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1.
Background
Suicide among children and adolescents is a major public health issue. It is one of the leading causes of death in youths. A previous suicide attempt is a well-established risk factor for completed suicide. Since 1998, hospitalisation has been recommended for all children or adolescents who have attempted suicide by the French sanitary agency. We aim to estimate the frequency of suicide attempts during childhood and adolescence and the frequency of hospitalisation after a suicide attempt.Method
A cross-sectional sample of adolescents aged 17 years was recruited in 2008 (ESCAPAD Study). Analyses were conducted on 38,236 participants who responded to the question: “During your life, have you ever attempted suicide?”. Bivariate statistical analyses compared sociodemographics characteristics and perceived relationships in the family according to the presence of a history of suicide attempt.Results
In our sample of French adolescents aged 17 years, 8.2% (n = 3146) reported at least one history of suicide attempt. Three out of four adolescents reporting a history of suicide attempt were women (sex-ratio 1:3). Adolescents who were out of school at 17 years old (Odds ratio = 2.24 [CI 95%: 1.83–2.75]; P < 0.001) and those who had repeated at least one grade in school (Odds ratio = 1.97 [CI 95%: 1.83–2.12]; P < 0.001) were more likely to report a history of suicide attempt. Those whom parents were unemployed (Odds ratio = 1.41 [CI 95%: 1.24–1.61]; P < 0.001) were also more likely to report a history of suicide attempt. Family discord and negative relationship with parents were also associated with an increased frequency of history of suicide attempt. Only 25% of adolescents reporting a history of suicide attempt were hospitalised after this suicide attempt.Discussion
The results of this study have to be considered given some methodological limitations: data are retrospective and collected by questionnaires completed by the adolescents themselves. Similar results on the association between negative relationships in family and suicidal behaviours in depressed adolescents have been previously shown by Consoli et al. (2013) in the ESCAPAD study. 相似文献2.
Objective
From a data collection conducted among junior high-school students, we propose to assess global and physical self-esteem. Indeed, profound physical changes, psychological and social affect this phase of development of the person and the object of this article is to clarify what are the potential impacts of these changes on self-esteem as a function of age and gender.Methods
Five hundred and seventy-nine junior high-school students of the Midi-Pyrenees region, aged 11 to 17 years (M = 13.34, SD = 1.20) have informed the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (1965) and the physical self-inventory (Ninot, Delignières and Fortes, 2000).Results
The reliability of both tools is confirmed from our study sample. The results allow to update significant differences in global and physical self-esteem according to the age and gender of the adolescents.Conclusion
The discussion focuses on the interpretation of gender differences in the assessment of global self-esteem and physical interpretation of the differences in the development of the person. 相似文献3.
Background
Little is known about the influences of fetal weight and sex on spectral analysis of fetal heart rate (FHR) variability.Aim
The study aims to assess whether there are differences in spectral power of FHR variability according to fetal weight and sex during labor.Study design
Case–control study. A total of 414 singleton term deliveries without fetal acidemia were divided into small-for-gestational-age (SGA) (n = 29) and non-SGA (n = 385) groups. Analyses were performed separately according to fetal sex.Subjects
FHR recordings obtained with cardiotocography during the last 2 h of labor preceding delivery.Outcome measures
Our outcome measures include spectral power of FHR variability.Results
For the male group, SGA fetuses had significantly lower values for low, movement, high, and total frequencies of spectral power compared with non-SGA fetuses (all P < 0.005). Normalized low frequency (LFn) was significantly higher, and normalized high frequency (HFn) was significantly lower in SGA fetuses compared with non-SGA fetuses (all P < 0.005). In contrast, for the female group, there were no significant differences in any of the indices of spectral power between the SGA and non-SGA fetuses. In addition, SGA males had significantly higher LFn spectral power and lower HFn spectral power compared to SGA females (P = 0.016, and 0.041, respectively).Conclusions
SGA males have decreased spectral power of FHR variability compared with non-SGA males during labor. However, there are no differences between SGA and non-SGA female fetuses. It is important in the clinical setting to take fetal weight and sex into account during FHR monitoring using spectral analysis. 相似文献4.
