腹腔镜下巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术15例

目的探讨腹腔镜巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术的可行性、安全性及有效性。方法 2010年1月～2012年1月行15例腹腔镜下巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术,取右侧斜卧位,超声刀自下向上离断脾结肠、脾胃、脾肾及脾膈韧带,游离脾动脉并结扎,线型切割缝合器（Endo-GIA）离断脾蒂,切除脾脏;切割缝合器切断胃左动静脉,继续游离胃周血管直至食道下端6～8 cm,完成断流。结果 12例腹腔镜下完成巨脾切除,3例因难以控制出血中转开腹。手术时间236～318 min,平均267.2 min;术中出血量200～1000ml,平均400 ml;术后住院时间5～12 d,平均7.8 d。1例出现胰漏,带管引流1个月后漏口愈合,无围手术期死亡。15例术后随访6个月,脾功能亢进纠正,钡餐示5例轻度食管胃底静脉曲张,余10例正常,未再出现呕血、黑便等症状。结论严格把握手术适应证,腹腔镜巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术安全可行。     

腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术的临床应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术的方法、安全性和有效性。方法:回顾分析2006年10月至2007年10月我院为10例患者行腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术的临床资料。结果:10例均成功完成腹腔镜手术,手术时间180～270min,平均(200±30)min,术中出血300～1500ml,平均(400±60)ml。结论:完全腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术安全可行。     

腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术的临床应用

目的探讨腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术的方法、安全性和有效性. 方法 2003年1～6月共进行5例腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术. 结果 5例未行手助术式,全部镜下完成,手术时间3.0～4.0 h,平均3.5 h.术中出血量250～450 ml,平均350 ml.无手术并发症. 结论对于脾体积正常至中度肿大的病人进行腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术安全、微创、有效、可行.     

腹腔镜五步法脾切除联合贲门食管周围血管离断术

目的:探索腹腔镜下脾切除联合贲门食管周围血管离断术的操作方法。方法:回顾分析2011年4月至2014年4月为22例肝硬化门脉高压症患者行腹腔镜脾切除加贲门食管周围血管离断术的临床资料,术中采用五步法腹腔镜脾切除加贲门食管周围血管离断术。结果:前3例患者手术时间约为270 min,后19例为180~240 min,平均(210±30)min;术中平均出血(150±100)ml。1例腹腔粘连严重,中转开腹。17例肝结节样增生严重,同时取肝组织活检。并发呼吸道感染4例,腹水增多1例。术后肠道功能恢复时间16~72 h,平均(36±12)h;下床时间8~36 h,平均(24±6)h;术后住院7~14 d,平均(10±3)d。术后随访1个月~2年,1例术后病检证实为原发性肝癌,二期转外院行手术治疗,随访2年,至今仍健在。7例肝功能B级患者,术后3个月复查肝功能全部逆转恢复至A级。术后迄今为止无再出血病例。结论:五步法腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门食管周围血管离断术优化了手术流程,降低了手术难度,值得临床推广应用。     

内结扎法腹腔镜巨脾切除联合选择性贲门周围血管离断术

目的总结腹腔镜下内结扎法巨脾切除联合选择性贲门周围血管离断术的经验。方法采用丝线结扎结合超声刀或LigaSure，进行腹腔镜巨脾切除和选择性贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症并发食管胃底静脉曲张6例。结果6例手术全部镜下顺利完成，术中出血量80-200ml，平均130ml，无输血，无中转开腹，手术时间150-210min平均190min。无并发症，术后5天恢复正常活动。术后随访3—10个月，平均8个月，无再发出血。结论应用内结扎法腹腔镜巨脾切除联合选择性贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症安全有效，出血少，微创。     

加速康复外科理念在腹腔镜巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术围手术期的应用

目的 探讨加速康复外科理念（enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS）在肝硬化门静脉高压症患者行腹腔镜巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术围手术期应用的效果和意义。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年1月南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院收治的肝硬化门静脉高压症行腹腔镜巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术患者共60例的临床资料。病例分为两组：ERAS组（n=32）,采用加速康复外科理念进行围手术期相关处理;对照组（n=28）,采用传统围手术期处理办法。比较两组患者术中情况、术后并发症发生率及住院时间、住院费用等指标。结果 与对照组相比,ERAS组在术中出血、手术时间、中转开腹比例、住院费用以及术后并发症发生率上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但是ERAS组患者术后疼痛评分更低、术后住院时间更短（P＜0.001）。结论 腹腔镜巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术的围手术期采用加速康复理念安全有效,能够提高患者舒适性,缩短住院时间,降低住院费用,值得应用推广。     

