细脚棒束孢(Isaria tenuipes)的化学成分研究

目的对细脚棒束孢Isaria tenuipes次级代谢产物进行研究,为扩大细脚棒束孢的药用资源提供科学依据。方法采用硅胶柱层析,Sephad ex LH-20分离技术进行分离纯化单体化合物,根据理化性质及波谱数据等手段鉴定其结构。结果从细脚棒束孢Isaria tenuipes固体发酵产物的乙酸乙酯提取物中分离得到5个化合物,分别是:4-methoxy-6-entanoyl-2H-pyran-2-one(1),6-(1,2-dihydroxypentyl)-4-methoxy-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one(2),6-[(3R)-2,3-dihydr oxybutan-2-yl]-4-methoxy-2H-pyran-2-one(3),(5-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-pyran-4-yl)methylacetate(4)和6-(1-hydroxypentyl)-4-methoxy-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one(5)。结论其中化合物1为新的天然产物。其余化合物均是首次从细脚棒束孢中分离得到。     

棒束孢属菌（Isaria sp.）中游离尿苷,腺嘌呤,腺苷的HPLC测定

本文用ＷａｔｅｒｓＨＰＬＣ系统，Ｒａｄｉａｌ－ＰａｋＣ１８径向加压柱、甲醇－０．０１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸二氢钾（１０：９０）为流动相定量测定了虫划菌－棒束孢菌丝体中游离尿苷、腺嘌呤、腺苷的含量。检测波长为２５４ｎｍ，方法平均回收率９０．６－９３．１％，相对标准偏差０．９０２－１．５８％。方法简便、灵敏度高。     

蝉花孢梗束的毒性研究

目的对人工培植的蝉花孢梗束进行毒理学研究,评价其口服安全性。方法利用急性毒性试验、体外中国仓鼠肺细胞染色体畸变试验、骨髓细胞微核试验、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验和孕鼠致畸试验进行毒理学评价。结果急性毒性试验结果表明蝉花孢梗束对雌、雄大鼠急性经口最大耐受量(MTD)均>10 g/kg,属于无毒级;中国仓鼠肺细胞染色体畸变试验、骨髓细胞微核试验、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验以及3项遗传毒性试验的结果皆为阴性,未显示致突变性;蝉花孢梗束各剂量组在大鼠孕期体质量、死胎率、吸收胎率与阴性对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),各剂量组胎鼠质量、胎鼠身长、前囟宽度与阴性对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);各剂量组在胎鼠外观、内脏发育、骨骼发育检查上与阴性对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论在本研究条件下,未见蝉花孢梗束有急性毒性、遗传毒性,对孕鼠无致畸作用,具有良好的安全性。     

蝉花孢梗束的毒性研究

目的 对人工培植的蝉花孢梗束进行毒理学研究,评价其口服安全性。方法 利用急性毒性试验、体外中国仓鼠肺细胞染色体畸变试验、骨髓细胞微核试验、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验和孕鼠致畸试验进行毒理学评价。结果 急性毒性试验结果表明蝉花孢梗束对雌、雄大鼠急性经口最大耐受量（MTD）均>10 g/kg,属于无毒级;中国仓鼠肺细胞染色体畸变试验、骨髓细胞微核试验、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验以及3项遗传毒性试验的结果皆为阴性,未显示致突变性;蝉花孢梗束各剂量组在大鼠孕期体质量、死胎率、吸收胎率与阴性对照组比较差异无显著性（P>0.05）,各剂量组胎鼠质量、胎鼠身长、前囟宽度与阴性对照组比较差异无显著性（P>0.05）;各剂量组在胎鼠外观、内脏发育、骨骼发育检查上与阴性对照组比较差异无显著性（P>0.05）。结论 在本研究条件下,未见蝉花孢梗束有急性毒性、遗传毒性,对孕鼠无致畸作用,具有良好的安全性。     

富硒酵母深层培养研究

根据硒耐受量试验,从国内酵母生产菌中筛选出对硒吸收较好的菌种酿酒酵母(Saccharomycescerevisiae Hansen),并研究了斜面、培养液较合适的加硒量和发酵条件,提出了富硒酵母深层培养工艺和质量指标。     

