河南省2012－2014年新报告HIV感染者中HCV抗体流行状况分析

目的 了解河南省2012－2014年新报告HIV感染者中HCV抗体的流行情况。方法 通过艾滋病综合防治数据信息管理系统对河南省2012年7月1日至2014年6月30日新报告的HIV感染者进行信息整理、HIV-1 BED新发感染检测和HCV抗体检测。结果 4 267例新报告HIV感染者中HCV抗体阳性率为13.19%(563/4 267),感染途径为注射吸毒者的HCV抗体阳性率最高(77.27%),采血浆/输血、异性性传播、同性性传播和母婴传播人群的HCV抗体阳性率分别为15.06%、15.81%、3.74%和8.96%。开封(32.04%)、驻马店(25.00%)、商丘(25.00%)、周口(18.86%)和南阳(14.67%)为HCV抗体阳性率最高的前五个省辖市。BED阳性者(HIV新近感染者)中HCV抗体阳性率为7.50%(86/1 146)。多因素logistic回归分析发现:BED阴性、年龄>40岁、农民、HIV感染途径为注射吸毒以及报告地区为开封市、南阳市、商丘市、驻马店市和周口市为HCV感染的危险因素。结论 2012－2014年河南省新报告HIV感染者中HCV抗体流行率有降低的趋势,但是部分地区和重点人群仍存在较高的HCV抗体流行率。     

Prevalence and incidence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections among males in Rhode Island prisons

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated prevalence and intraprison incidence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections among male prison inmates. METHODS: We observed intake prevalence for 4269 sentenced inmates at the Rhode Island Adult Correctional Institute between 1998 and 2000 and incidence among 446 continuously incarcerated inmates (incarcerated for 12 months or more). RESULTS: HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus prevalences were 1.8%, 20.2%, and 23.1%, respectively. Infections were significantly associated with injection drug use (odds ratio = 10.1, 7.9, and 32.4). Incidence per 100 person-years was 0 for HIV, 2.7 for HBV, and 0.4 for HCV. CONCLUSIONS: High infection prevalence among inmates represents a significant community health issue. General disease prevention efforts must include prevention within correctional facilities. The high observed intraprison incidence of HBV underscores the need to vaccinate prison populations.     

2021年福州市社会组织参与自愿咨询检测HIV感染者发现情况分析

目的 了解2021年福州市自愿咨询检测(voluntary counseling and testing, VCT)HIV感染者的人口学特征,分析社会组织在参与艾滋病防治工作并积极发现HIV感染者方面做出的成效。方法 收集2021年1-12月到福州市疾病预防控制中心VCT门诊及福建省性病艾滋病防治志愿者协会接受VCT的初筛阳性者相关信息及检测结果,使用SPSS 19.0和ArcGIS 10.2统计软件进行分析。结果 在初筛阳性185人中,以<40岁(74.59%)、男性(93.51%)、汉族(98.92%)为主,未婚(67.03%)、有男男性行为史(60.54%)、大专及以上学历(55.68%)比例较高。100人是通过依托社会组织提供咨询检测并送检的,占54.05%。同VCT门诊发现的初筛阳性者相比,呈现出年龄低(t=2.896,P=0.004)、男性(P=0.000)、男男性行为传播(χ^(2)=59.055,P=0.000)、确证阳性率高(χ^(2)=8.627,P=0.003)、文化程度高(χ^(2)=13.055,P=0.005)为主的特征。此外,对157人确证阳性HIV感染者的户籍地进行统计,其中福州本地户籍仅占49.68%,外地户籍阳性率与外地流入人口基数存在一定关联。结论 福州市社会组织参与艾滋病防治成效较好,福州作为人口净流入的沿海城市,艾滋病防控仍面临严峻挑战。     

Detection of HCV infection among clients of an anonymous testing center for HIV infection

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for HCV infection among clients of the centre of anonymous testing for HIV infection. Two hundred and eleven clients of anonymous testing centre for HIV infection in Bia?ystok were additionally tested for anti-HCV antibodies and the relationship between HCV infection and risk factors was analysed Main observations: Anti-HCV were detected in 6/211 individuals (2,4%). Increased risk of HCV infection was observed among intravenous drug users, unemployed, residents of other woiewodships (administrative regions), and in those who had been tested for HIV infection in the past. Centres for anonymous testing for HIV infection is also a feasible place for screening for HCV infection. It is reasonable to limit testing for HCV to patients with risk factors     

HIV infection and hepatitis C virus genotype 1a are associated with phylogenetic clustering among people with recently acquired hepatitis C virus infection

