非酒精性脂肪肝患者血清非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平检测分析

目的了解非酒精性脂肪肝患者血清非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)代谢水平,评价其临床应用价值。方法通过对单位体检者的影像学检查及肝功能、血糖、血脂等血清生化指标检测,并对其中非酒精性脂肪肝与体检健康者(对照组)进行比较。结果脂肪肝总检出率为9.15%,男性检出率12.50%,显著高于女性的5.99%(P<0.05);男性患者丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、间接胆红素(IBil)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(apoA1)、non-HDL-C、apoB100/apoA1、LDL-C/HDL-C、apoB100/HDL-C、总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(TC/HDL-C)等与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),女性患者天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBil)、直接胆红素(DBil)I、Bil、葡萄糖(Glu)、TC、TG、LDL-C、apoA1、non-HDL-C、apoB100/apoA1、LDL-C/HDL-C、apoB100/HDL-C、TC/HDL-C与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);non-HDL-C与TC、LDL-C、TG、HDL-C、apoA1、apoB100、apoB100/apoA1、TC/HDL均显著相关(r=0.411~0.989,P<0.01)。结论非酒精性脂肪肝普遍具有脂类代谢异常和肝脏受损特点,non-HDL-C的检测有助于全面了解非酒精性脂肪肝脂类代谢状况。     

血清非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平对冠心病的临床诊断价值

目的：探讨血清非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇以及载脂蛋白B水平对冠心病的临床应用价值。方法检测118例冠心病（CHD）患者血清三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、载脂蛋白A1（apoAl）和载脂蛋白B（apoB）水平,并计算出非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（non-HDL-C）及apoB/apoA1比值,分析各血脂指标与冠心病的关系。结果 CHD患者血清TG、non-HDL-C和apoB/apoA1比值均高于对照组（P〈0.01）,HDL-C和apo Al水平均低于对照组（P〈0.01）,差异有统计学意义。 HDL-C和apoA1的诊断灵敏度明显高于TC和LDL-C,而non-HDL-C、apoB以及apoB/apoA1的特异度均较高。结论血清non-HDL-C及apoB/apoA1比值的升高与心血管事件发生危险性明显正相关,其预警价值高于传统指标LDL-C和TC,与冠状动脉粥样硬化病变关系密切,尤其对于LDL-C和TC已经达标者控制其non-HDL-C和apoB水平在冠心病的防治中有重要意义。     

Characteristics of lipid metabolism under different urinary protein excretion in children with primary nephrotic syndrome

Abstract

Hyperlipidemia (HLP), a common complication, is very prevalent in children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS). HLP not only significantly increases the cardiovascular risk in adulthood, but also accelerates the progression of renal disease. Proteinuria as the most important pathophysiological change can reduce serum colloid osmotic pressure, which leads to an increase in the synthesis of serum proteins including lipoproteins in the liver for export to the serum. Thus, the severity of lipid abnormalities may correlate with the degree of proteinuria. A total of 378 children with PNS were divided into three groups according to their urinary protein excretion (UPE), group A (50 mg/kg/d ≤ proteinuria <100 mg/kg/d, 125 cases), group B (100 mg/kg/d ≤ proteinuria <200 mg/kg/d, 132 cases) and group C (proteinuria ≥200 mg/kg/d, 121cases). In addition, 200 healthy volunteers with neither allergic nor renal disease between 3 and 14 years of age were recruited as the control group. Fasting serum levels of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), apoB, and albumin (Alb) were measured. Serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated by the Friedewald formula. As expected, when all patients were compared with healthy children in this study, UPE and the serum concentrations of Lp(a), TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and apoB were higher in the PNS than in the control group (p<0.01), whereas for apoA1/B ratio the opposite was observed (p<0.01). Furthermore, patients in group C exhibited significantly higher Lp(a), TC, TG, LDL-C, and apoB concentrations than those in group A or B (p<0.01), whereas for apoA1/B ratio the opposite was found (p<0.01). The increase in serum lipids was accompanied by a significant augmented UPE in all patients (p<0.05). More specifically, positive correlations were observed between serum levels of TC (r=+0.80, p<0.01), HDL (r=+0.49, p<0.01), LDL (r=+0.79, p<0.01), ApoB (r=+0.62, p<0.01) and log proteinuria in group B; additionally, a negative correlation was observed between apoA1/B ratio and log proteinuria in group B (r=?0.38, p<0.01). However, no correlation of serum lipid profiles with UPE was determined in group A and C, respectively (p>0.05). Serum Alb was negatively correlated with Lp(a) (r=?0.96, p<0.01), TC (r=?0.78, p<0.01), TG (r=?0.78, p<0.01), LDL-C (r=?0.88, p<0.01), apoA1 (r=?0.26, p<0.01), and apoB (r=?0.71, p<0.01), while positively correlated with apoA1/B (r=+0.27, p<0.01) in all nephrotic children. Furthermore, no correlation existed between serum lipid profiles and Alb in group A, B and C, respectively (p>0.05). In Conclusion, secondary dyslipidemia in children with PNS is in parallel with the degree of UPE. There are diverse characteristics of lipid metabolism under different UPE. As for the patients with medium-UPE, positive correlation between serum lipids and proteinuria is presented.     