猫棒束孢菌丝粉对顺铂致小鼠急性肾损伤的预防和治疗作用

<正>猫棒束孢(Isaria felina,IF)是从天然冬虫夏草子实体中经菌种分离培养获得的一种新菌株,经中国科学院微生物研究所郭英兰教授鉴定为Isaria felina(DC.:Fr.)Fr.,在分类上属于半知菌纲、丛梗孢目、棒束孢属。该菌种已被中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心保藏(保藏号:CGMCC NO. 0706)。顺铂(DDP)是治疗实体肿瘤最有效和最常用的药     

北五味子的富硒方法和富硒效应研究

目的探讨在北五味子生长过程中应用亚硒酸钠,是否能有效提高北五味子中硒的含量。方法分别采用土壤施硒、叶面喷硒、土施加叶喷的方法进行试验。结果土壤施硒、叶面喷硒均能使北五味子的硒含量比对照显著提高,并且随着处理浓度的增加而增加。硒含量土施最高可达0.2797mg/kg,叶喷最高可达3.8459mg/kg。结论试验初步验证,硒元素在北五味子中培植转化的富集效应是很明显的。     

辛克菜棒束孢的一种新的免疫抑制成分

冬虫夏草(Cordyceps sinensis)是寄生在昆虫幼虫、蛹和成虫上的虫草属真菌,中医用作滋补药。从辛克菜棒束孢(Isaria sinclairii)的培养液和无性期孢子中分得一种新的免疫抑制剂ISP-I,鉴定为(2s,3s,4R)-(E)-2-氨基-3,4-二羟基-2-羟甲基-14-氧-二十碳-6-烯酸,其化学及光谱数据与抗真菌化合物多球壳菌素(myriocin)和嗜热菌杀酵母素(thermozymoeidin)一致。它对小鼠异型混合淋巴细胞反应的抑制活性相当或高于临床应用的环孢多肽A(cyclosporin A)还试验了十个衍生物的抑制活性,结果表明有下列构效关系:1.C-1羧基和C-4羟基生成内酯,C-14羰基还原成羟基不影响抑制活性。2.C-6双键氢化使活性下降。3.氨基乙酰化和C-14羰基     

蝙蝠蛾被毛孢菌丝粉中腺苷的HPLC-PDA测定

目的建立蝙蝠蛾被毛孢菌丝粉中腺苷含量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)初步定性,PDA进一步定性。方法以UltimateTM AQ-C18色谱柱(4.6×250mm,5μm),甲醇:0.01mol.L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液为流动相(10:90,V/V),检测波长260nm。结果线性回归方程和相关系数为:腺苷在1.0～100.0μg.mL-1范围内线性良好,腺苷回收率为93.6%,相对标准偏差分别为3.8%。结论本方法简便,重现性好,灵敏度高,定性准确,定量精确。     

Comparison of chemical profiles,antioxidation, inhibition of skin extracellular matrix degradation,and anti-tyrosinase activity between mycelium and fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris and Isaria tenuipes

ContextCordyceps militaris and Isaria tenuipes (Cordycipitaceae) are high-value fungi that are used for health-promoting food supplements. Since laboratory cultivation has begun for these fungi, increased output has been achieved.ObjectiveThis study compared the chemical profiles, antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and skin extracellular matrix degradation inhibition between mycelium and fruiting body of C. militaris and I. tenuipes.Materials and methodsThe antioxidative potential of 10% v/v aqueous infused extract from each fungus was separately investigated using 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant ability, and ferric thiocyanate methods. The inhibition against MMP-1, elastase, and hyaluronidase were determined to reveal their anti-wrinkle potential. Anti-tyrosinase activities were determined.ResultsC. militaris and I. tenuipes extracts were found to contain a wide range of bioactive compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids, and adenosine. A correlation was discovered between the chemical compositions and their biological activities. The extract from I. tenuipes fruiting body (IF) was highlighted as an extraordinary elastase inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 0.006 ± 0.004 mg/mL), hyaluronidase inhibitor (IC₅₀: 30.3 ± 3.2 mg/mL), and antioxidant via radical scavenging (ABTS IC₅₀: 0.22 ± 0.02 mg/mL; DPPH IC₅₀: 0.05 ± 0.02 mg/mL), thereby reducing ability (EC₁: 95.3 ± 4.8 mM FeSO₄/g extract) and lipid peroxidation prevention (IC₅₀: 0.40 ± 0.11 mg/mL). IF had a three-times higher EC₁ value than ascorbic acid and significantly higher elastase inhibition than epigallocatechin gallate.Discussion and conclusionsIF is proposed as a powerful natural extract with antioxidant and anti-wrinkle properties; therefore, it is suggested for further use in pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, and nutraceutical industries.     