Interest
The Dupré clinic of Sceaux is a “care and study” center, which has developed a multidimensional program including medical care, institutional psychotherapy and school studies for adolescents and young adults aged 16 to 25 suffering from severe psychiatric disorder, social impairment and/or school drop-out. To our knowledge, there are very few studies that have been conducted on the patient's clinical characteristics and the specific cares that can influence outcomes.Method
We studied a sample of 55 patients treated at the Dupré clinic between 2007 and 2012 (mean duration of hospitalization = 570 days; mean admission Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) score = 43.6). GAF scores at time of admission and at time of discharge, other relevant clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of the patients and the specific cares received during hospitalization were collected. Most of the patients had a diagnosis of psychotic disorder (28%), personality disorder (25%) or eating disorder (23%).Results
Sixty percent of these patients were considered as “good responders” (i.e., an increase in GAF scores ≥ 25%) and the others (40%) were considered as “poor responders”. Adolescents who participated in a specific care focusing on the professional integration were more likely to be good responder (75% versus 44% among adolescents who did not participate in this specific care, P = 0.023).Conclusion
Given the limitations of our study (small sample, observational study), the potential interests of specific cares focusing on the professional integration of adolescents in “care and study” center should be further studied. 相似文献5.
6.
Background and study aim
Recent previous studies have highlighted the existence of burnout among high-school students. Burnout among high-school students has been described as a continuum between academic stress and severe burnout. Moreover, as for adults, burnout in school context is a three-dimensional concept that includes: exhausting concerning school demands, cynical attitudes towards school and sense of inadequacy as a student (Salmela-Aro et al., 2009). Previous research has shown that burnout can engender depression (Salmela-Aro et al., 2009), and that, depression in turn could lead to suicide ideas among adolescents (Garlow et al., 2008). Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the determinisms of burnout among French high-school students and to evaluate the mediator effect of depression between burnout and suicidal ideations.Method
Two hundred and fifty-six high-school students from 11th and 12th grades participated in this study. Among the participants, 135 were boys and 117 were girls, mean age was 16.9 years (SD = 0.88). The participants completed questionnaires about depression, suicidal ideations, burnout, academic stress, perceived pressure and perfectionism.Results
Regression analyzes were performed in order to determine the predictor variables of school burnout. The results indicates that burnout was predicted by academic stress, perceived pressure provided by parents and provided by peers; perfectionism however appears as a protective factor. In a second step mediation analyses using multiple regressions were performed. As expected, depression was a mediator between burnout and suicidal ideations. Since burnout was a significant predictor of depression and of suicide ideas, when depression and burnout are both associated, depression is the principal predictor (β = 0.64; t = 11, P < 0.0001) and burnout is no longer a significant predictor (β = –0.09; t = –1.6; P = 0.11). The Sobel post-hoc test confirmed these results (z = 8.4, P < 0.0001).Conclusion
Therefore it seems important to take into account academic stress and burnout for prevention of suicidality in adolescents. Psychotherapy interventions, focused on problem solving or improving feelings of self-efficacy, may be interesting to explore. 相似文献7.
Anderson Sanches de Melo Heloisa Bettiol Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva Ana Carolina Japur Sá Rosa-e-Silva Viviane Cunha Cardoso Rosana Maria dos Reis Rui Alberto Ferriani Marco Antonio Barbieri Carolina Sales Vieira 《Early human development》2014
Background
Small for gestational age (SGA) birth has been associated with adipocyte dysfunction during later phases of life. Because SGA women are at a higher risk of developing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), adipocyte dysfunction detected in patients with PCOS may be associated with SGA birth.Aims
To determine whether SGA birth is related to altered serum markers of adipose tissue dysfunction during the third decade of life in Brazilian women. A secondary objective was to relate the presence of PCOS with serum markers of adipose tissue dysfunction.Study design
Prospective cohort observational study.Subjects
A total of 384 women born at 37 to 42 weeks of gestation from June 1, 1978 to May 31, 1979 in Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo, Brazil. After exclusion, 165 women participated in the study. Of these women, 43 were in the SGA group and 122 were in the adequate for gestational age group based on birth weight determined from cohort files.Outcome measures
Body mass index (BMI), arterial systolic and diastolic pressures, abdominal circumference and serum concentrations of total testosterone, fasting glucose and insulin, lipid profile, adiponectin, leptin and necrosis factor alpha tumor (TNFα).Results
BMI was an independent predictor of lower adiponectin (adjusted coefficient = − 0.02, p = 0.01) and higher leptin (adjusted coefficient = 0.06, p = 0.01) concentrations. The serum insulin concentration was associated with higher leptin (adjusted coefficient = 0.03, p = 0.02) and TNF-α (adjusted coefficient = 0.01, p = 0.03) concentrations. Having PCOS or being born SGA did not predict any markers of adipocyte dysfunction. 相似文献8.
