氯诺昔康超前镇痛在腹腔镜胆囊切除术术后镇痛中的应用

目的 研究氯诺昔康超前镇痛对腹腔镜胆囊切除术（L.C)术后镇痛效果的影响。方法 择期行L.C的患50例，随机分成A（氯诺昔康）和B（对照组）两组，A组在切皮前25min予以氯诺昔康8mg静脉注射作为超前镇痛，B组给予等量生理盐水，术后行疼痛评分及不良反应的观察。结果 A（氯诺昔康）组术后BCS舒适评分显高于对照组，两组的不良反应发生率差异无显性意义。结论 氯诺昔康超前镇痛用于L.C术后镇痛效果确切，不良反应少。     

氯诺昔康复合舒芬太尼用于妇科术后镇痛的临床观察

目的 观察氯诺昔康联合舒芬太尼用于妇科术后的镇痛效果及不良反应.方法 90例择期妇科手术的患者,随机分为3组,分别以氯诺昔康(A组)、氯诺昔康加舒芬太尼70μg(B组)、舒芬太尼120μg(C组)作为术后静脉自控镇痛(PCA).以视觉模拟评分法(VAS)和警觉与镇静评分法(OAA/S)来记录术后镇痛期间的疼痛评分和镇静程度,并观察3组的不良反应.结果 B、C组在术后4、8、12h的VAS评分明显低于A组(P<0.01,P<0.05),C组在术后4h的镇静评分中达到3级的病例数要明显高于A组与B组(P<0.05).3组不良反应发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论 氯诺昔康复合小剂量舒芬太尼作为术后静脉镇痛的效果满意,并且优于单纯使用氯诺昔康,不良反应发生率未增加.     

不同剂量芬太尼联合氯诺昔康用于神经外科患者术后镇痛的疗效分析

目的：探讨不同剂量芬太尼联合氯诺昔康用于神经外科患者术后静脉自控镇痛（PCA）的疗效分析。方法将符合标准的病例随机分为A组（氯诺昔康40 mg＋芬太尼0.7 mg）、B组（氯诺昔康40 mg＋芬太尼0.5 mg）、C组（氯诺昔康40 mg＋芬太尼0.3 mg）,对比分析3组的镇痛情况及不良反应。结果同时段内A、B两组的视觉模拟评分（VAS）无显著性差异,但C组明显高于A、B两组;B、C两组的Ramsay镇静评分无显著性差异, A组镇静评分明显高于B、C两组;A组患者术后镇痛相关不良反应明显多于B、C两组,B、C两组间无显著差异。结论氯诺昔康联合小剂量芬太尼用于神经外科手术PCA,镇痛效果满意,值得推广。     

氯诺昔康用于腹腔镜卵巢肿瘤切除术后镇痛的临床观察

目的:评价氯诺昔康持续静脉镇痛用于腹腔镜卵巢肿瘤切除术后的临床效果.方法:择期行腹腔镜卵巢切除术的患者60例,随机平均分为氯诺昔康组和对照组两组.氯诺昔康组(n=30)应用PCA镇痛(每次l mL,总量40 mg/48 h),并于手术结束前半小时静脉注射氯诺昔康8 mg.术后行疼痛评分(BCS)及不良反应的观察.对照组(n=30)为空白对照.结果:氯诺昔康组术后BCS评分显著高于对照组.两组的不良反应发生率无显著性差异.结论:腹腔镜卵巢肿瘤切除术后应用氯诺昔康静脉持续镇痛,效果确切,不良反应少.     

氯诺昔康复合吗啡用于开胸手术后患者自控镇痛的比较

目的:比较氯诺昔康、吗啡、氯诺昔康复合吗啡用于开胸手术后,患者自控镇痛(PCA)的有效性和安全性.方法:择期开胸手术患者45例分三组,每组15例.PCA药物配伍为:A组吗啡50mg,B组氯诺昔康40mg,C组吗啡30mg 氯诺昔康24mg,溶于100mL生理氯化钠溶液.PCA工作方式采用持续背景剂量(2mL·h-1)配合单次按压剂量(1mL),锁定时间30min.采用视觉模拟评分(VAS),记录每个患者术后的疼痛程度;同时记录48h内总的按压次数以及可能出现的不良反应.结果:B组患者在术后各时间点的VAS评分稍高于A、C两组,但没有统计学差异(P>0.05).观察期间B组和C组患者恶心、呕吐的发生率明显低于A组(P<0.05),B和C两组间则没有统计学差异.结论:氯诺昔康用于开胸手术后PCA镇痛效应与吗啡相近,都能达到很好的镇痛作用.相对于单独应用吗啡或氯诺昔康,两者联合应用,术后镇痛效果相同,恶心、呕吐等不良反应少.     