The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with phylogenetic clustering among people with recently acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Participants with available sample at time of HCV detection were selected from three studies; the Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C, the Hepatitis C Incidence and Transmission Study — Prison and Community. HCV RNA was extracted and Core to E2 region of HCV sequenced. Clusters were identified from maximum likelihood trees with 1000 bootstrap replicates using 90% bootstrap and 5% genetic distance threshold. Among 225 participants with available Core-E2 sequence (ATAHC, n = 113; HITS-p, n = 90; and HITS-c, n = 22), HCV genotype prevalence was: G1a: 38% (n = 86), G1b: 5% (n = 12), G2a: 1% (n = 2), G2b: 5% (n = 11), G3a: 48% (n = 109), G6a: 1% (n = 2) and G6l 1% (n = 3). Of participants included in phylogenetic trees, 22% of participants were in a pair/cluster (G1a-35%, 30/85, mean maximum genetic distance = 0.031; G3a-11%, 12/106, mean maximum genetic distance = 0.021; other genotypes-21%, 6/28, mean maximum genetic distance = 0.023). Among HCV/HIV co-infected participants, 50% (18/36) were in a pair/cluster, compared to 16% (30/183) with HCV mono-infection (P = < 0.001). Factors independently associated with phylogenetic clustering were HIV co-infection [vs. HCV mono-infection; adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.24; 95%CI 1.91, 9.39], and HCV G1a infection (vs. other HCV genotypes; AOR 3.33, 95%CI 0.14, 0.61).HCV treatment and prevention strategies, including enhanced antiviral therapy, should be optimised. The impact of targeting of HCV treatment as prevention to populations with higher phylogenetic clustering, such as those with HIV co-infection, could be explored through mathematical modelling.     

Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among male prison inmates in Maryland

To identify incidence of antibody to hepatitis C virus among 265 male prison inmates, we assayed paired serum specimens obtained at intake in 1985–1986 with follow-up specimens in 1987. Intake prevalence was 38 percent. Seroincidence was 1.1/100 person years in prison. This finding might reflect saturation of high-risk subgroups or possibly reduced frequency of exposures following incarceration.     

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Nanjing, Southern China

There is little information on the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in China. The prevalence of HCV infection was determined in 998 subjects (398 with liver disease and 600 without) in the city of Nanjing in southern China. Subjects were tested for anti-HCV antibodies by a second generation assay. We also determined serological HCV genotypes and HCV RNA sequences. Among the 600 subjects without liver disease, 3 (0.5%) were seroreactive for anti-HCV. All were less than 12 years of age and had a history of transfusion. Of the 398 liver disease patients, 20 (5.0%) were seroreactive for anti-HCV. Of 16 patients in whom serological HCV genotype was determined, 10 (62.5%) were infected with HCV type 1, 5 (31.3%) with type 2 and 1 (6.3%) undetermined. HCV genomes sequenced from 2 patients belonged to genotype 2 and were closely related to strains in Beijing and Japan by molecular evolutionary analysis. These results suggest that HCV infection is rare and not a major cause of liver disease in southern China.     

Prevalence of markers for HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection in UK military recruits

An unlinked anonymous survey was conducted to measure the prevalence of selected markers for HIV, hepatitis B and C infection in recruits to the UK Armed Forces to inform future screening and hepatitis B vaccination policies. During 2007, nearly 14 000 left-over samples taken from new recruits for blood typing were collected, unlinked from identifiers and anonymously tested for HIV, hepatitis C and current and past cleared hepatitis B infection. Overall, serological evidence of HIV and hepatitis C was found in 0·06% and 0·06% of recruits, respectively. Evidence of past cleared and current hepatitis B infection was found in 3·63% and 0·37% of recruits, respectively. Overall, prevalence rates were broadly consistent with UK population estimates of infection. However, HIV and hepatitis B prevalence was higher in recruits of African origin than in those from the UK (P<0·0001). Screening for these infections is an option that could be considered for those entering Services from high-prevalence countries.     

Prevalence of HIV,syphilis, hepatitis B,and hepatitis C among entrants to Maryland correctional facilities

Although high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in correctional institutions has been established, data are sparse regarding the comorbidities of hepatitis B virus (HBV), HCV, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), all of which may complicate the management of HCV. This study sought to estimate the prevalence and correlates associated with HCV prevalence among entrants into the Maryland Division of Correction and the Baltimore City Detention Center. Participants included all newly incarcerated entrants between January 28 and March 28, 2002. Excess sera with identifiers removed from samples drawn for routine syphilis testing were assayed for antibodies to HIV and HCV and for HBV surface antigen and surface and total core antibodies. Separately, all HIV-positive specimens were tested using the serological testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion. Of the 1,081 immates and 2,833 detainees, reactive syphilis serology was noted in 0.6% of the combined population; HIV seroprevalence was 6.6%; HCV prevalence was 29.7%; and 25.2% of detainees and prisoners had antigen or core or surface antibodies to HBV. A multivariate analysis of predictors of HCV positivity indicated that detainees, women, whites, older age groups, those who were HIV seropositive, and individuals with past or present infection with HBV were significantly more likely to be positive for HCV. These data indicate that hepatitis C remains an important public health concern among entrants to jail and prison and is complicated with coinfections that need to be addressed for effective treatment.     