维持性血液透析对血清胆红素与血脂水平的影响

目的 探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)对慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)尿毒症期患者血清胆红素与血脂水平的影响及临床意义.方法 42例CRF尿毒症期患者分别于血液透析前及持续血液透析半年后测定血清总胆红素(TB),直接胆红素(DB)、间接胆红素(IB)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(apoA1)、载脂蛋白B(apoB)及血红蛋白(Hb)浓度、红细胞(RBC)计数,并与健康对照组进行比较.结果 尿毒症组血液透析前TB、DB、IB、Hb、RBC等指标均低于健康对照组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),血清TG、LDL-C和apoB明显高于对照组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),HDL-C明显低于对照组(P＜0.01),TC和apoA1虽略高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而透析后TB、DB、IB较透析前下降(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),TC、TG、HDL-C,LDL-C、apoA1、apoB、Hb与RBC无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论 血液透析患者血清胆红素水平的下降、血脂代谢的紊乱是心脑血管并发症的主要危险因素.     

原发性痛风患者326例血尿酸、胱抑素C和脂代谢特点分析及其临床意义

目的 了解原发性痛风患者血尿酸（sUA）、血脂及血浆胱抑素C（CysC）的代谢特点,探讨痛风患者易并发心脑血管疾病的可能机制.方法 检测326例原发性痛风性关节炎（GA）患者和210例健康体检者sUA、CysC、胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）、载脂蛋白A1（apoA1）、载脂蛋白B100 （apoB100）、超敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）浓度并完善血细胞计数,详细收集痛风患者临床资料;比较两组上述指标的差异并分析sUA、CysC与各指标的相关性.结果 痛风组sUA、CysC、hsCRP、WBC、中性粒细胞（GR）、体重指数、TG、TC、VLDL、apoB100、血糖、肌酐和尿素均显著高于正常对照组（P均＜0.01）,而淋巴细胞、HDL则显著低于对照组（P均＜0.01）.痛风组sUA与年龄、WBC、TG、VLDL、肌酐及CysC呈显著正相关（r=0.24、0.27、0.27、0.33、0.25、0.21,P均＜0.05）,与HDL-C呈显著负相关（r=-0.16,P＜0.01）;痛风组CysC与WBC、GR、单核细胞计数、apoA1、血糖、肌酐、尿素、hsCRP呈显著正相关（r=0.26、0.20、0.31、0.22、0.46、0.67、0.63、0.33,P均＜0.05）,与TC、LDL-C呈显著负相关（r=-0.25、-0.27,P均＜0.01）.结论 痛风患者血脂异常特点符合致动脉粥样硬化血脂谱的典型特征.痛风患者易出现脂代谢紊乱、易合并心脑血管疾病,可能与高尿酸血症致血管内皮损伤、平滑肌细胞增殖等血管长期慢性炎症反应有关.CysC可能可作为痛风早期肾功能损害及慢性炎症的判定指标.     