氯诺昔康与曲马多在骨科术后患者自控静脉镇痛中的应用

目的:探讨氯诺昔康、曲马多与芬太尼配伍用于患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)的镇痛效果比较.方法:60例各类骨科术后中等以上疼痛患者随机分为两组(每组30例),试验组(L组)用芬太尼 氯诺昔康,对照组(T组)用芬太尼 曲马多.芬太尼用量0.02mg·kg-1,根据患者体重计算芬太尼总用量后,分别用8mg氯诺昔康或100mg曲马多替代0.1mg芬太尼.在L组中芬太尼与氯诺昔康各占一半,T组中芬太尼与曲马多各占一半.镇痛泵背景剂量2mL·h-1,PCIA剂量2mL·次-1,锁定时间15min.依据VAS评分标准分别测定术后4,16,24,36,50h的疼痛值,并观察两组在恶心、呕吐等方面不良反应,最后记录镇痛结束时患者对镇痛效果的总体评价.结果:两组镇痛效果VAS评分无显著差异(P>0.05),L组恶心呕吐等不良反应少于T组.结论:氯诺昔康和曲马多分别与芬太尼配伍用于PCIA镇痛效果无显著差异.氯诺昔康在恶心呕吐等不良反应方面优于曲马多.     

氟比洛芬酯与氯诺昔康对局麻膝关节镜术超前镇痛的效果比较

目的:比较氟比洛芬酯与氯诺昔康对局麻膝关节镜术超前镇痛的效果。方法:膝关节骨性关节炎患者90例随机分为3组,各30例,患者进入手术室后,采用不同方案予以超前镇痛(A组患者静脉滴入氟比洛芬酯50mg,B组患者静脉滴入氯诺昔康8mg,C组患者静脉滴入生理盐水10ml作为对照)。分别于局麻膝关节镜术中和术后观察疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)。结果:清理髌上囊滑膜和软骨成形时,A、B组患者的VAS评分均低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而A组和B组患者之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);半月板成形时3组患者之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1h屈膝90°VAS评分A组0.05);术后4h屈膝90°VAS评分A组相似文献   

氯诺昔康用于食管癌术后镇痛的临床研究

目的:评价氯诺昔康用于食管癌术后镇痛的效果及安全性.方法:选择行食管癌根治术患者60例,接受术后镇痛治疗(PCIA),随机分为L组和T组.L组使用氯诺昔康64mg·48h-1,T组使用曲马多800mg·48h-1.结果:两组于使用PCIA后4,12,24,36,48h的VAS疼痛评分、PHS术后疼痛评分无显著性差异(P＞0.05).镇静度评分:12h以后T组高于L组(P<0.05).术后镇痛不良反应的发生率L组低于T组,两组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05).总体评价L组优于T组.结论:氯诺昔康用于食管癌术后镇痛安全有效,满意度优于曲马多.     

氯诺昔康超前镇痛在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的探讨氯诺昔康超前镇痛在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中应用的疗效及安全性。方法选择68例采用腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者,随机分为氯诺昔康超前镇痛组(氯诺昔康组)和对照组,两组均采用气管插管全身麻醉,氯诺昔康组在麻醉诱导前静脉注射氯诺昔康16mg,对照组在麻醉诱导前静脉注射生理盐水4mL,术后根据患者疼痛情况给予阿片类或鸦片类镇痛药物口服。比较两组患者术后拔管清醒后1h、2h、4h、8h、12h、24h各个时间点的疼痛情况、术后患者满意度与不良反应情况。结果氯诺昔康组患者术后拔管清醒后1h、2h、4h、8h、12h、24h各个时间点的疼痛评分均明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。氯诺昔康组患者术后满意度明显优于对照组(χ=4.22,P<0.05),且术后不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(χ=4.19,P<0.05)。结论氯诺昔康超前镇痛用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术能有效缓解患者术后疼痛,提高患者满意度,减少不良反应的出现,是一种安全有效的镇痛方法。     