Background
Prenatal exposure to serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) antidepressants has been associated with delays in early developmental milestones, but there remains uncertainty. Even among a subset of studies examining the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID), some have reported normal mental and psychomotor development while others have suggested a delay in motor development. Given an increasing number of infants exposed to SRIs, furthering our understanding of the possible developmental implications of SRI exposure in utero is critical.Aims
To examine the effects of prenatal serotonin reuptake inhibitor exposure and maternal mood on infant developmental outcomes at 10 months of age.Study design
Prospective study of mothers and their 10-month-old infants.Subjects
We examined 31 mother–child pairs exposed prenatally to SRIs and 52 mother–child pairs who were nonexposed.Outcome measure
The Bayley Scales of Infant Development (third edition) scores.Results
Infants exposed prenatally to SRIs scored significantly lower than nonexposed infants on gross motor (P = 0.03), social–emotional (P = 0.04) and adaptive behavior (P = 0.05) subscales of the BSID-III, controlling for pre- and postnatal maternal depressed mood, smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy. No significant differences in any of the BSID-III subscales were observed between infants exposed and infants nonexposed to pre and postnatal maternal depressed mood (P > 0.05). Increased levels of maternal positive affect at 10 months predicted increased social–emotional scores (P = 0.03).Conclusions
Infants prenatally exposed to SRIs score significantly lower on the gross motor, social–emotional and adaptive behavior subscales of the BSID-III, and this was not explained by underlying maternal depression. 相似文献9.
M. Giannitelli M. Plaza F. Guillemont A. Hingant N. Bodeau D. Chauvin E. Jaunay E. Deniau A. Consoli J.-M. Guilé D. Cohen 《Neuropsychiatrie de l'enfance et de l'adolescence》2011
Background
Children and adolescents involved with foster care are a population at high risk of developing psychiatric disorders and poor language skills. Here, we aimed to assess in children and adolescents admitted in a university department of child and adolescent psychiatry whether being involved with foster care would change oral and written language impairments they face.Method
We conducted a case-control study in a sample of 104 inpatients aged six to 18 years (50 supported by foster care; 54 not supported). Assessment included family and medical histories, axis 1 diagnoses and a systematic screening of written abilities using the French version of the 1-minute reading test, a spelling task and two tasks of sentence comprehension. For subjects showing at least one score below two standard deviations at one screening task, a full language assessment was performed including tasks for oral language, phonological skills, word identification, naming speed, syntax and comprehension.Results
We found more language impairments in inpatients involved with foster care than controls. They had lower scores in complex language comprehension tasks, more impaired phonological skills, and more fragile word identification strategies (both the grapho-phonologic conversion and the assembling strategy). We found a significant association between language and gender (male), intellectual disability and pervasive developmental disorder. Although externalized disorders were significantly associated with written language impairment, this association was mediated by gender. Finally, children and adolescents involved with foster care were at higher risk not to be treated for a language impairment (odd ratio = 3.5 [95%CI : 1.03–12.05], P = 0.038).Conclusion
The severity and prevalence of language impairments among youths involved with foster care and requiring psychiatric inpatient stay show the impact of learning disabilities in this population. In terms of prevention, assessment of language skills should be promoted in this population as they appear to be at risk of not receiving proper speech or reading remediation. 相似文献10.