男性冠心病患者血清性激素和血脂水平的临床研究

目的探讨男性冠心病（CHD）患者血清性激素与血脂水平的临床意义。方法采用电化学发光免疫分析和生物化学分析测定106例男性CHD患者和41名正常对照组血清雌二醇（E2）、睾酮（T）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三脂（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、载脂蛋白A1（apoA1）和载脂蛋白B（apoB）。结果与正常对照组比较,CHD组E2增高、T降低（P〈0．05）,CHD组E2／T比值为42．39±7．33,较正常对照组（21．04±6．73）增高（P〈0．01）。CHD组血清TC和apoB水平增高、HDL-C和LDL-C水平降低（P〈0．05）;TG和apoA1差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论男性CHD患者E2增高、T降低,TC和apoB增高,HDL—C和LDL—C降低,代谢紊乱是CHD患者的典型特征。     

血浆卵磷脂-胆固醇酰基转移酶与红细胞膜脂质成分的相关性探讨

目的 探讨缺血性脑血管病(ischemic cerebrovascular disorders,ICVD)患者血浆卵磷脂-胆固醇酰基转移酶(LCAT)活性与红细胞膜脂质成分含量的相关性。方法 采用酶学方法分别测定105例ICVD患者和65例健康对照者血浆LCAT活性,并同时检测血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1和载脂蛋白B(apoA1,apoB)、红细胞膜胆固醇(RBCM-CH)和红细胞膜磷脂(RBCM-PL)含量。结果 ICVD患者LCAT活性、HCL-C及apoA1含量明显低于对照组(P<0.05),LDL-C、apoB、RBCM-CH及RBCM-CH／RBCM-PL比值显著高于对照组(P<0.05),并且LCAT活性分别与HDL-C、及apoA1呈正相关(P<0.01、P<0.05),而与LDL-C和RBCM-CH呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论 ICVD患者脂质代谢方面的异常可能与血浆LCAT活性降低有关。     

The apoB/apoA-I ratio is better than the cholesterol ratios to estimate the balance between plasma proatherogenic and antiatherogenic lipoproteins and to predict coronary risk.

BACKGROUND: The apolipoprotein B (apoB)/apoA-I ratio represents the balance of proatherogenic and antiatherogenic lipoproteins. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the apoB/apoA-I ratio was superior to any of the cholesterol ratios - total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C and non-HDL-C/HDL-C - in predicting the risk of coronary disease. Moreover, we examined whether any lipids, lipoproteins or cholesterol ratios add significant predictive information beyond that provided by the apoB/apoA-I ratio. METHODS: Plasma lipids, lipoproteins, apoB, and apoA-I were measured in 69,030 men and 57,168 women above 40 years of age. After a mean follow-up of 98 months, 1183 men and 560 women had died from a myocardial infarction in this prospective apolipoprotein-related mortality risk (AMORIS) study. RESULTS: High apoB and a high apoB/apoA-I ratio were strongly related to increased coronary risk, while high apoA-I was inversely related to risk. The apoB/apoA-I ratio was superior to any of the cholesterol ratios in predicting risk. This advantage was most pronounced in subjects with LDL-C levels <3.6 mmol/l. Addition of lipids, lipoproteins or any cholesterol ratio to apoB/apoA-I in risk models did not further improve the strong predictive value of apoB/apoA-I. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the apoB/apoA-I ratio is at present the best single lipoprotein-related variable to quantitate coronary risk. Given the additional advantages apolipoproteins possess - fasting samples are not required, apoB/apoA-I is a better index of the adequacy of statin therapy than LDL-C, and the measurement of apoB and apoA-I are standardized, whereas LDL-C and HDL-C are not - there would appear to be considerable advantage to integrating apolipoproteins into clinical practice.     