氯诺昔康用于妇科手术术后镇痛的临床观察

目的 选择手术不同阶段给予氯诺昔康,观察其对术后镇痛疗效和恶心呕吐的影响.方法 选择45例ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级全麻妇科手术病人,均采用静吸复合麻醉,按照氯诺昔康的给药时间分为三组：A组手术结束时静脉注射氯诺昔康0.15mg/kg;B组伤口缝合前30min静脉注射氯诺昔康0.15mg/kg;C组术前静脉注射氯诺昔康0.15mg/kg.三组病人术后接镇痛泵,记录生命体征、镇痛情况及恶心呕吐情况.结果 C组病人的PCA次数明显少于其他两组.镇痛0h,B组恶心呕吐的程度最严重,而镇痛后4h,A组的恶心呕吐程度最严重,到24h,三组相比则无显著差异.结论 C组病人选择术前给药,既可以发挥超前镇痛的作用,又降低了术后恶心呕吐的发生率,因而,术前给予氯诺昔康最为合适.     

瑞芬太尼静脉自控镇痛在分娩中的应用研究

目的 比较瑞芬太尼自控镇痛(PCIA)与罗哌卡因硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)在分娩镇痛的镇痛疗效和安全性.方法 40例足月临产妇女随机接受瑞芬太尼PCIA(RA组)或者罗哌卡因PCEA(EA组),RA组瑞芬太尼单次剂量为0.5 μg/kg,锁定时间是2 min,输液速度3 mL/min(60 μg/min),无背景输液.EA组为罗哌卡因1.5 mg/mL+芬太尼2 μg/mL,初始剂量是10 mL/h.视觉模拟评分(VAS)用于疼痛的评估.记录孕产妇心率、血压、血氧饱和度(SpO2)、呼吸速率、镇静、恶心/呕吐、瘙痒、满意度和胎心率,以及新生儿结局,进行比较.结果 这2种方法均提供了良好的镇痛,但RA组镇痛后1h时VAS评分更高,产妇镇静发生率更多,当SpO2＜92％需要吸氧.产妇满意度类似.RA组第一产程、第二产程及总产程较EA组缩短,2组产妇剖宫产率、阴道助产率及新生儿Apgar评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),脐动静脉血气分析未见异常.结论 2组镇痛方法均有效,但镇痛后1 h VAS评分低于EA组,具有高产妇满意度和可靠的新生儿安全性.但要控制剂量,术中严密监测呼吸和循环功能.     

Patient-controlled analgesia

Using a portable infusion pump, intravenous opioid patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) permits a patient to self-deliver a small bolus of opioid to achieve prompt relief without over sedation. Use of PCA for pain management is increasing in hospitals, largely because it can provide equivalent or better analgesia than conventional nurse-administered opioid analgesia, and patients are more satisfied with its use. There is no decisive pharmacological or clinical argument for the choice of one opioid rather than another. Thus, morphine remains the most frequently used opioid in PCA. The adjunction of non-opioid drugs to morphine in the PCA reservoir is still very controversial. A new investigational PCA transdermal system using iontophoresis to deliver fentanyl seems to provide an adequate pain control with the advantages of needle-free, preprogrammed, self-contained device. Whatever drug or device used, the overall success of the PCA technique relies mainly on the expert supervision of nurses or anesthesiologists in an Acute Pain Service. Indeed, PCA is effective and significant only on the condition that there is careful preoperative patient education and strict postoperative monitoring. In addition, preoperative patient selection allows to exclude patients with evidence of cognitive dysfunction or physical disabilities, making the use of the patient-controlled device impossible. Caution is required among patients with respiratory or renal insufficiency. In the future, the indispensable improvement in the management of postoperative pain should lead to a greater expansion of PCA. However, more pharmaco-economic evaluations will be needed on the cost-effectiveness issue.     