Background
Whereas adolescent motherhood has been the object of significant research over the past decades, much less studies have dealt with adolescent fatherhood. Every year approximately 14 million of female teenagers aged 15 to 19 years give birth to a child in the world (WHO, 2009), which corresponds to 11% of annual births. Statistics concerning adolescent fathers are very scarce, and even non-existent in the majority of the countries. Fathers seem to be the forgotten face of adolescent pregnancy. In this article, we propose a synthesis of the recent literature on adolescent fathers, their transition to parenthood and their marital relationships.Main results
Most studies have been carried out with Afro-American populations whose psychosociological profile of poverty, family deprivation and social exclusion is meant to explain the pregnancy as a result of a series of risk behaviors. These populations are exposed to many risk factors other than their young age, and this precludes any generalization of their results to other groups. Although adolescent couples seem to be subjected to a greater marital instability, most studies show that adolescent fathers have positive expectancies towards parenthood and wish to keep a relation with their child and his mother, whether they maintain or not a romantic relationship with her. Some forms of coparenting can be sustained even when the parental couple does not maintain anymore a marital relationship. In case of noncohabitation, it is important to support the parental alliance and coparenting in order to maintain the father's contact and involvement with his child. The presence and the involvement of the father since pregnancy, or the early postpartum, are pointed as significant predictors for both the quality of couple and father–child relationships in the postpartum and later. However, from pregnancy, adolescent fathers are often excluded from programs of financial, social and psychological support offered to teenager mothers.Conclusions
Studies on adolescent fathers are still very few and often affected by a negative vision, which does not account for the diversity of situations. More research is needed on this topic, including a longitudinal design and populations of multiple socio-economic and cultural background. Lastly, it appears imperative to offer them the same programs of prevention and material and psychological support that those proposed to teenager mothers, in order to encourage their involvement since the antenatal period, as recommended by WHO. 相似文献11.
V. Walburg S. LaconiN. Van Leeuwen H. Chabrol 《Neuropsychiatrie de l'enfance et de l'adolescence》2014
Background
Cannabis use and behavior delinquency tend to co-occur, to be associated and to share risk factors, more particularly among adolescents. However, the role of the immaturity of moral judgment and self-serving cognitive distortions in the explanation of cannabis use has not been studied. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of these factors to the prediction of cannabis use among adolescents girls and boys.Methods
Participants were 972 high-school students (594 boys (61%); 378 girls (39%); mean age of boys = 17.1 ± 1.2; mean age of girls = 16.7 ± 1, P < 0.001; age range = 14–21). They completed self-report questionnaires measuring emotional variables (depressive symptoms, social anxiety and self-esteem), social cognitive variables (moral judgment and self-serving cognitive distortions), personality variables (borderline and psychopathic traits) and one item to evaluate the frequency of cannabis use.Results
Thirty-seven percent of boys (n = 219) and 24% of girls (n = 91) reported having used cannabis at least once during the last 6 months (P < 0.001). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to investigate the contribution of social cognitive variables to cannabis use among boys and girls. Social cognitive variables accounted for an increase of 4% in explained variance among boys and 3% among girls. The incremental F ratio exceeded critical F for the 0.5 level of significance, indicating that the social cognitive variables significantly increased the explained variance of the frequency of cannabis use in both genders.Discussion
The significant contribution of the social cognitive variables to the explanation of frequency of cannabis use does not indicate the causal direction of the relationship. It may be that immaturity of moral judgment or self-serving cognitive distortions may facilitate cannabis use. Conversely, cannabis use may modify social cognitive variables by enhancing cognitive impulsivity, by inducing social withdrawal which may contribute to alter moral judgment and cognitive empathy, through becoming used to transgressions, or through the influence of delinquent peers using cannabis. This link is probably bidirectional, cannabis use and disturbances of social cognitions influencing mutually negatively. A possible implication of these results might be to indicate a therapeutic target to cognitive interventions to reduce adolescent cannabis use. 相似文献12.