Interactions of serum hsCRP with apoB, apoB/AI ratio and some components of metabolic syndrome amplify the predictive values for coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND: Plasma high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) is a marker of inflammation, and it is reported to link with coronary artery disease (CAD). Interactions between elevated serum hsCRP and other unfavorable risk factors have been proposed to cause high risk for CAD. OBJECTIVES: To examine the potential interactions between serum hsCRP and lipids and non-lipidic risk factors. METHODS: Markers of inflammation, the profiles of serum (apo)(lipo) proteins as well as classical risk factors were determined in 270 clinically stable angiographically documented subjects. The patients were stratified into tertiles according to hsCRP distribution. RESULTS: The Framingham CAD scores, relative and absolute risk for CAD and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension were significantly higher in 3rd relative to 1st tertile of hsCRP. Subjects with hsCRP levels in the upper tertile had significant higher levels of serum glucose, triglyceride, apolipoprotein (apo)B, apoB/apoAI ratio and the counts of total leukocyte and neutrophil and lower levels of HDL-C, albumin and the ratio of albumin/globulins. Analyses by bivariate correlation as well as linear regression showed that serum hsCRP was associated positively with the occurrence of diabetes and hypertension, the counts of total leukocyte and neutrophil and the levels of serum glucose, uric acid, apoB, apoB/apoAI ratio, alpha1- and alpha2-globulins and inversely with albumin, albumin/globulin ratio and HDL-C. By constructing dummy combined variables, elevated hsCRP accompanied with male sex, diabetes, hypertension and high levels of serum glucose, apoB, apoB/apoAI ratio and cholesterol exhibited amplified high risk for CAD. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that hsCRP does interact multiplicatively with apoB and some variables of metabolic syndrome. The simultaneous assessment of hsCRP and interactive risk factors enhances discriminating value for CAD. It is suggested to use hsCRP in conjunction with apoB or apoB/apoAI ratio instead of cholesterol ratios in global risk assessment.     

非诺贝特治疗高脂血症40例疗效观察

目的：观察非诺贝特对高脂血症的疗效。方法：对４０例高脂血症患者使用非诺贝特，每日３００ｍｇ，疗程６个月；治疗前后检测血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬＣ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬＣ）和载脂蛋白Ａ１（ａｐｏＡ１）、载脂蛋白Ｂ（ａｐｏＢ）等。结果：ＴＧ平均降低了４５．２％，ＴＣ平均降低了２０．５％，ＨＤＬＣ平均上升了１５．４％，ＬＤＬＣ平均降低了２５．５％，ａｐｏＡ１平均上升了２．０％，ａｐｏＢ平均下降了３０．０％。结论：非诺贝特具有降低ＴＧ、ＴＣ、ＬＤＬＣ、ａｐｏＢ和升高ＨＤＬＣ、ａｐｏＡ１作用，从而可减少冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的发病率和病死率     

缺血性脑血管病病人血浆LCAT 活性与脂蛋白和红细胞膜脂质成分的相关性研究

目的:探讨缺血性脑血管病（ischemic cerebrovascular disorders,ICVD）病人血浆卵磷脂-胆固醇酰基转移酶（LCAT）活性与脂蛋白和红细胞膜脂质成分含量的相互关系。方法:采用改良的Nagaski酶学方法-外加底物法测定103例ICVD病人和60例健康者血浆LCAT活性,并检测血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）及其亚组分（HDL2-C、HDL3-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、载脂蛋白A1和B（apoA1,apoB）、红细胞膜胆固醇（RBCM-C）和红细胞膜磷脂（RBCM-PL）的含量变化。结果:ICVD病人血浆LCAT活性、HDL-C、HDL2-C及apoA1含量明显降低,血浆LDL-C、apoB、RBCM-C及RBCM-C/RBCM-PL比值显著增高,与对照组相比差异有显著性（P<0.05）,血浆LCAT活性分别与HDL-C、HDL2-C及apoA1水平呈正相关（P<0.05、P<0.05、P<0.05）,而与LDL-C（和RBCM-C呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论:ICVD病人脂质代谢异常与血浆LCAT活性降低有关。     

Predictive value of the apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio in intracerebral hemorrhage outcomes

