Growth Hormone/IGF-I Axis and the Response to Treatment with Human Biosynthetic Growth Hormone

ABSTRACT. Auxological and endocrine data from 6 children (3 male, 3 female) aged 8.5–12.8 years with Noonan's syndrome and the results of treatment with human biosynthetic growth hormone (hGH) are presented. All the children were short (Ht SDS -3.5 to -2.3) and height velocity SDS ranged between -1.76 and +0.03. The maximum plasma growth hormone (GH) response to standard provocation tests ranged from 17 to 52 mU/l, yet, plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations were low or low normal. Overnight GH secretory profiles were normal in all but 2 children who had disordered pulsatility with high trough concentrations. In 5 children who have completed one year of hGH therapy mean height velocity increased from 4.8 to 7.4 cm/year and the height velocity SDS ranged from +0.2 to +3.75. This improvement was associated with an increase in plasma IGF-I in three subjects. These results suggest that a defect of the GH/IGF-I axis may be present in some children with Noonan's syndrome and hGH therapy may have a role in the management of the short stature in these children.     

Growth hormone treatment of idiopathic short stature: analysis of the database from KIGS, the Kabi Pharmacia International Growth Study

Within the Kabi Pharmacia International Growth Study (KIGS) database, there is information on 1017 (700 male/317 female) patients with idiopathic short stature (ISS). These patients were started on recombinant human growth hormone (GH) at a median age of 10.8 years, a bone age of -1.8 SDS, a height of -2.6 SDS and a predicted adult height (PAH) (Bailey–Pinneau method) of -2.5 SDS. The median dose of GH was 0.6 IU/kg body weight/week and the frequency of injections was six/week. According to the relationship with target height the patients were classified into'familial short stature (FSS)'(height SDS > target height SDS - 1.28) and into'non-FSS'(height SDS < target height SDS - 1.28). During the first year of GH treatment there was an overall increment in the median height velocity from 4.4 to 7.4 cm/year. Over 3 years of GH treatment, cross-sectional analysis demonstrated an overall increment in median PAH of 1.2 SDS. There was a positive correlation between gain in PAH and the GH dose (n = 202, r = 0.18, p < 0.01) during the first year. Longitudinal analysis in 84 patients showed an overall increment of PAH of 0.7 SDS over 2 years of treatment. When applying the KIGS first-year prediction model for patients with idiopathic GH deficiency on cohorts of prepubertal children with FSS and non-FSS, a lower responsiveness to GH in the non-FSS group was observed. It is concluded that higher than substitutive doses of GH are required for the long-term improvement of growth in ISS.     

Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Treatment of Children with Chronic Renal Failure: Update 1990

ABSTRACT. Nine children with growth retardation due to chronic renal failure were treated with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) for 12-36 months. Results demonstrated a significant increase in height velocity at each 12-month interval compared with that achieved during the year prior to treatment. However, the increase in bone age was no greater than the increase in chronological age during the period of treatment. The mean calculated creatinine clearance did not decrease significantly during the 36 months of treatment; however, two patients required institution of dialysis at 18 and 30 months following initiation of rhGH treatment. There was no exacerbation of the glucose intolerance of uraemia following treatment. Currently, 6 of 7 patients who have been treated for more than 24 months have achieved sufficient acceleration in height velocity to attain an SDS of less than -2.00 and are above the 5th centile for chronological age on the growth curve. These updated data indicate that rhGH treatment of growth retarded children with chronic renal failure continues to result in accelerated height velocity during the second and third year of treatment, and demonstrate the potential for such children to achieve normal stature (±2 SD) for chronological age despite the continued presence of chronic renal failure.     

一个Laron 综合征家系患者临床特点和生长激素受体基因突变分析

Laron 综合征是一种常染色体隐性遗传病,生长激素受体（GHR）基因缺陷是导致Laron 综合征的主要病因。Laron 综合征主要临床特征为生后严重的生长落后伴特殊面容,血生化特点为高生长激素(GH)、低胰岛素样生长因子- (IGF-I) 和低胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白- (IGFBP-3)。该研究报道一家系2例Laron 综合征患者的临床特点及GHR基因突变。这两个病人为同胞姐弟。弟弟8岁,身高80.0 cm (-8.2 SDS),姐姐11岁,身高96.6 cm (-6.8 SDS)。他们出生体重和身长无特殊,自生后出现生长落后,身高明显落后于同龄正常儿童,并均呈现了典型Laron 综合征外貌特征：身材矮、肥胖、前额突出、大眼睛、塌鼻梁、头发稀软。这两个病人空腹血清GH值均明显高于正常儿童,空腹血清IGF-I明显低于同年龄同性别正常儿童,血浆IGFBP-3和生长激素结合蛋白（GHBP）低于检测线。其中1例（8岁男孩）胰岛素和可乐定刺激后GH峰值大于350 ng/mL,给予重组人生长激素治疗1年,身高由治疗前的80.0 cm 增加至83.3 cm。GHR基因序列测定结果显示2例患者均存在外显子4上第65位氨基酸的纯合突变S65H(TCA → CCA),为新发现的突变。Laron 综合征患者存在特殊的面貌特征,结合血GH、IGF-I、IGFBP-3和GHBP测定可以明确诊断。GHR基因外显子4上S65H突变可能是这两位Laron 综合征患者的致病原因。［中国当代儿科杂志,2007,9（4）：335-338］