Aim
To systematically update evidence on the efficacy of using probiotics for the prevention of healthcare-associated diarrhea in children.Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, two clinical trials and reference lists were searched in June 2013, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed in children aged 1 month to 18 years that compared the effects of the administration of probiotics with placebo or no intervention. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of healthcare-associated diarrhea.Results
Six RCTs involving 1343 children met the inclusion criteria. Administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) compared with placebo reduced the risk of healthcare-associated diarrhea (2 RCTs, n = 823, RR 0.37; 95% CI 0.23–0.59), reduced the risk of rotavirus gastroenteritis (3 RCTs, n = 1043, RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.28–0.86), but did not reduce the risk of asymptomatic rotavirus infection (2 RCTs, n = 301, RR 1.39, 95% CI 0.74–2.62). Administration of Bifidobacterium bifidum & Streptococcus thermophilus compared with placebo reduced the risk of healthcare-associated diarrhea (1 RCT, n = 55, RR 0.22, 95% CI 0.05–0.96), rotavirus gastroenteritis (1 RCT, n = 55, RR 0.27, 95% CI 0.08–0.87), and rotavirus asymptomatic infection (1 RCT, n = 55, RR 0.27, 95% CI 0.08–0.87). Administration of two other probiotics (i.e., Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii H2B20) was ineffective.Conclusion
In hospitalized children, the administration of LGG, compared with placebo, reduced the incidence of healthcare-associated diarrhea, including rotavirus diarrhea. Evidence on the effects of other probiotics, whether positive or negative, is limited. 相似文献13.
Background
Probiotics have strain specific effects and the effects of fungi in preventing diseases in preterm infants have been investigated poorly. Saccharomyces boulardii is a yeast which acts both as a probiotic and a polyamine producer.Aim
The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of S. boulardii in preventing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or sepsis in very low birth weight infants.Study design and subjects
A prospective, double blind, placebo controlled trial was conducted in preterm infants (≤ 32 GWs, ≤ 1500 g birth weight). They were randomized either to receive feeding supplementation with S. boulardii 50 mg/kg every 12 h or placebo, starting with the first feed until discharged.Outcome measures
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or sepsis and NEC or death.Results
Birth weight and gestational age of the study (n = 104) and the control (n = 104) groups were 1126 ± 232 vs 1162 ± 216 g and 28.8 ± 2.2 vs 28.7 ± 2.1 weeks, respectively. Neither the incidence of stage ≥ 2 NEC or death nor stage ≥ 2 NEC or late onset culture proven sepsis was significantly lower in the study group when compared with the control group (9.6% vs 7.7%, p = 0.62; 28.8% vs 23%, p = 0.34). Time to reach 100 mL/kg/day of enteral feeding (11.9 ± 7 vs 12.6 ± 7 days, p = 0.37) was not different between the groups.Conclusions
Saccharomyces boulardii did not decrease the incidence of NEC or sepsis. 相似文献14.
Aim
To test the hypothesis that, in ELBW infants who did not receive antenatal MgSO4, lower baseline serum Mg is associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes (NDO).Study design
The study was conducted in two phases: Phase 1 — retrospective, and Phase 2 — prospective.Subjects
Extremely low birth weight infants.Outcome measures
Mortality and adverse NDO were assessed in relation to initial serum Mg measured in the first 12 hours of age.Results
We studied 156 ELBW infants. In phase 1 (n = 102): initial serum Mg (median [IQ range]) was greater in the infants who died compared to those who survived (1.7 [1.5–2.2] mg/dL vs. 1.6 [1.4–1.7] mg/dL, p = 0.034). In phase 2 (n = 54): initial serum Mg was greater in infants who died or had adverse NDO at 9 months when compared to those who survived with better NDO (1.7 [1.55–2.1] mg/dL vs. 1.5 [1.4–1.68] mg/dL, p = 0.008). Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, increased Mg concentration in the first 12 hours > 1.6 mg/dL was associated with unfavorable outcomes with sensitivity of 73%, specificity of 67%, and odds ratio of 5.5 (CI = 1.2–24.8, p = 0.037).Conclusions
In a cohort of preterm infants without antenatal exposure to MgSO4, initial serum Mg concentrations associated positively with poor outcomes. Further studies are needed in ELBW infants with poor NDO to determine whether they have a dysfunctional transport system that prevents Mg from entering into cells, or they have an active process that excretes Mg extracellularly. 相似文献15.