Prevalence of hepatitis A virus infection in a HIV positive community

Hepatitis A is acute and usually self-limiting disease, but sometimes it can be dangerous such as in immunosuppressed patients. Purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis A serology in HIV/AIDS Patients. 247 HIV positive patients from March 2005 to September 2006 were entered in this study. Participants completed questionnaires to elicit demographic, drug and sex risk information, and were (tested for hepatitis A. They were all referred to Counseling center for behavioral diseases in Imam Khomeini Hospital. Cases were chosen from volunteers with no history of jaundice or acute hepatitis. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 13 and results were compared between seropositive and seronegative groups using T test and chi square. Statistical significance was accepted at a level of P < 0.05.200 (80.98%) were male and 47 (19.02) were female. The mean age was 36 +/- 9.3. 238 (96.3%) of patients were seropositive. One hundred percent and 96% who were born in rural and urban areas were seropositive, respectively. Also, 85.7% and 96.6% who reside in rural and urban areas were seropositive, respectively. Iran is an endemic country for hepatitis A in which most people has asymptomatic infectious during childhood. According to high prevalence of hepatitis A positive serology in HIV/AIDS patients, routine vaccination seems to be unnecessary. But special sub populations like HIV infected infants should be evaluated more precisely and different approaches may be needed for them.     

云南省德宏州少数民族村寨居民丙型肝炎病毒感染及其影响因素

目的了解云南省德宏州少数民族村寨居民丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染状况及其影响因素。方法采用横断面研究方法,从德宏州整群抽样10个相邻的少数民族村寨,所有16岁及以上居民为研究对象,问卷调查收集社会人口学、性行为和吸毒行为信息,并采集外周静脉血检测HCV抗体。对研究对象的基本情况采用描述性分析,对分类计数变量关联性采用χ2检验,并应用logistic回归分析HCV感染的影响因素,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果本项研究共有735人符合入选标准,参与应答者582人,占79.18%。其中男性306人,占52.58%;年龄16～56岁,平均(34.55±10.17)岁;景颇族364人,占62.54%;农民569人,占97.77%;已婚491人,占84.36%。543人有过性行为,占93.30%;109人吸毒,占18.73%。HCV抗体阳性25人,占4.30%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,景颇族HCV感染风险高于其他民族(OR=3.69,95%CI:1.03～13.14),吸毒者HCV感染风险高于非吸毒者(OR=3.58,95%CI:1.17～10.97)。结论云南省德宏州少数民族村寨居民特别是景颇族、吸毒者HCV感染率较高,有必要加强HCV防控。     

Prevalence and determinants of hepatitis C virus infection among female drug injecting sex workers in Glasgow

Background  

Few studies of the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have focussed on women who work as street sex workers to finance their drug use.     

Serological profile and virological evaluation of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection among HIV infected patients in Greece

In this study we evaluate the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections and the HBV and/or HCV viral load as well as HCV genotype among 737 HIV-infected patients. 89/737 (12.1%) were HBsAg(+) and the majority of them (60.7%) were HBeAg(+), in contrast to general Greek population; anti-HBc seropositivity was detected in 48.1% of the study population. Serum HBV-DNA levels were 5.75 +/- 1.66 (-log 10 copies/ml) and HBeAg(+) coinfected patients had significantly higher levels than HBeAg(-) ones (7.40 +/- 0.64 vs 4.59 +/- 1.01, respectively, p < 0.001). 8.2% of HIV-infected patients were anti-HCV(+) and the majority of them (85.7%) had HCV-RNA levels more than 700.000 IU/I. The most common HCV-genotype was genotype-1 (12/28, 42.9%), representing a difficult-to-treat special population.     

20082011年云南省梁河县艾滋病自愿咨询检测人群HIV感染率及影响因素分析

目的了解云南省梁河县艾滋病自愿咨询检测（VET）人群中HIV感染状况及其影响因素。方法对云南省梁河县2008--2011年所有VCT人群进行HIV抗体检测,并分析其影响因素。结果2008--2011年梁河县共有1452名VCT求询者,其中33人（2．3％）HIV检测阳性。多因素Logistic回归分析显示：男性（OR=2．61,P〈0．01）、配偶或性伴HIV阳性（OR=17．90,P〈0．01）以及注射吸毒者（OR=4．39,P〈0．01）HIV感染率较高。结论云南省梁河县VCT人群中HIV感染率较高,应针对男性、HIV感染者配偶或性伴、注射吸毒人群进一步加强VCT工作力度,以有效控制艾滋病疫情蔓延。     

Texas statewide hepatitis C counseling and testing, 2000-2005

In 1999, the Texas legislature funded a statewide hepatitis C education and prevention program. Hepatitis training was incorporated into training for all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), sexually transmitted disease (STD), and substance abuse counselors. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) counseling and HCV-antibody (anti-HCV) testing services were integrated into 20 HIV/STD service provider programs. Hepatitis C counseling and testing became available in 2000. Through 2005, 38,717 tests were administered, with 8,964 (23.2%) anti-HCV positive. Injection drug use was reported by 7,105 people (79.3%) who tested positive. In Texas, a state-initiated and almost entirely state-funded program supported statewide HCV counseling and anti-HCV testing among high-risk adults.