Background and AimsThe apolipoprotein B (apoB)/apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) ratio is a key indicator in predicting future cardiovascular outcomes. However, it is still unclear whether the ratio of apoB/apoA1 is a better predictor of the outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Therefore, we aimed to assess the relationships between the ratio of apoB/apoA1 and functional outcomes, all‐cause mortality, and stroke recurrence in ICH patients.MethodsTwo hundred and sixteen Chinese ICH patients participated in this study from December 2018 to December 2019. Laboratory routine tests including hematology analysis, coagulation tests, and lipid levels were examined. The clinical outcomes included functional outcomes evaluated by the modified Rankin Scale score (mRS), all‐cause death, and stroke recurrence 1 year after discharge. Associations between the apoB/apoA1 ratio and the outcomes were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Based on multivariate analysis, we constructed a nomogram. Univariate survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test. All the patients were classified into two groups by the median value of the apoB/apoA1 ratio: B1 < 0.8 and B2 ≥ 0.8.ResultsOf the 216 patients, 107 had an apoB/apoA1 ratio ≥ 0.8. Eighty‐five patients had poor functional outcomes (mRS ≥ 3), and 32 patients had severe functional outcomes (mRS ≥ 4). During the 1‐year follow‐up, a total of 18 patients died, and 13 patients had apoB/apoA1 ratio levels ≥0.8 during the 1‐year follow‐up period. Moreover, 16 recurrent strokes were recorded. Adjustments for age, sex, smoking, alcohol, body mass index, lipid levels, and hematoma site and volume showed that a high apoB/apoA1 ratio was significantly related to adverse functional outcomes and all‐cause mortality. The ORs for B2 versus B1 were 3.76 (95% CI: 1.37 to 10.40, p = 0.010), 22.74 (95% CI: 1.08 to 474.65, p = 0.044), and 7.23 (95% CI: 1.28 to 40.88, p = 0.025) for poor functional outcomes with mRS ≥ 3, mRS ≥ 4, and all‐cause mortality, respectively.ConclusionAn increased apoB/apoA1 ratio at admission was independently related to poor functional outcome and all‐cause mortality in ICH patients at the 1‐year follow‐up.     

TG、HDL-C、ApoA1在老年人2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗塞中的表达

目的探讨TG、HDL-C、apoAl与老年人2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗塞的关系。方法对我科2005年1月-2009年12月收治的老年人2型糖尿病急性脑梗死40例为发病组。健康体检人员40例为对照组,进行血清总胆固醇（CHOL）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、载脂蛋白A1、B（apoAl、apoB）、空腹及餐后2小时血糖（GLU）检查。结果发病组TG水平均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）,HDL-C、apoAl水平显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论高,IG、低HDL-C及apoAl水平是脑梗塞的独立危险因素。剩留血管风险应得到高度重视。     

Characteristics of lipid profile in blood plasma of patients with metabolic syndrome and manifest disorder of carbohydrate metabolism

AIM: To study specific features of lipid plasm profile in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and manifest disorder of carbohydrate metabolism (CM) as well as their relationships with clinical symptoms of MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Contents of lipids and apolipoproteins of plasm was measured on an empty stomach in 30 patients (18 females and 12 males) with MS and manifest disorder of CM (diabetes mellitus type 2 at the stage of good and satisfactory compensation of CM without terminal complications). RESULTS: The patients were found to have a subnormal level of HDLP cholesterol, high levels of total cholesterol, LDLP cholesterol and LP alpha. Hypertriglyceridemia occurred only in 31.4% patients (TG < 200 mg/dl). Mean TG level was 173.69 +/- 21.52 mg/dl. TG and diastolic arterial pressure, fasting glycemia and waist circumference significantly correlated. If the WC/TC was 1.0 and higher, the antiatherogenic plasm factor--HDLP cholesterol--significantly lowered. Positive correlation existed between TG and total cholesterol, LDLP cholesterol, apoB, LDLP cholesterol/HDLP cholesterol, apoB/apoA1, while negative correlation was seen between TG and HDLP cholesterol levels. Patients with hypertriglyceridemia had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, LDLP cholesterol, apoB, apoB/apoA1. CONCLUSION: Plasm levels of TG most significantly reflect severity of basic clinical manifestations of MS: abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, CM compensation. The presence of hypertriglyceridemia in MS patients can be considered as an indicator of high atherogenic potential of plasm.     