Objective
The aim of this paper was to compare foster care and typical children's and adolescent's use of emotion regulation processes through coping. Developmental shifts in coping strategies were expected to change coping profiles during the transition from childhood to adolescence and enhance a less adaptive coping style in foster adolescents.Methods and population
One hundred and forty-two children and adolescents, from 7 to 16 years, participated to this study, 46 were in foster care and 96 were in typical families. Most families lived on medium incomes with a low to medium educational attainment. An Hierarchical Classification Ascendant (method consisting to build a partition of the population into homogeneous clusters [low within-variability] which are different one from another [high between-variability]) was used to identify three coping profiles in children and adolescents: “flexible”, “avoidant”, and “active”. This method allowed us to set up children and adolescent profiles as a function of their ages, their social status and their gender.Results
It was revealed that 30% of foster care children and adolescents used a “flexible” coping profile in the same proportion as in the control population. In both populations, there was an increase of the adaptive “flexible” coping profile with age. However, a placement in foster families after 6 years old increased adolescents’ vulnerability since between 12 and 16, they used less the “active” coping profile and more the “avoidant” coping style when faced with a stressor. The coping profiles of foster care girls differ significantly from those of girls in typical families with a greater proportion of “avoidant” coping profiles.Conclusion
These results suggest that the transition from childhood to adolescence alters emotion regulation in both populations. They are discussed within the framework of clinical intervention following the resilience perspective. 相似文献16.
Shunsuke Araki Shutaro Suga Fuyu Miyake Shun Ichikawa Tadamune Kinjo Yukiyo Yamamoto Koichi Kusuhara 《Early human development》2014
Background and aims
Protein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type-9 (PCSK9) is a substantial player in lipoprotein metabolism. This study was designed to elucidate the role of PCSK9 in the regulation of lipoprotein during the fetal period.Study design and subjects
This study was a cross-sectional study. Eighty-one neonates (45 males, 36 females) who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit were enrolled in the study. The median age in gestational weeks and weight at birth were 37.1 weeks and 2493 g, respectively. There were no gender differences, but the proportion of infants who were small-for-gestational age (SGA) was significantly higher among females than males. The prefed serum PCSK9 level was assayed with ELISA kits.Results
The median PCSK9 concentration in male newborns was significantly lower than that in females (148.2 ng/ml vs. 171.4 ng/ml, respectively, p < 0.001). Circulating serum PCSK9 levels were positively correlated with total cholesterol (r = 0.281, p < 0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; r = 0.272, p < 0.05). However, there were no correlations between PCSK9 levels and birth weight, gestational age or SGA. Multivariate forward stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that gestational age and circulating PCSK9 levels were independent predictors of the serum LDL-C levels in newborn infants.Conclusion
Our first quantitative analysis of neonatal serum PCSK9 levels at birth showed that circulating PCSK9 levels show gender-based differences and are significantly correlated with LDL-C. These results suggest that PCSK9 could play an important role in regulating LDL-C levels during the fetal period. 相似文献17.
Milka Jeric Damir Roje Nina Medic Tomislav Strinic Zoran Mestrovic Marko Vulic 《Early human development》2013
Purpose
Maternal nutritional status is one of the most important factors of fetal growth and development. Consequently, the currently increasing prevalence of underweight women worldwide has come in the focus of interest of perinatal medicine. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of low pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) on fetal growth.Materials and methods
Data on 4678 pregnant women and their neonates were retrospectively analyzed. Pre-pregnancy BMI of study women was categorized according to the WHO standards. Fetal growth was assessed by birth weight and birth length, birth weight for gestational age, and ponderal index.Results
Study group included 351 (7.6%) women with pregestational BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, while all women with pregestational BMI 18.5–25 kg/m2 (n = 3688; 78.8%) served as a control group. The mean birth weight and birth length of neonates born to underweight mothers were by 167 g and 0.8 cm lower in comparison with the neonates born to mothers of normal nutritional status, respectively (P < 0.001 both). The prevalence of small for gestational age (SGA) births was twofold that found in the control group of mothers of normal nutritional status (9.7% vs. 4.9%; P < 0.001). The inappropriately low gestational weight gain additionally increased the rate of SGA infants in the group of mothers with low pre-pregnancy BMI (21.4% vs. 10.4%; P = 0.02). Pre-pregnancy BMI category did not influence neonatal growth symmetry.Conclusion
Low maternal pregestational BMI is associated with fetal growth assessment. Improvement of the maternal nutritional status before pregnancy can increase the likelihood of perinatal outcome. 相似文献18.