剖宫产术中应用联合药物进行切口局部超前镇痛的疗效分析

目的：探讨一种剖宫产术中应用切口局部超前镇痛的效果及对产妇的影响。方法：本院剖宫产术的初产妇200例,随机分为研究组（100例）及对照组（100例）,研究组术中应用联合药物于腹膜、腹直肌腱膜与皮下组织行局部麻醉,对照组采用0.9%氯化钠溶液,观察两组镇痛效果、泌乳情况、并发症及阿片类药物使用情况。结果：研究组在72h后镇痛效果非常明显,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,研究组初次母乳哺乳时间及肛门排气时间明显早于对照组（P〈0.01）,研究组术后应用的阿片药物少于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论：采用局部联合镇痛方法,镇痛效果显著,有利于母乳喂养及产后恢复,且安全、方便,值得推广使用。     

Stress-produced analgesia and morphine-produced analgesia: Lack of cross-tolerance

Animals exposed to cold-water swims, rotation, inescapable shocks, abrupt food deprivation and other stressors display temporary analgesia. Since repeated exposures result in adaptation of this analgesia in much the same way that repeated administration of opiates results in tolerance, the possibility of cross-tolerance between cold-water stress-induced and morphine-induced analgesia was investigated. Flinch-jump thresholds were determined in ten experimental groups of six rats each. Three groups showed dose-dependent analgesia following single injections of morphine at 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, respectively. A fourth group, subjected to a single cold-water swim at 2°C for 3.5 min, displayed analgesia comparable to that produced by 10 mg/kg of morphine. Groups subjected either to 14 daily cold-water swims or to 14 daily morphine injections at 10 mg/kg showed normal thresholds on the 14th day indicating that adaptation and tolerance had developed, respectively. The cross-over groups were exposed to either 13 days of cold-water swims followed by morphine or the reverse arrangement. Both groups showed profound analgesia instead of cross-tolerance, suggesting that a non-opiate neural mechanism may mediate stress-induced analgesia.     

Epidural analgesia.

The process of nociception, the anatomy of the epidural space, and the placement of the epidural catheter are reviewed, and the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, analgesic efficacy, and potential adverse effects of epidurally administered narcotics and local anesthetics are discussed, as well as patient monitoring standards and solution preparation guidelines for these agents. The epidural space is located between the dura mater (the outer-most membrane surrounding the spinal cord) and the vertebral canal. The site of catheter placement is determined by the dermatomes corresponding to the site of desired analgesia. The primary factors that differentiate epidural narcotics are related to their pharmacokinetic profiles. Morphine, which is hydrophilic, has a slower onset of action and a longer duration of analgesia than lipophilic compounds such as fentanyl; morphine also results in less segmentalization (the degree to which analgesia is limited to discrete dermatomal segments corresponding to the level of the epidural narcotic injection) than is seen with lipophilic compounds. Studies have shown that epidural narcotics provide superior pain relief compared with systemic narcotics. Common adverse effects associated with therapeutic doses of intraspinal narcotics include itching, nausea and vomiting, urinary retention, and sedation; respiratory depression is uncommon after epidural administration of narcotics. The most bothersome adverse effect encountered with analgesic doses of local anesthetics is paresthesia. Solutions for epidural administration must be sterile and preservative free. Epidural administration of narcotics and local anesthetics seems to provide better pain relief than conventional methods but may be associated with more bothersome adverse effects.     

硬膜外麻醉用于分娩镇痛的临床分析及护理

目的探讨硬膜外麻醉在分娩镇痛中的效果及价值,以寻找一种理想的分娩镇痛方式。方法将2011年7—11月分娩的单胎头位足月临产孕妇100例分为两组,对照组（50例）不进行任何镇痛处理;研究组（50例）进行硬膜外阻滞加硬膜外自控镇痛。对两组患者镇痛效果、产程时间、分娩方式及新生儿Apgar评分进行比较。结果研究组镇痛效果好,与对照组比较,活跃期明显缩短,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两组第二产程、新生儿Apgar评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论硬膜外麻醉用于分娩镇痛安全、有效,对新生儿的Apgar评分无影响。     

硬膜外氯胺酮超前镇痛对术后镇痛的影响

目的观察切皮前应用氯胺酮在硬膜外腔中的超前镇痛作用对术后镇痛的影响。方法选择40例择期产科手术病人,随机分为两组,每组20人,氯胺酮组在手术开始前于硬膜外腔注入氯胺酮30mg,对照组注入生理盐水。两组均行PCEA吗啡镇痛。记录疼痛出现时间,术后4、8、12、16、24小时VAS评分,24小时镇痛药液消耗量及不良反应。结果氯胺酮组术后疼痛出现时间明显延长(P<0.05);术后16小时及24小时两组VAS评分有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组24小时内吗啡消耗量有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应无明显差异。结论切皮前硬膜外腔应用氯胺酮具有超前镇痛作用,可加强吗啡术后镇痛的效果。