三酰甘油/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值对青少年肥胖人群非酒精性脂肪性肝病的预测价值

目的:探讨三酰甘油/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(TG/HDL-C)对肥胖青少年非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的预测价值。方法:选取2012年8月至2017年8月无锡市第二人民医院内分泌科门诊或住院的肥胖青少年患者共114例,收集腰围(WC)、体质指数(BMI)、血压(BP)、氢质子磁共振波普数据(~1H-MRS)、血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBG)及胰岛素(INS)等临床指标,计算TG/HDL-C及稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果:两组患者的年龄、性别、BMI、TC、腰围、舒张压、ALT和空腹血糖及胰岛素差异无统计学意义。高TG/HDL-C组患者收缩压和肝脏三酰甘油含量均显著高于低TG/HDL-C组(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析提示:TG/HDL-C是青少年肥胖人群患NAFLD的独立危险因素(OR=5.78,95%CI 2.23～14.97)。TG/HDL-C预测青少年肥胖人群患NAFLD的ROC曲线下面积为0.73,以2.64为诊断界点时,灵敏度为72.5%,特异度为71.6%。结论:TG/HDL-C有助于预测肥胖青少年人群NAFLD的患病风险。     

Impact of Blood Lipids on 10-Year Cardiovascular Risk in Individuals Without Dyslipidemia and With Low Risk Factor Burden

ObjectiveTo determine the association of plasma lipids with the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis and 10-year risk of incident cardiovascular (CV) events among healthy individuals without dyslipidemia and with low risk factor burden.Patients and MethodsThe analysis (June 24, 2020, through June 12, 2021) included 1204 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) study who were current nonsmokers and did not have CV disease, hypertension (blood pressure ≥130/80 mm Hg or antihypertensive use), diabetes (fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or glucose-lowering medication use), and dyslipidemia (low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C] ≥160 mg/dL, high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-C] <40 mg/dL, total cholesterol [TC] ≥240 mg/dL, triglycerides [TGs] ≥150 mg/dL, or lipid-lowering medication use) at baseline. Associations of lipids with baseline atherosclerosis (presence of carotid plaque and/or coronary calcification) and incident CV events over 10 years were examined using multivariable relative risk regression and Cox regression, respectively.ResultsAt baseline, participants’ median age was 54 (IQR, 49 to 62) years, and 10-year CV risk was 2.7% (IQR, 1.0% to 6.6%); 43.4% had subclinical atherosclerosis. A 1-SD higher LDL-C (23.4 mg/dL), TC (24.7 mg/dL), non–HDL-C (25.3 mg/dL), TC/HDL-C (0.75), and LDL-C/HDL-C (0.66) was associated with a higher prevalence of atherosclerosis of between 6% and 9% (P<.05). For every 1-SD higher LDL-C, non–HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C (0.49), the 10-year incidence of CV events was significantly increased by 40%, 44%, 51%, 49%, and 39%, respectively. For every 1-SD lower HDL-C (13.5 mg/dL), CV risk was increased by 37%. Triglycerides had no association with either outcome.ConclusionExcept for TGs, all lipid variables were associated with atherosclerosis and future risk of CV disease among persons without dyslipidemia and with low risk factor burden.     

Fibroblast growth factor 21 and its relation to metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract

Objective. The aim of this study was to compare the serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) between patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and control subjects and to assess the possible relation with the hormonal and metabolic parameters. Methods. A total of 91 patients with PCOS and 53 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls were included in the study. We evaluated anthropometric, hormonal and metabolic parameters in all the cases. Serum FGF-21 and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were measured by ELISA. Results. Mean fasting glucose and insulin, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels were significantly higher in PCOS patients. Serum FGF-21 levels were similar in PCOS (236.8 ± 171.2 pg/ml) and the control (224.6 ± 128.9 pg/ml) group (p = 0.654). FGF-21 level had no correlation with BMI, waist circumference, HOMA-IR, hsCRP and lipid parameters. However there was a significant negative correlation between FGF-21 and DHEAS levels (r = ? 0.309, p = 0.003). Conclusion. FGF-21 levels were similar in women with PCOS compared with those of age- and BMI- matched controls.     

Lipoprotein predictors of cardiovascular events in statin-treated patients with coronary heart disease. Insights from the Incremental Decrease in End-points through Aggressive Lipid-lowering Trial (IDEAL)

Background. Few studies have looked into the ability of measurements of apolipoprotein B (apoB) and apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-1) or apoB/apoA-1 to predict new coronary heart disease (CHD) events in patients with CHD on statin treatment.