Objective
Constructive thinking is defined as the use of functional affective and cognitive coping styles in stressful situations. A first aim of the current study is to evaluate constructive thinking in adolescents and young adults, taking into account gender differences. A second aim is to identify a specific profile of the constructive thinking in delinquent adolescents.Method
The study comprises two samples. A first sample is constituted of 777 participants of the general population, aged from 12 to 26 years (mean age = 17.09 ± 2.70), recruited in public and private schools, as well as in high-schools and colleges. The second sample is composed of 60 male delinquent adolescents, aged from 12 to 18 years (mean age = 16.15 ± 1.23), recruited in two forensic facilities. All participants were asked to answer the constructive thinking inventory (CTI), a self-report questionnaire assessing the constructive thinking. This self-report questionnaire comprises one global scale, global constructive thinking and six specific scales.Results
Results of the present study evidence important gender and age differences in coping styles used to handle daily life stressful situations. Specifically, compared to their female counterparts, male participants show a more efficient constructive thinking, with a more black-and-white thinking style, as well as a tendency to consider stressful situations as challenges rather than threats. Regarding age differences, some differences between the adolescents and young adults were observed on some specific scales. Namely, adolescents are more likely to think in a rigid and dichotomous thinking style, and seem to have a simplistic vision of the world, whereas adults are more likely to think in a more realistic way. Finally, compared to male adolescents from the general population, adolescent delinquents show a less efficient constructive thinking. They are less able to display adequate responses to stressful situations and tend to have a more rigid and superstitious thinking.Conclusion
The CTI appears to be a useful tool to assess adolescents’ and young adults’ strategies to manage daily life problems. Additionally, deficits in constructive thinking seem to play a role in the occurrence and maintenance of delinquent behaviours, and should be taken into consideration for interventions in this specific population. 相似文献19.
Yuya Nakano Kazuo ItabashiMotoichiro Sakurai Madoka AizawaKazushige Dobashi Katsumi Mizuno 《Early human development》2014
Background
Preterm infants have altered fat tissue development, including a higher percentage of fat mass and increased volume of visceral fat. They also have altered adiponectin levels, including a lower ratio of high-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMW-Ad) to total adiponectin (T-Ad) at term-equivalent age, compared with term infants.Aims
The objective of this study was to investigate the association between adiponectin levels and fat tissue accumulation or distribution in preterm infants at term-equivalent age.Study design
Cross-sectional clinical study.Subjects
Study subjects were 53 preterm infants born at ≤ 34 weeks gestation with a mean birth weight of 1592 g.Outcome measures
Serum levels of T-Ad and HMW-Ad were measured and a computed tomography (CT) scan was performed at the level of the umbilicus at term-equivalent age to analyze how fat tissue accumulation or distribution was correlated with adiponectin levels.Results
T-Ad (r = 0.315, p = 0.022) and HMW-Ad levels (r = 0.338, p = 0.013) were positively associated with subcutaneous fat area evaluated by performing CT scan at term-equivalent age, but were not associated with visceral fat area in simple regression analyses. In addition, T-Ad (β = 0.487, p = 0.003) and HMW-Ad levels (β = 0.602, p < 0.001) were positively associated with subcutaneous fat tissue area, but they were not associated with visceral fat area also in multiple regression analyses.Conclusion
Subcutaneous fat accumulation contributes to increased levels of T-Ad and HMW-Ad, while visceral fat accumulation does not influence adiponectin levels in preterm infants at term-equivalent age. 相似文献20.
Manon Bache Emmanuelle Pizon Julien Jacobs Michel Vaillant Aline Lecomte 《Early human development》2014