腹腔镜脾切除及贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症的疗效评价

目的比较门静脉高压症病人行腹腔镜和开腹脾切除及贲门周围血管离断术的临床效果,评估腹腔镜手术的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2014年5月开展的腹腔镜脾切除及贲门周围血管离断术（laparoscopic splenectomy splenectomy plus pericardial devascular—ization,18）103例病人和开腹脾切除及贲门周围血管离断术（open splenectomy plus perieardial devas—cularization,0S）110例病人的临床资料。结果两组病人手术均获得成功,无围手术期死亡,术后均康复出院,术后随访半年内无明显并发症。LS组中转开腹2例（中转率为1．9％）。LS组的平均手术时间长于OS组[（334．2±41．2）rain与（241．7±49．1）min,P=0．027];而LS组与OS组比较,术中出血量[（793．3±113．2）ml与（914．5±89．1）ml,P=0．009]、术后腹腔总引流量[（834．1±95．4）ml与（1008．1±126．2）ml,P=0．016]均明显减少,术后排气时间E（42．7±9．3）h与（56．3±7．1）h,P=0．01]、术后住院时间[（7．5±0．9）d与（8．9±0．9）d,P=0．043]明显缩短,术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论门静脉高压症病人行腹腔镜脾切除及贲门周围血管离断术安全有效,比传统开腹手术具有微创的优势。     

腹腔镜下脾切除联合经胃前后入路选择性贲门周围血管离断术

(1)脾切除:无损伤钳夹住脾结肠韧带并抬起,Ligarsure分离胃结肠韧带、脾肾韧带及下半部分脾胃韧带。于小网膜囊内分离脾动脉后给予血管夹夹闭。游离脾脏周围韧带及胃短动静脉,用1枚腔镜下切割吻合器夹闭脾蒂,给予激发、切割后,脾脏完全离断。再经腋前穿刺孔放入自制标本袋,装入脾脏,经左腋前线穿刺孔提出标本袋开口,将脾脏用有齿卵圆钳分次钳出。(2)经胃前后入路选择性贲门周围血管离断术:超声刀及ligasure分离胃小弯前壁各分支血管,给予用血管夹夹闭后以Ligarsure切断,直达贲门部,再将胃向上挑起,用超声刀分离胃小弯后壁各分支血管,给予用血管夹夹闭后以Ligarsure切断,直达贲门部,以超声刀游离出胃冠状静脉后,予用血管夹夹闭后以Ligarsure切断,继续向上离断贲门及食道曲张血管,包括胃支、食管支、穿支及高位食管支,保留食管旁静脉,使食道下段双侧缘完全游离约8 cm。     

腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术

腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术是目前治疗门脉高压症及其并发症的重要术式,不仅具有创伤小、痛苦轻、康复快、美容效果好、术后并发症少等优势,且能有效降低门脉高压,离断食管胃底的静脉侧支,维持入肝血流,利于肝功能的恢复,大大提高了患者的生存率与生活质量。近年,随着腹腔镜技术的不断发展及能量外科、缝合材料的应用,腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术已在我国各大医院得到广泛开展。本文现对腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术的发展史、手术适应证与禁忌证、手术方法、技术要点、并发症及其防治措施、临床疗效评估作一综述。     

全腹腔镜与开腹门脉高压症巨脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术的临床对比研究

目的探讨全腹腔镜下巨脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术治疗门脉高压症的安全性、可行性和手术技巧。方法回顾性分析我科2011年3月-2014年12月诊断为肝硬化门脉高压症并伴有脾功能亢进、食管胃底静脉曲张,需行巨脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术的57例患者的临床资料,分为全腹腔镜组（n=21）和开腹组（n=36）,分别行腹腔镜或开腹巨脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术。观察并比较两组患者术中、术后恢复情况及并发症发生情况。结果两组均顺利手完成手术。两组手术时间、术中失血量及术中输血率比较,均无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。与开腹组比较,全腹腔镜组术后止痛剂使用频次少,术后首次离床活动时间、术后恢复饮食时间、肛门恢复排气时间、腹腔引流管拔除时间早,术后住院日短,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。全腹腔镜组在术后发热、胸腔积液以及腹水发生方面均显著低于开腹组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但在术后门静脉血栓形成、血小板计数显著升高、胰漏、切口感染以及胃排空障碍方面,组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。随访1个月-3.5年,各组病人一般情况均有所改善,无肝性脑病、未再发生呕血或黑便,未发生死亡病例。结论全腹腔镜巨脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门脉高压症是安全、有效、可行的。     