Aims. In the IDEAL trial, to compare lipoprotein components to predict CHD events and to what degree differences in those parameters could explain the observed outcome.

Methods. We compared the ability of treatment with atorvastatin 80 mg/day to that of simvastatin 20–40 mg/day to prevent CHD events in patients with CHD and used Cox regression models to study the relationships between on-treatment levels of lipoprotein components to subsequent major coronary events (MCE).

Findings. Variables related to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) carried more predictive information than those related to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), but LDL-C was less predictive than both non-HDL-C and apoB. The ratio of apoB to apoA-1 was most strongly related to MCE. However, for estimating differences in relative risk reduction between the treatment groups, apoB and non-HDL-C were the strongest predictors.

Interpretation. The on-treatment level of apoB/apoA-1 was the strongest predictor of MCE in the pooled patient population, whereas apoB and non-HDL-C were best able to explain the difference in outcome between treatment groups. Measurements of apoB and apoA-1 should be more widely available for routine clinical assessments.     

血糖调节异常者血脂代谢的初步研究

目的初步评价血糖调节受损患者血脂代谢异常情况。方法检测糖耐量正常(NGT)、单纯空腹血糖异常(IFG)、单纯糖耐量异常(IGT)、空腹血糖异常合并糖耐量异常(IFG IGT)和糖尿病(DM)患者空腹血糖和餐后2 h血糖及空腹血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A-I(apo A-I)和载脂蛋白B(apo B)水平,计算非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)和血浆致动脉硬化指数(AIP),比较各组间血清脂质成分的差异。结果IFG组血清TC、LDL-C、non-HDL-C和apo B水平较NGT组明显升高(P<0.01),而TG、HDL-C、AIP差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。IGT组血清TC、TG、LDL-C、non-HDL-C、apo A-I、apo B和AIP水平较NGT组显著升高(P<0.01),前6项指标与IFG IGT组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。IFG IGT组与NGT组比较,各指标差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);HDL-C、non-HDL-C和AIP水平与IFG组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。DM组表现出典型的DM性脂代谢紊乱伴AIP水平显著异常。non-HDL-C和apo B间存在良好的相关性(P<0.01)。结论血糖调节受损者不同程度的存在血脂代谢异常,主要表现为TC、TG、LDL-C、non-HDL-C和apo B水平的升高和HDL-C、apo A-I的降低,伴不同程度AIP水平的改变。     

Changes in lipid measures and incident coronary heart disease: Tehran Lipid & Glucose Study

BackgroundData on the impact of changes in lipid measures on subsequent coronary heart disease (CHD) outcomes are not consistent.MethodsStudy was conducted in 4459 adults, aged ≥ 30 years, free of cardiovascular disease at baseline who attended two consecutive examinations first in 1999–2001 and second in 2001–2003, and were followed up until March 31, 2010. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression adjusted for baseline lipid measures and other risk factors was calculated for a 1 standard deviation (SD) change in total cholesterol (TC), log-transformed triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (calculated using modified Friedewald formula), non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and log-transformed TG/HDL-C. Effect of change in dyslipidemia (TC ≥ 6.21 mmol/L or TG ≥ 2.26 mmol/L or HDL-C < 1.03 mmol/L or non-HDL-C ≥ 4.91 mmol/L) on incident CHD was examined, considering those with no dyslipidemia at baseline and follow-up as the reference group.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 9.5 years, 303 cases of CHD occurred. A 1-SD increase in TC, TG, non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C was associated with 14, 20, 19, 16 and 14% increase in risk of CHD event, respectively (all p values < 0.05); the corresponding risk for LDL-C was [1.12 (0.99–1.27), P = 0.07]. Participants with maintained dyslipidemia during follow-up had a significant risk for incident CHD [HR: 1.67(1.21–2.49)] compared to those with no dyslipidemia at baseline or follow-up.ConclusionChanges in TC, TG, and non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C were independent predictors of CHD events. Furthermore, maintained dyslipidemia was a strong predictor for CHD events.