Genotoxicity evaluation of Isaria sinclairii (ISE) extract

The mutagenic potential Isaria sinclairii, a traditional Chinese medicine composed of the fruiting bodies of I. sinclairii and its parasitic host larva, was evaluated using short-term genotoxicity tests, namely, the Ames test, chromosome aberration (CA), and micronuclei (MN) tests. In a Salmonella typhimurium assay, I. sinclairii extract (ISE) did not produce any mutagenic response in the absence or presence of 59 mix with TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537. In the chromosome aberration (CA) test, ISE induced no significant effect on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells compared with control. In the MN test, no significant change in the occurrence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed in male ICR mice intraperitoneally administered ISE at doses of 15, 150, or 1500 mg/kg. These results indicate that ISE has no mutagenic potential in these in vitro and in vivo systems.     

富硒酵母对免疫功能低下小鼠DTH的影响

本文采用环磷酰胺(Cy)诱导免疫功能低下的DTH模型,观察了富硒酵母对DTH的影响.结果发现,Sey(30,60,90mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)×6d,ig)对Cy抑制的小鼠DTH有拮抗作用,并能使DTH小鼠低下的脾淋巴细胞ConA增殖反应恢复正常以上;两个较低剂量对Cy所致DTH小鼠免疫器官重量的减轻有抑制作用;两个较高剂量对DTH小鼠低下的脾淋巴细胞LPS增殖反有不同程度的恢复.提示Sey对淋巴细胞的功能有促进作用.     

The isolation of a toxin from the dahlia sea anemone, Tealia felina L

Gel chromatography with Dyematrex blue B gel and ion exchange chromatography with a methylcellulose cation exchange column have been used to isolate a toxin present in partially purified saline extracts of the dahlia sea anemone Tealia felina. Toxin activity was assessed by its histaminolytic activity. A ten-fold increase in activity per mg protein was achieved in these two steps. Final purification on a Sephacryl column yielded an apparently pure protein with a molecular weight of 7800. The amino acid composition of this compound was determined.     

Modulation of procainamide toxicity by selenium-enriched yeast in rats

Free radical processes are proposed to play a crucial role in the development of procainamide adverse effects. Therefore, selenium, as a potent antioxidant, may modified procainamide toxicity. To test this hypothesis plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS), plasma antioxidant activity (AOA), erythrocyte and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, as well as selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPX) were determined in the following four groups of rats: selenium-treated (Se), procainamide-treated (P), procainamide and selenium-treated (P + Se), and control (C). Morphological studies of leukocytes [tested for lupus erythematosus (LE) cells] and liver were also made. Atypical, i.e. enlarged and swollen, leukocytes resulting from procainamide and selenium treatment were observed. These changes were found in four out of five rats in the Se group, eight out of ten in the P group, and in seven out of ten in the P + Se group. LE-like cells were observed in two rats in the P + Se group. A statistically significant decrease in plasma and liver TBARS by 20% and 36%, respectively, increased activity of SOD by 20%, catalase by 48% and Se-GPX by 15% in erythrocytes, and decreased activity of liver SOD by 17% and catalase by 22% were found in the P + Se group as compared to the P group. These results indicated that selenium exerted antioxidant effects on the procainamide-treated rats. However, selenium did not prevent the development of disturbances in leukocyte morphology, on the contrary, it possibly promoted the conversion of leukocytes to LE cells.     

Avermectins菌丝提取液的分析与主要成分的分离富集

采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）-紫外检测（UVD）／蒸发光散射检测（ELSD）的方法分析avermectins菌丝提取液，发现主要成分为具有紫外吸收和无紫外吸收的物质。利用硅胶吸附柱层析方法分离富集了其中的主要成分。对几种有紫外吸收的组分（A1a、A2a、B1a、B2a）进行了核磁共振（NMR）分析，根据异核单量子相干谱（HSQC）对所有的^13C—NMR和^1H—NMR谱带进行了归属。鉴定了无紫外吸收的物质中含有糖类物质。