全腹腔镜下二级脾蒂离断法原位巨脾切除术的临床研究

［摘要］ 目的 总结全腹腔镜下二级脾蒂离断法原位巨脾切除术的手术要点和临床体会。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月~2017年6月48例实施巨脾切除术的患者临床资料,根据手术方式分为观察组（全腹腔镜下二级脾蒂离断法原位巨脾切除）和开放组（开腹传统法）。比较2组患者手术时间、术中出血、留置腹腔引流管情况、术后拔除引流管时间、并发症及术后住院时间等指标。结果 48例患者均成功完成手术,其中观察组25例均成功在全腹腔镜下完成二级脾蒂离断法原位脾切除术,无中转开腹,观察组手术时间比开放组长（130.40±63.60 min vs 99.13±33.97 min,P=0.038）,术中出血量更少（75.20±50.67 mL vs 206.09±116.77 mL,P=0.000）,术后住院时间更短（8.24±2.20天vs 11.00±3.49天,P=0.002）;观察组留置腹腔引流管的例数更少,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,但两组术后拔除引流管的时间相当;两组间脾窝积液、切口感染和发热两组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;而观察组术后胸腔积液少于开放组,其差异有统计学意义（P<0.05））;两组均无腹腔出血,腹腔感染,门静脉系统血栓,胰瘘,胃瘘,肝功能衰竭等并发症。术后随访6个月,患者无门静脉系统血栓及肝功能衰竭并发症,胸腔积液已吸收。结论 全腹腔镜下二级脾蒂离断法原位巨脾切除安全可靠,与开腹传统方法比较,术中出血更少,恢复更快。     

Minimal-access splenectomy: a viable alternative to laparoscopic splenectomy in massive splenomegaly.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic splenectomy of normal-sized spleens or in moderate splenomegaly is performed with increasing frequency. By using a modification of the open laparotomy, minimal-access splenectomy is an attractive alternative in severe splenomegaly. METHODS: Between September 2002 and October 2003, 9 patients (mean age, 58.8 years; range, 41 to 72) with severe splenomegaly (mean length, 27.9 cm; range, 23 to 32) underwent minimal-access splenectomy. Indications for splenectomy were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 5 cases and idiopathic myelofibrosis in 4. RESULTS: Minimal-access splenectomy was successfully completed in all patients. Mean operative time was 124 minutes (range, 75 to 165). Postoperative complications occurred in 2 cases; one perioperative death occurred in a patient with idiopathic myelofibrosis as a consequence of a secondary blast crisis. Median postoperative hospital stay was 9.1 days (range, 6 to 15). CONCLUSIONS: Minimal-access splenectomy seems to be a viable alternative to laparoscopic splenectomy in cases of severe splenomegaly. It combines the advantages of hand assistance like shorter operative times and increased safety of the procedure to the classical benefits of minimally invasive surgery.     

经腹腔镜脾切除治疗重度以上脾肿大的疗效观察

目的 探讨重度以上脾肿大经腹腔镜脾切除的安全性和有效性.方法 对1995年1月至2011年9月间行脾切除术的患者进行回顾性调查.定义脾上下极长度≥17cm或重量≥600 g为重度脾肿大,脾上下极长度≥22 cm或重量≥1600 g为巨脾.结果 行腹腔镜脾切除术22例,开腹脾切除术21例,其中巨脾患者行腹腔镜脾切除术与开腹脾切除术分别为12例和14例.与开腹脾切除术相比,巨脾患者腹腔镜脾切除术具有术中出血少( 308 ml vs 400 ml,P=0.24),术后住院时间短(3 dvs4.5d,P=0.054)和相似的并发症发生率(17 ％vs 14％),但手术时间较长(195 minvs 105 min,P=0.008),中转开腹率25％.所有行开腹脾切除术患者中再手术2例,1例死亡.结论 重度以上脾肿大经腹腔镜脾切除手术预后优于开腹手术.经腹腔镜脾切除术与手助腹腔镜脾切除预后相当.     

全腹腔镜巨脾和非巨脾切除的对比研究

目的：探讨全腹腔镜巨脾切除术的安全性、可行性和手术技巧。方法：2007年3月1日—2009年5月31日实施腹腔镜脾切除术（LS）65例,以脾脏长径是否〉20cm分为巨脾组（n=24）和非巨脾组（n=41）。对2组术中出血量、中转开腹率、手术全程时间和术后并发症发生率进行对比。结果：2组均未发生严重手术并发症。与非巨脾组相比,巨脾组术中出血量、中转开腹率差异均无统计学意义,但手术全程时间长（P〈0.05）,并发症发生率高（P〈0.05）。结论：全腹腔镜巨脾切除术是安全、可行的。与非巨脾切除相比,手术时间长、术后并发症发生率高与原发病有关。     

改良的完全腹腔镜下脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术手术经验

目的 探讨改良的完全腹腔镜下脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症的手术技巧和临床价值。方法 回顾性分析我院2012年2月至2012年12月施行的34例改良的完全腹腔镜下脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术患者的临床资料。结果 32例手术获成功,其中6例患者合并胆囊结石,术中加行胆囊切除术,应用旋切器进行旋切取脾。2例因术中出血中转开腹。术后无出血,平均手术时间（232±59）min,平均术中出血量（203±180）mL,平均术后住院时间（10.5±2.2）d。结论 改良的完全腹腔镜下脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术,无需扩大腹壁切口,具有创伤小、并发症少、恢复快的特点。丰富的经验与娴熟的手术操作技术是该类手术成功的关键。     

巨脾切除术的技术要点

The spleen whose size reaches or exceeds third degree should be regarded as massive splenomegaly.Splenectomy for massive splenomegaly demands precise procedures.First,median incision on upper abdomen(or vertical rectus muscle splitting incision)and incision under left costal arch are preferred.Second,the spleen was freed and then 0.33 mg of epinephrine was injected via the splenic artery before splenic artery ligation.During the process,a cell saver helps to minimize blood loss and makes autoinfusion possible for patients with benign lesions.Third,preoperative administration of fibrinogen,platelet and essential styptieum combined with the cooperation between surgeons and anesthesi010gists are the key points of bloodless surgery which is important for the recovery of patients.Four common problems of splenectomy for massive splenomegaly should also be addressed,including operation discontinuance,perioperative hemorrhage,accessory injury and postoperative intractable fever.     

Laparoscopic splenectomy for massive splenomegaly

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is the preferred operative approach for diseases involving normal-sized spleens. Our experience with laparoscopic splenectomy in the setting of massive splenomegaly is presented. METHODS: A prospective review of patients undergoing LS for massive splenomegaly was conducted. Massive splenomegaly (MS) in adults was defined as a craniocaudal length >or=17 cm or a morcellated weight >or=600 g. In children, spleens measuring fourfold larger than normal for age were considered massive. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients with MS were treated with LS. The most common primary diagnoses were lymphoma and leukemia. Mean splenic length was 20 cm (15 to 27 cm), with weights ranging from 600 to 4,750 g. Twelve patients with supermassive splenomegaly (length >22 cm) required a hand-assisted laparoscopic approach. There were no conversions to open surgery. Mean operating time was 171 minutes (90 to 369). Mean blood loss was 114 cc (<30 to 600 cc). Average length of stay was 2.3 days (1 to 16). Minor postoperative complications occurred in 3 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic splenectomy in the setting of splenomegaly is safe and appears to minimize perioperative morbidity. In patients with supermassive splenomegaly, a hand-assisted laparoscopic approach may be required.     

完全腹腔镜下和开腹脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术的临床疗效对比研究

目的探讨完全腹腔镜下脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症的安全性与可行性。方法对30例完全腹腔镜下脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术与30例开腹脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术的临床资料进行对比研究。结果完全腹腔镜下脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术在住院时间、住院费用、手术出血量、肠道功能恢复时间、术后并发症等方面优于开腹脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术。结论完全腹腔镜下脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术是安全可行的。     

Redefining the role of splenectomy in patients with idiopathic splenomegaly

BACKGROUND: Despite extensive work-up to establish the cause of splenomegaly, splenectomy may be required for diagnosis in certain situations. The aim of this study was to find out the role of diagnostic splenectomy in the current era. METHODS: Between January 1989 and June 2004, 211 patients underwent splenectomy for indications other than trauma. In 41 (19%) patients, splenectomy was carried out for diagnostic purposes. Retrospective analysis of these patients was done for the purpose of the study. RESULTS: All patients who underwent diagnostic splenectomy had a complete haemogram, biochemical tests for liver and renal function, bone marrow biopsy and abdominal ultrasonography before splenectomy. There were 28 (68%) men and 13 (32%) women with median age of 37 years (range, 6-62 years). The median duration of symptoms was 12 months (range, 1-180 months). Common presentations were fever (n = 27; 66%), malaise (n = 26; 63%), pallor (n = 33; 80%) and gross splenomegaly (n = 27; 66%). Thirty-two (78%) patients had hypersplenism. Splenic lesions were shown in 14 (34%) patients on ultrasonogram and in 16 (39%) patients on contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen. Open splenectomy was carried out in all patients. Seventeen (41%) patients had postoperative complications. Among these, three (7%) patients had postoperative bleeding. One patient died because of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Final histopathology of the spleen showed lymphoma in 15 (37%), tuberculosis in five (12%) and other lesions in five (12%) patients. Sixteen (39%) patients had only congestive splenomegaly. CONCLUSION: A high proportion of patients presenting with idiopathic splenomegaly will have underlying haematological malignancies even in tropical countries. The clinical presentation, laboratory profile and imaging findings were not helpful in differentiating between patients with haematological malignancies and non-malignant conditions. Splenectomy still has an important role in establishing the pathology in patients presenting with idiopathic splenomegaly.